Paul Bernardo

Coordinates: 44°13′16″N 76°30′53″W / 44.22111°N 76.51472°W / 44.22111; -76.51472

Paul Bernardo
Born Paul Kenneth Bernardo
(1964-08-27) August 27, 1964
Scarborough, Ontario, Canada
Other names Paul Jason Teale
The Scarborough Rapist
The Schoolgirl Killer
Criminal penalty Life imprisonment with a possibility of parole after 25 years, declared a dangerous offender in 1995
Spouse(s) Karla Homolka (1991–1994)
Conviction(s) Murder
Sexual assault
Killings
Victims 3–4 killed; 13+ Rapes and at least 6 attempted
Span of killings
 June 19, 1990 (possibly) December 24, 1990–April 19, 1992
Country Canada
Date apprehended
 February 17, 1993
Imprisoned at Kingston Penitentiary
(until 2013)
Millhaven Institution
(2013–present)

Paul Kenneth Bernardo, also known as Paul Jason Teale[1] (born 27 August 1964), is a Canadian serial killer and serial rapist. He is particularly known for the highly publicized sexual assaults and murders which he committed with his wife Karla Homolka. As well this, Bernardo's committed serial rapes in the east-Metropolitan Toronto city of Scarborough. In addition to the confirmed murders of Tammy Lyn Homolka, Leslie Erin Mahaffy, and Kristen Dawn French, suspicions remain about other possible victims or intended victims of Bernardo and Homolka.

Early life

In 1975, Bernardo's father Kenneth fondled a girl and was charged with child molestation. He also sexually abused his own daughter.[2] Bernardo's mother became depressed over her husband's abuse, withdrew from family life, and lived in the basement of their Scarborough home. Though the elder children felt the effects of the emotional and mental turmoil, young Paul appeared to be unscathed by it. In his book Lethal Marriage, Nick Pron describes the young Bernardo: "He was always happy. A young boy who smiled a lot. And he was so cute; with his dimpled good looks and sweet smile, that many of the mothers just wanted to pinch him on the cheek whenever they saw him. He was the perfect child they all wanted; polite, well mannered, doing well in school, so sweet in his Boy Scout uniform."[3]

Following an argument between his parents when Bernardo was 16, his mother told him that he was conceived illegitimately during an extramarital affair with a former lover of hers.[4] Repulsed, he began to openly call his mother "slob" and "whore".[5]

Bernardo graduated from Sir Wilfrid Laurier Collegiate Institute, and went to work for Amway, whose sales culture had a deep effect on him. "He bought the books and tapes of famous motivational get-rich-and-famous experts."[6] Bernardo and his friends practised their techniques on young women they met in bars, and were fairly successful.[5] By the time Bernardo attended University of Toronto Scarborough, he had developed dark sexual fantasies and enjoyed humiliating women in public and beating up the women he dated.[5]

In October 1987, he met Karla Homolka.[5] They became sexually interested in each other almost immediately. Unlike the other women he knew, she encouraged his sadistic sexual behaviour.

Bernardo was deeply interested in the 1991 Bret Easton Ellis novel American Psycho and had "read it as his 'bible'."[7]

Sexual assaults

"The Scarborough Rapist"

Bernardo committed multiple sexual assaults, escalating in viciousness, in and around Scarborough, a city in the east of Metropolitan Toronto.[8] Most of the assaults were on young women whom he had stalked after they exited buses late in the evening.

Known incidents are:

In July 1990, two months after police received tips that Bernardo fit the Scarborough Rapist composite, he was interviewed by two police detectives.

Investigation and release

Between May and September 1990, the police had submitted more than 130 suspects' samples for DNA testing when they received two reports that the person they were seeking was Paul Bernardo. The first, in June, had been called in by a bank employee. The second call was received from Tina Smirnis, the wife of one of the three Smirnis brothers who were among Bernardo's closest friends. Smirnis told the detectives that Bernardo "had been 'called in' on a previous rape investigation – once in December, 1987 – but he had never been interviewed."[9] He frequently talked about his sex life to Smirnis and liked anilingus, rough sex, and anal sex.[9]

