Priority R-tree

The Priority R-tree is a worst-case asymptotically optimal alternative to the spatial tree R-tree. It was first proposed by Arge, De Berg, Haverkort and Yi, K. in an article from 2004.^[1] The prioritized R-tree is essentially a hybrid between a k-dimensional tree and a r-tree in that it defines a given object's N-dimensional bounding volume (called Minimum Bounding Rectangles - MBR) as a point in N-dimensions, represented by the ordered pair of the rectangles. The term prioritized arrives from the introduction of four priority-leaves that represents the most extreme values of each dimensions, included in every branch of the tree. Before answering a window-query by traversing the sub-branches, the prioritized R-tree first checks for overlap in its priority nodes. The sub-branches are traversed (and constructed) by checking whether the least value of the first dimension of the query is above the value of the sub-branches. This gives access to a quick indexation by the value of the first dimension of the bounding box.

Performance

Arge et al. writes that the priority tree always answers window-queries with ${\displaystyle O\left(\left({\frac {N}{B}}\right)^{1-{\frac {1}{d}}}+{\frac {T}{B}}\right)}$ I/Os, where N is the number of d-dimensional (hyper-) rectangles stored in the R-tree, B is the disk block size, and T is the output size.

Dimensions

In the case of N = 2 the rectangle is represented by $\,((x_{{min}},y_{{min}}),(x_{{max}},y_{{max}}))$ and the MBR thus four corners $\,(x_{{min}},y_{{min}},x_{{max}},y_{{max}})$.

See also

• Bounding volume hierarchy
• B-tree
• R-tree

References

1. L. Arge; M. de Berg; H. J. Haverkort; K. Yi (2004). "The Priority R-Tree: A Practically Efficient and Worst-Case Optimal R-Tree" (PDF). SIGMOD. Retrieved 12 October 2011.