Per Rudberg

Per Rudberg
Birth name	Per Yngve Rudberg
Born	29 August 1922 Vänersborg, Sweden
Died	9 May 2010 (aged 87) Värmdö, Sweden
Allegiance	Sweden
Service/branch	Swedish Navy
Years of service	1944–1984
Rank	Vice admiral
Commands held	HSwMS Magne HSwMS Östergötland Milo NN Chief of the Navy
Battles/wars	Soviet submarine U 137

Per Yngve Rudberg (29 August 1922 – 9 May 2010) was a Swedish Navy vice admiral. Rudberg became an officer in the Swedish Navy after graduating from Royal Swedish Naval Academy in 1944. He served aboard destroyers, torpedo boats and training vessels and later became commanding officer of the First Destroyer Flotilla and led among other things the naval development in the emerging radar technology. Besides the usual management training, Rudberg attended the French Naval Academy. He served at the Defence Staff and the Naval Staff and was promoted to rear admiral and military commander of Milo NN in 1973. Rudberg was promoted to vice admiral and served as the Chief of the Navy from 1978 to 1984 during which time the Swedish submarine incidents culminated when the Soviet submarine U 137 ran aground in Blekinge archipelago.

Career

Rudberg was born in Vänersborg, Sweden, the son of bishop Yngve Rudberg and his wife Margit (née Hemberg). He was the brother of the philologist Stig Rudberg and the author Birgitta Rudberg. Rudberg's uncle was Gunnar Rudberg and cousin was Sten Rudberg. He passed studentexamen in Uppsala in 1941^[1] and like many others during the World War II, Rudberg made his way to the military.^[2] He underwent naval officer training and became an acting sub-lieutenant (fänrik) in the Swedish Navy in 1944 and held several naval appointments from 1944 to 1950.^[3] During these years, Rudberg was assigned to artillery weapons service and it resulted in service on torpedo boats, destroyers and cruisers and the training ship Prins Carl, where he for some years led the navy's radar and fire-control system school. He also served on land at the Royal Swedish Naval Academy in Näsbypark.^[2] Rudberg was promoted to sub-lieutenant (löjtnant) in 1946 and completed the Royal Swedish Naval Staff College staff course from 1952 to 1953. He was promoted to lieutenant (kapten) in 1954 and served at the Naval Staff from 1955 to 1959.^[3]

Another important appointment was as aide-de-camp to the then Chief of the Navy, Admiral Stig H:son Ericson. In this context, he participated in the design of a new idea plan for the navy's further development after the navy's unfavorable 1958 Defense Decision.^[2] He went on to study at the École Supérieure de Guerre Navale in Paris from 1959 to 1960 and at the Cours Supérieur Interarmées in Paris in 1960. Rudberg was promoted to commander of the 2nd rank in in 1960 and served at the Naval Command East (Marinkommando Ost) in 1963 and at the Defence Staff in 1964. He was promoted to commander (Kommendörkapten) of the 1st rank in 1964 and was head of department at the Defence Staff from 1965 to 1967 when he was promoted to captain (Kommendör).^[3] Rudberg was commanding officer of the First Destroyer Flotilla from 1967 to 1970 and promoted to captain of the 1st rank the same year.^[4] He was a skilled captain and flotilla commanding officer who developed the naval tactics concerning electronic warfare and tactics against foreign anti-ship missiles.^[2]

Rudberg was section chief at the Defence Staff from 1970 to 1973 and was promoted to rear admiral the same year.^[4] He was military commander of the Lower Norrland Military Area from 1973 to 1978. As military commander, he added a naval dimension to the military area which in the past had been so army accentuated.^[2] Rudberg was promoted to vice admiral in 1978 and was appointed Chief of the Navy the same year.^[5] At this time, the security policy environment had deteriorated in Sweden's region through the Poland crisis and the increase in tension between the superpowers. The Swedish Navy had for a number of years strongly committed to acquire a Swedish anti-ship missile.^[2] The government was not prepared to support such a development. The navy was then forced to focus on the acquisition of a foreign option. When Rudberg took officer, this process had come a long way. After the Swedish government crisis in 1979 a new government was formed that wanted to change the plans.^[2] The risk of repeated delays were evident. Rudberg managed, however, personally to force comprehensive safeguards regarding timing and quality for a production in Sweden. The industry kept its commitments and the Swedish defense got the RBS-15 for sea, air and coastal artillery forces. Likewise, he showed a great commitment to improve the protection against the ongoing violations of foreign submarines in Swedish waters. Demobilized vessels was now placed in depots and could thus be kept in a high material readiness. Trained and demobilized conscripts could if necessary be called in for these vessels.^[2]