Smirnis's phrasing was awkward and stilted and consequently left the detectives unsure of whether to take her seriously. But after cross-checking several files the detectives decided to interview Bernardo. The interview, on November 20, 1990, lasted 35 minutes, and Bernardo voluntarily gave samples for forensic testing. When the detectives asked Bernardo why he thought he was being investigated for the rapes, he admitted that he did resemble the composite. The detectives concluded that such a well-educated, well-adjusted, congenial young man could not be responsible for the vicious crimes. They stated that he "was far more credible than Smirnis who, with her awkward, strange way of speaking, might just be trying to collect the reward." Bernardo was released the following day.[9]

"Jane Doe"

When she still worked at a pet shop two years earlier, Homolka had befriended a then 15-year-old girl. On June 7, 1991, Homolka invited the teen, referred to as "Jane Doe" in the ensuing trials, for a "girls' night out." After an evening of shopping and dining, Homolka began to ply "Jane Doe" with alcohol laced with Halcion.

After "Jane Doe" lost consciousness, Homolka called Bernardo to tell him his surprise wedding gift was ready. They undressed the girl, and Bernardo videotaped Homolka as she raped the girl before Bernardo vaginally and anally penetrated her. The next morning, the teenager was nauseated. She believed her vomiting was due to having drunk alcohol for the first time. She did not realize she had been violated.

She was invited back to Port Dalhousie in August, this time to "spend the night". In a replay of what had happened to Karla's sister, Tammy Homolka, "Jane Doe," whose identity remains protected by law, stopped breathing after she was drugged and Bernardo had begun to rape her. Homolka called 911 for help but called back a few minutes later to say that "everything is all right." The ambulance was recalled without follow-up.

"Schoolgirl Killer" murders

Tammy Homolka

By 1990, Bernardo was spending large amounts of time with the Homolka family, who liked him. He was engaged to the oldest daughter, Karla, and flirted constantly with the youngest daughter. He had not told them that he had lost his job as an accountant, and instead was smuggling cigarettes across the nearby Canada–United States border. He had become obsessed with Tammy Homolka, peeping into her window and entering her room to masturbate while she was sleeping. Karla Homolka helped him by breaking the windows in her sisters' room to allow Bernardo access. In July, Bernardo took Tammy across the border to get beer for a party. While there, Bernardo later told his fiancee, "they got drunk and began making out".

According to Bernardo's testimony at his trial, on July 24, 1990, Karla Homolka laced spaghetti sauce with crushed Valium she had stolen from her employer at Martindale Animal Clinic. She served dinner to her sister, who soon lost consciousness. Bernardo began to rape Tammy while Karla watched.

Over the summer, he supplied Tammy and her friends with gifts, food, and soft drinks that had "a film and a few white flecks on the top".[9]

Six months before their 1991 wedding, Karla Homolka stole the anaesthetic agent Halothane from the clinic. On December 23, 1990, Homolka and Bernardo administered sleeping pills to the 15-year-old in a rum-and-eggnog cocktail. After Tammy was unconscious, Homolka and Bernardo undressed her and Karla applied a Halothane soaked cloth to her sister's nose and mouth.

Karla Homolka wanted to "give Tammy's virginity to Bernardo for Christmas" as, according to Homolka, Bernardo was disappointed not to have been Karla's first sex partner. With Tammy's parents sleeping upstairs, the pair videotaped themselves as they raped her in the basement. Tammy began to vomit. The pair tried to revive her, then called 911, but not before they hid evidence, dressed Tammy, and moved her into her basement bedroom. A few hours later Tammy Homolka was pronounced dead at St. Catharines General Hospital without having regained consciousness.

Despite the pair's behaviour – vacuuming and washing laundry in the middle of the night,[9] and despite the presence of a chemical burn on Tammy's face, Niagara Regional Coroner and the Homolka family accepted the pair's version of events.[9] The official cause of Tammy Homolka's death was accidental – choking on her vomit after consumption of alcohol. The pair subsequently videotaped themselves with Karla wearing Tammy's clothing and pretending to be her. They also moved out of the Homolka house to a rented Port Dalhousie bungalow, to let her parents cope with their grief.

Leslie Mahaffy

Early in the morning on June 15, 1991, Bernardo took a detour through Burlington, halfway between Toronto and St. Catharines, to steal licence plates. He found Leslie Mahaffy. The 14-year-old had missed her curfew after attending a friend's wake, was locked out of her house, as punishment, and had been unable to find anyone with whom she could stay overnight. At that time, Bernardo left his car and appraised his next victim.

Bernardo approached her and said he wanted to break into a neighbour's house. Unfazed, she asked if he had any cigarettes. As Bernardo led her to his car he blindfolded her, forced her into the vehicle and drove her to Port Dalhousie, where he informed Homolka that they had a victim. Bernardo and Homolka videotaped themselves torturing and sexually abusing Mahaffy while listening to Bob Marley and David Bowie. At one point, Bernardo said, "You're doing a good job, Leslie, a damned good job." Then he added, "The next two hours are going to determine what I do to you. Right now, you're scoring perfect." On another segment of tape, played at Bernardo's trial, the assault escalated. Mahaffy cried out in pain and begged Bernardo to stop. In the Crown description of the scene, he was sodomizing her while her hands were bound with twine. Later Mahaffy told Bernardo that her blindfold seemed to be slipping, an ominous development as it signaled the possibility that she might be able to identify her tormentors if permitted to live.

The following day, Bernardo claimed, Homolka fed her a lethal dose of Halcion. Homolka claimed that, instead, Bernardo strangled her. The pair put her body in their basement. The following day the Homolka family had dinner at the house.

After the Homolkas and their remaining daughter, Lori, had left, Bernardo and Homolka decided the best way to dispose of the evidence would be to dismember Leslie Mahaffy and encase each piece of her remains in cement. Bernardo bought a dozen bags of cement at a hardware store the following day. He kept the receipts which would prove damaging at his trial. Bernardo used his grandfather's circular saw to cut the body. Bernardo and Homolka then made numerous trips to dump the cement blocks in Lake Gibson, 18 kilometres south of Port Dalhousie. At least one of the blocks weighed 90 kg (200 pounds) and proved beyond the pair's patience or abilities to sink. It rested near the shore, where a father and son on a fishing expedition discovered it on June 29, 1991. Leslie Mahaffy's orthodontic appliance proved instrumental in identifying her.

Homolka was released from prison on July 4, 2005. Several days before, Bernardo was interviewed by police and his lawyer, Tony Bryant. According to Bryant, Bernardo claimed that he had always intended to free the girls he and Homolka kidnapped. However, once Mahaffy's blindfold fell off, allowing Mahaffy to see Bernardo's face, Homolka was concerned that Mahaffy would identify Bernardo and subsequently report them to the police. Further, Bernardo claimed that Homolka planned to murder Mahaffy by injecting an air bubble into her bloodstream, eventually causing an embolism.[10]

Kristen French

On the afternoon of April 16, 1992, Bernardo and Homolka were driving through St. Catharines to look for potential victims. It was after school hours on the day before Good Friday. Students were still going home but by and large the streets were empty. As they passed Holy Cross Secondary School, a main Catholic high school in the city's north end, they spotted Kristen French, a 15-year-old student, walking briskly to her nearby home. The couple pulled into the parking lot of nearby Grace Lutheran Church and Homolka got out of the car, map in hand, pretending to need assistance.

As French looked at the map, Bernardo attacked from behind, brandishing a knife and forcing her into the front seat of their car. From her back seat, Homolka controlled the girl by pulling down her hair.

French took the same route home every day, taking about 15 minutes to get home in order to attend to her dog's needs. Soon after she should have arrived, her parents became convinced that she had met with foul play and notified police. Within 24 hours, Niagara Regional Police had assembled a team and searched the area along her route and found several witnesses who had seen the abduction from different locations, thus giving police a fairly clear picture. In addition, one of French's shoes, recovered from the parking lot, underscored the seriousness of the abduction.

Over the three days of Easter weekend, Bernardo and Homolka videotaped themselves as they tortured, raped and sodomized Kristen French, forcing her to drink large amounts of alcohol and to behave submissively to Bernardo. At Bernardo's trial, Crown prosecutor Ray Houlahan said that Bernardo always intended to kill her because she was never blindfolded and was capable of identifying her captors.

The following day, the couple murdered French before going to the Homolkas' for Easter dinner. Homolka testified at her trial that Bernardo had strangled French for exactly seven minutes while she watched. Bernardo said Homolka beat her with a rubber mallet because she had tried to escape and that French ended up being strangled on a noose tied around her neck secured to a hope chest. Immediately thereafter, Homolka went to fix her hair.

French's nude body was found in a ditch on April 30, 1992 in Burlington, approximately 45 minutes from St. Catharines, and a short distance from the cemetery where Leslie Mahaffy is buried. She had been washed and her hair had been cut off. It had been thought that the hair was removed as a trophy, but Homolka testified that the hair had been cut to impede identification.