Rudberg was convinced that the navy should be accorded greater importance in the Swedish defense, and he argued for this in the military management. Meanwhile, Sweden was subjected to repeated underwater violations and Rudberg was forced to redirect the emergency preparedness system to meet the threats. The navy went from being a school navy to become a contingency navy and the coastal artillery began with a constant surveillance of sensitive areas.^[6] New equipment was also procured for the submarine protection. Rudberg could collectively leave a qualitatively strengthened navy when he retired in 1984.^[2] As the Chief of the Navy, Rudberg would in the event of a military attack on Sweden or in a military crisis immediately be flown to England where he would act as a kind of "reserve Supreme Commander" but also be a link between Sweden and the Allied forces. The Chief of the Army would be the Supreme Commander's deputy and Chief of the Air Force would be the commanding officer at the front.^[7] In a news article in Svenska Dagbladet in 1998, Rudberg explained that after Prime Minister Olof Palme's assassination in Stockholm on 28 February 1986, Rudberg, who until recently had been the Chief of the Navy, had called the Supreme Commander Lennart Ljung and announced that he was ready to travel to Washington, D.C., where Sweden's naval chief had his place in the event of a war.^[8]

Retirement

After his retirement from active service Rudberg settled in Värmdö and devoted much time to the church congregation activities as churchwarden and elected representative. He was for a period chairman of the parish council. In the church congregation, he got involved in particular issues relating to leadership.^[2] Rudberg was chairman of the board of British Aerospace (Sweden) AB from 1985, of Vasa Rediviva from 1986 and board member of the Medborgarrättsrörelsen from 1984 and of the Maritime Museum from 1990.^[9]

Other work

Rudberg was military expert in the 1965 Defense Investigation. He became a of the Royal Swedish Society of Naval Sciences in 1961 (honorary member in 1973) and of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences in 1967. Rudberg became a member of the Académie de Marine in Paris in 1973.^[4]

Personal life

In 1945 he married Kjerstin Oredsson (born 1920), the daughter of doctor Ola Oredsson and Katherine Spira.^[3] He was the father of Jan, Sven, Lars^[1] and Frank.^[2]

Bibliography

• Lindberg, Anders; Rudberg, Per; Berggren, G. Rune, eds. (1988). Ebbe Carlsson-affären: ett svenskt Watergate? : en intervjubok [The Ebbe Carlsson affair: a Swedish Watergate? : A book of interviews] (in Swedish). [Stockholm]: [A. Lindberg]. ISBN 91-7970-384-4. LIBRIS 7678206.
• Göte, Blom; Rudberg, Per (1996). Vår beredskap - var den god?: marin beredskap tiden 1938-1990 [Our preparedness - was it good ?: naval preparedness during the period 1938-1990]. Marinlitteraturföreningen, 0348-2405 ; 80 (in Swedish). Stockholm: Kungl. Örlogsmannasällsk. ISBN 91-630-4499-4. LIBRIS 7451372.

References

1. Rasin, Bengt; Ellsén, Jarl (2010-06-09). "Per Rudberg". Dagens Nyheter (in Swedish). Retrieved 28 October 2016.
2. Schuback, Bengt (2010). "Per Rudberg" (PDF). Tidskrift i sjöväsendet (in Swedish). Carlskrona: Tidskrift i sjöväsendet: 451–453. LIBRIS 8258455.
3. Lagerström, Sten, ed. (1968). Vem är det: svensk biografisk handbok. 1969 [Who is it: Swedish biographical handbook. 1969] (in Swedish). Stockholm: Norstedt. p. 811.
4. Vem är det: svensk biografisk handbok. 1977 [Who is it: Swedish biographical handbook. 1977] (in Swedish). Stockholm: Norstedt. 1976. p. 866. ISBN 91-1-766022-X.
5. Vem är det: svensk biografisk handbok. 1985 [Who is it: Swedish biographical handbook. 1985] (in Swedish). Stockholm: Norstedt. 1984. p. 941. ISBN 91-1-843222-0.
6. Rossander, Erik (2010). "Minnesord över bortgångna ledamöter" (PDF). Kungl. Krigsvetenskapsakademiens handlingar och tidskrift (in Swedish). Stockholm: Kungl. Krigsvetenskapsakademien (4): 9–10. LIBRIS 3417415.
7. Frånstedt, Olof (2014). Spionjägaren. D. 2, Säpo, IB och Palme (in Swedish). Västerås: Ica. ISBN 9789153439646. LIBRIS 15179724.
8. Rydén, Daniel (15 October 2015). "Så blev Sverige en del av Nato" [As Sweden became part of NATO]. Populär Historia (in Swedish). Lund: Historiska Media (11). LIBRIS 8264634. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
9. Uddling, Hans; Paabo, Katrin, eds. (1992). Vem är det: svensk biografisk handbok. 1993 [Who is it: Swedish biographical handbook. 1993] (in Swedish). Stockholm: Norstedt. p. 938. ISBN 91-1-914072-X.

External links

• Article by Rudberg