Other potential or possible victims

Investigation and arrest

Homolka and Bernardo had been questioned by police several times – in connection with the Scarborough Rapist investigation, Tammy Lyn Homolka's death, Bernardo's stalking of other women – before the death of Kristen French. The officer filed a report, and on 12 May 1992, a Niagara Regional Police Service (NRP) sergeant and constable interviewed Bernardo briefly. The officers decided that he was an unlikely suspect, although Bernardo admitted having been questioned in connection with the Scarborough rapes.

Three days later, the Green Ribbon Task Force was created to investigate the murders of Leslie Mahaffy and Kristen French. Meanwhile, the couple applied to have their names changed legally from Bernardo and Homolka to Teale, which Bernardo had taken from the villain of the 1988 movie Criminal Law – a serial killer. At the end of May, John Motile, an acquaintance of Smirnis and Bernardo, also reported Bernardo as a possible murder suspect.

In December 1992, the Centre of Forensic Sciences finally began testing DNA samples provided by Bernardo two years earlier.

On 27 December 1992, Bernardo severely beat Homolka with a flashlight on the limbs, head and face. Claiming that she had been in an automobile accident, the severely bruised Homolka returned to work on 4 January 1993. Her skeptical co-workers called Homolka's parents, who assumed they were 'rescuing' her the following day by physically removing her from the house. Homolka went back in, frantically searching for something. Her parents took her to St. Catharines General Hospital, where her injuries were documented, and she gave a statement to NRP claiming she had been a battered spouse and filed charges against Bernardo. He was arrested but later released on his own recognizance. A friend who found Bernardo's suicide note intervened. Homolka moved in with relatives in Brampton.

Arrest

Twenty-six months after the sample had been submitted, Toronto police were informed that Bernardo's DNA matched that of the Scarborough Rapist and immediately placed him under 24-hour surveillance.

Metro Toronto Sexual Assault Squad investigators interviewed Homolka on 9 February 1993. Despite telling her their suspicions about Bernardo, Homolka concentrated on his abuse of her. Later that night she told her aunt and uncle that her husband was the Scarborough Rapist, that they were involved in the rapes and murders of Leslie Mahaffy and Kristen French, and that the rapes were recorded on video tape. NRP, meanwhile, re-opened the investigation into Tammy Homolka's death.

On 11 February 1993, Homolka met with Niagara Falls lawyer George Walker who sought full immunity from St Catharines' Crown Attorney Ray Houlahan in exchange for her cooperation. Homolka was placed under 24-hour surveillance.

The couple's name change was approved 13 February 1993. The next day George Walker met with Murray Segal, Director of the Crown Criminal Law Office. Walker told Segal of videotapes of the rapes and Segal advised Walker that, considering Homolka's involvement in the crimes, full immunity was not a possibility.

Metro Sexual Assault Squad and Green Ribbon Task Force detectives arrested Bernardo on numerous charges on 17 February 1993, and obtained search warrants. Because Bernardo's link to the murders was weak, however, the warrant contained limitations. No evidence that was not expected and documented in the warrant was permitted to be removed from the premises. All video tapes the police found had to be viewed in the house. Damage to the house had to be kept to a minimum; police could not tear down walls looking for the videotapes. The search of the house, including updated warrants, lasted 71 days and the only tape found by the police had a short segment depicting Homolka performing oral sex on "Jane Doe".

On 5 May 1993, Walker was informed that the government was offering Homolka a 12-year sentence plea bargain that she had one week to accept. If she declined, the government would charge her with two counts of first degree murder, one count of second degree murder and other crimes. Walker accepted the offer and Homolka later agreed to it. On 14 May 1993, the plea agreement between Homolka and the Crown was finalized, and she began giving her induced statements to police investigators.

Publication ban

Citing the need to protect Bernardo's right to a fair trial, a publication ban was imposed on Homolka's preliminary inquiry.[13]

The Crown had applied for the ban imposed on 5 July 1993, by Mr. Justice Francis Kovacs of the Ontario Court (General Division). Homolka, through her lawyers, supported the ban, whereas Bernardo's lawyers argued that he would be prejudiced by the ban since Homolka previously had been portrayed as his victim. Four media outlets and one author also opposed the application. Some lawyers argued that rumours could be doing more damage to the future trial process than the publication of the actual evidence.[14]

Public access to the Internet effectively nullified the court's order, however; as did proximity to the American border, since a publication ban by an Ontario Court cannot apply in New York, Michigan, or anywhere else outside of Ontario. American journalists cited the First Amendment in editorials and published details of Homolka's testimony, which were widely distributed by many "electronic ban-breakers", primarily on the alt.fan.karla-homolka[15] Usenet newsgroup.

Newspapers in Buffalo, Detroit, Washington, D.C., New York City and Britain, together with border radio and television stations, reported details gleaned from sources at Homolka's trial. The syndicated series A Current Affair aired two programs on the crimes. Canadians bootlegged copies of The Buffalo Evening News across the border, prompting orders to NRP to arrest all those with more than one copy at the border. Extra copies were confiscated. Copies of other newspapers, including The New York Times, were either turned back at the border or were not accepted by distributors in Ontario.[14] Gordon Domm, a retired police officer who defied the publication ban by distributing details from the foreign media, was charged and convicted on two counts of contempt of court.[16]

Trial, conviction, and incarceration

Bernardo's trial for the murders of French and Mahaffy took place in 1995, and included detailed testimony from Homolka and videotapes of the rapes. The trial was subject to a publication ban which applied to Canadian newspapers and media, and the venue was moved to Toronto from St. Catharines, where the murders occurred. However, the ban did not affect American newspapers and television stations from nearby Buffalo, New York from reporting trial proceedings, which were easily seen in Southern Ontario. During the trial, Bernardo claimed the deaths were accidental, and later claimed that his wife was the actual killer. On September 1, 1995, Bernardo was convicted of a number of offences, including the two first-degree murders and two aggravated sexual assaults, and sentenced to life in prison without parole for at least 25 years.[17] Bernardo was also declared a "Dangerous Offender", making it unlikely he will ever be released.[17]

In return for a plea bargain (12 years in prison for manslaughter), Homolka testified against Bernardo in his murder trial.[18] This plea bargain received much public criticism from Canadians as Bernardo's first defence lawyer Ken Murray had withheld for 17 months videotapes that Bernardo made. This was considered crucial evidence, and prosecutors said that they would have never agreed to the plea bargain if they had seen the tapes. Murray was later charged with obstruction of justice, of which he was acquitted, and he also faced a disciplinary hearing from the Law Society of Upper Canada.[19][20]

During her interrogation in 1993, Homolka told police Bernardo once bragged to her that he had raped as many as 30 women, twice the number of assaults police suspected he had committed. She described him as "the happy rapist".[21]

Bernardo has been kept in the segregation unit at the penitentiary for his own safety; nonetheless, he has been attacked and harassed. Once he was punched in the face by another inmate while returning from a shower in 1996. In June 1999, five convicts tried to storm the segregation range where Bernardo lived, and a riot squad had to use gas to disperse them.[22]

The Toronto Star reported on February 21, 2006, that Bernardo had admitted having sexually assaulted at least 10 other women in attacks not previously attributed to him. The majority of those assaults took place in 1986, a year before what police termed the reign of terror by the Scarborough Rapist. Authorities suspected Bernardo was the culprit in other crimes, such as a string of rapes in Amherst, N.Y., and the drowning death of Terri Anderson in St. Catharines.[23] He has never acknowledged his involvement. It was reported that Bernardo's lawyer, Anthony G. Bryant, had forwarded this information to legal authorities the previous November.[24]

In 2006, Bernardo gave an interview in prison suggesting he had reformed and would make a good parole candidate.[25][26] He became eligible to make an application to a jury to be allowed to apply for early parole in 2008 under the "faint hope" clause, since he was convicted of multiple murders before amendments to the Criminal Code came into force in 1997 which then prevented multiple murderers from making such applications. However, he did not apply for early release under this provision. In 2015, Bernardo did apply for day parole in Toronto upon becoming eligible to do so. According to the victim's lawyer Tim Danson, it is unlikely that Bernardo will ever be released from prison due to his dangerous offender status.[27] Bernardo is not eligible to apply for full parole until February 17, 2018.[28] In September 2013, Bernardo was moved from Kingston Penitentiary, owing to its impending closure, to Millhaven Institution in Bath,[29] and is incarcerated in the segregation unit.

In November 2015, Bernardo self-published an e-book on Amazon titled A MAD World Order, which is a 631-page violent, fictional thriller with references to the Illuminati and characters such as Mexican drug cartel members and Russian militants.[30] By November 15, 2015 the book had become an Amazon bestseller and was quietly removed from the site due to public outcry.[31]

Law Enforcement review

After Bernardo's 1995 conviction, the province's Lieutenant Governor appointed The Honourable Archie Campbell to review the roles played by the broader police services during the investigation. In his 1996 report, Justice Campbell found that the lack of coordination, cooperation and communications among police and other parts of the justice system contributed to a dangerous serial predator “falling through the cracks.”

One of Justice Campbell’s key recommendations was that the province set up a common automated case management system for Ontario’s police services to use in investigations into homicides and sexual assaults. Ontario is the only place in the world to have this type of computerized network for case management. It means that when there is a serious incident, any police service in the province will use the system in their investigation right from the start. [32] Since 2002, all municipal police services and the Ontario Provincial Police have had access to the Major Case Management (MCM) system called PowerCase.

Bernardo scored 35/40 on the Psychopathy Checklist, a psychological assessment tool used to assess the presence of psychopathy in individuals.[33] This is classified as clinical psychosis.

Media adaptations

In 1997, Lynn Crosbie, Canadian poet, novelist and cultural critic, published Paul's Case, termed a "theoretical fiction". After systematically analyzing the couple's crimes it provided an examination of the cultural effects of the shocking revelations and controversy surrounding their trial.[34]

Episodes of Law & Order ("Fools for Love", season 10),[35] Law & Order: Special Victims Unit ("Damaged", season 4) and Close to Home ("Truly, Madly, Deeply", season 2) were inspired by the case, as well as an episode of the Inspector Lynley Mysteries titled "Know Thine Enemy", aired in 2007. Under the Canadian publication ban on details of the crimes that was in force at the time, "Fools for Love" could not be shown on Canadian television when it aired on February 23, 2000. The second episode of the series The Mentalist featured a respectable but murderous husband and wife team.

The Criminal Minds episode Mr. and Mrs. Anderson features a serial killing couple that is loosely based on the murders that Paul Kenneth Bernardo and his wife Karla Homolka committed together. The Paul Kenneth Bernardo case was mentioned by the BAU team when they delivered their profile to the local police.

Dark Heart, Iron Hand is a documentary broadcast by MSNBC and was rebroadcast as an episode of the series MSNBC Investigates retitled "To Love and To Kill" concerned the case.[36][37]

In 2004, producers from Quantum Entertainment, a Los Angeles-based production company, announced the release of the movie Karla (with the working title Deadly),[38] starring Laura Prepon as Homolka and Misha Collins as Bernardo. Since the announcement of the movie, Tim Danson – the lawyer for the families of French and Mahaffy – was given a private screening of the film, and following this, announced that the families had no objection to the film being released. Ontario Premier Dalton McGuinty called for a boycott on the film. The film was released in Canada by Christal Films in the major markets of Calgary, Edmonton, Vancouver, Winnipeg, Ottawa, Toronto, Montreal, Quebec City and Halifax.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Journalism Ethics and the Internet: Ethical Implications of Online Defiance of a Canadian Publication Ban". Cios.org. Retrieved 2016-07-23.
  2. ↑ Stephen Williams (14 October 2009). Invisible Darkness: The Strange Case Of Paul Bernardo and Karla Homolka. Random House Publishing Group. p. 247. ISBN 978-0-307-56965-3.
  3. ↑ Pron, Nick (2005). Lethal Marriage: The Uncensored Truth Behind the Crimes of Paul Bernardo and Karla Homolka. Toronto: Seal Books. ISBN 0-7704-2936-X. OCLC 60738933.
  4. ↑ Bardsley, Marilyn. "Paul Bernardo & Karla Homolka". truTV. Retrieved 2008-11-18.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Bardsley, Marilyn. "Paul Bernardo & Karla Homolka". truTV. Retrieved 2008-11-18.
  6. ↑ Burnside, Scott; Alan Cairns (1995). Deadly innocence. New York: Warner Books. pp. . ISBN 0-446-60154-3. OCLC 33286797.
  7. ↑ Cairns, Alan (1995-09-01). "Life imitates 'art' in Bernardo 'bible'". The Toronto Sun.
  8. ↑ "Baltovich trial timeline". CBC News. 2008-04-22. Retrieved 2008-11-18.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Williams, Stephen (1996). Invisible darkness: the strange case of Paul Bernardo and Karla Homolka. Little, Brown and Company. pp. . ISBN 0-316-94137-9. OCLC 35882487.
  10. ↑ "Bernardo's lawyer says killer 'agitated' over attention given to Homolka". CBC News. 2005-07-05. Retrieved 2008-11-18.
  11. ↑ Finkle, Derek (1997). No claim to mercy: the mysterious disappearance of Elizabeth Bain and the circumstantial evidence that convicted her boyfriend Robert Baltovich. Toronto: Viking. ISBN 0-670-87412-4. OCLC 78820165.
  12. ↑ "Court clears Ontario man after Bernardo confession". CBC News. 2008-06-25. Retrieved 2008-11-18.
  13. ↑ "Bernardo Trial Gets Underway". Thecanadianencyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2011-02-13.
  14. 1 2 Farnsworth, Clyde H. (December 10, 1993). "Murder Trial in Canada Stirs Press Freedom Fight". New York Times.
  15. ↑ Dov Wisebrod. "The Homolka Information Ban". wisebrod.com. Archived from the original on 2008-06-17. Retrieved 2011-02-13.
  16. ↑ Gordon Domm. "Our Most Serious Consideration — Consent 24 - December 1995". Freedom Party International. Archived from the original on 2007-07-29. Retrieved 2011-02-13.
  17. 1 2 "R. v. Bernardo, 1995, O.J. No. 2988 (Ct. J. (Gen. Div.))" (PDF). Martenslingard.ca. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-20. Retrieved 2016-07-23.
  18. ↑ Jenish, D'Arcy (1995-09-11). "Bernardo Convicted". Maclean's. Retrieved 2008-11-18.
  19. ↑ The Ken Murray Case: Defence Counsel's Dilemma. "The Ken Murray Case: Defence Counsel's Dilemma". Criminal Defence News - Cooper & Sandler LLP. Retrieved 2011-02-13.
  20. ↑ "Court finds Bernardo lawyer not guilty". Cbc.ca. 2000-11-10. Retrieved 2011-02-13.
  21. ↑ Pron, Nick (2006-02-21). "Bernardo admits more rapes". Toronto Star. Retrieved 2008-11-18.
  22. ↑ Hewitt, Pat (Oct 24, 2010). "Russell Williams enters a 'grim' existence in Kingston Penitentiary". Totonto Star.
  23. ↑ Pron, Nick (21 February 2006). "Bernardo admits more rapes". Toronto Star.
  24. ↑ "Bernardo confessed to more crimes: lawyer". CBC News. 2006-02-21. Retrieved 2008-11-18.
  25. ↑ "Bernardo Says He's A Good Candidate For Parole". CityNews. 2008-06-10. Archived from the original on 2008-12-01. Retrieved 2008-11-18.
  26. ↑ "Paul Bernardo Interview Tape". CityNews. 2008-06-21. Archived from the original on 2008-12-01. Retrieved 2008-11-18.
  27. ↑ "Families of victims devastated Paul Bernardo has applied for day parole". Retrieved 23 July 2016.
  28. ↑ Bajer, Erica (30 April 2012). "No automatic release in Bernardo parole eligibility dates". St. Catharines Standard. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
  29. ↑ "Paul Bernardo dad says Karla Homolka 'got away with it' | Exclusive | Toronto &". Torontosun.com. Retrieved 2016-07-23.
  30. ↑ "Paul Bernardo publishes violent e-book on Amazon: report". CBC News. 12 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  31. ↑ "Book by Paul Bernardo no longer available on Amazon". Retrieved 23 July 2016.
  32. ↑ Ontario, Province of. "Ontario Major Case Management". Ontario Major Case Management. Province of Ontario.
  33. ↑ "The Psychopath Next Door". Doc Zone. Season 2014-15. Episode 7. November 27, 2014. 3 minutes in. CBC Television. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved April 24, 2015.
  34. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-06-06. Retrieved 2008-03-30.
  35. ↑ "Bernardo murders inspire Law & Order episode". CBC News. 10 November 1999. Retrieved 2013-09-26.
  36. ↑ "Weekend Primetime on MSNBC". Mail-archive.com. 2002-05-31. Retrieved 2016-07-23.
  37. ↑ "Television News, Reviews and TV Show Recaps - HuffPost TV". Television.aol.com. Retrieved 2016-07-23.
  38. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2007-04-20. Retrieved 2010-11-21.

Further reading

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