RAF Halesworth

RAF Halesworth
RAF Holton
USAAF Station 365
Located Near Southwold, Suffolk, United Kingdom

Aerial photograph mosaic of Halesworth (Holton) airfield , P-47 Thunderbolts of the 56th Fighter Group are taxying on the perimeter and main runway, 18 April 1944. Photograph taken by 31st Photographic Squadron, 10th Photographic Reconnaissance Group, sortie number US/31GR/LOC17
RAF Halesworth
Map showing the location of RAF Halesworth within Suffolk.
Coordinates 52°21′56″N 001°31′26″E / 52.36556°N 1.52389°E / 52.36556; 1.52389
Type Military airfield
Code HA
Site information
Owner Air Ministry
Controlled by United States Army Air Forces
Site history
Built 1942
In use 1942-1946
Battles/wars European Theatre of World War II
Air Offensive, Europe July 1942 - May 1945
Garrison information
Garrison Eighth Air Force
Occupants 56th Fighter Group
489th Bombardment Group

Royal Air Force Halesworth or more simply RAF Halesworth is a former Royal Air Force station located 7 miles (11 km) west of Southwold, Suffolk, England.

United States Army Air Forces use

Halesworth was built in 1942–1943 and was intended for use as a bomber station, and was built as such with a 6,000 ft. main runway and two secondary runways of 4,200 ft length. There was an encircling perimeter track with 51 hardstands and two T-2 hangars. Nissen hut accommodations for about 3,000 personnel were also built south of the airfield.

USAAF Station Units assigned to RAF Halesworth were:[1]

Regular Army Station Units included:

The airfield was assigned USAAF designation Station 365 (HA).

56th Fighter Group

Captain Walker "Bud" Mahurin of the 56th Fighter Group standing on the port wing of his P-47 Thunderbolt aircraft, conversing with its crew chief, Staff Sergeant John E. Barnes.The aircraft had been "bought" courtesy of war bonds purchased (to a value approximately equivalent to the cost of a fighter) by the citizens of Atlantic City, New Jersey. Consequently, the name painted on the aircraft was chosen by Atlantic City.

The first unit to use Halesworth was the 56th Fighter Group which arrived from RAF Horsham St Faith on 9 July 1943. Its operational squadrons were:

Being only eight miles from the Suffolk coast, Halesworth was ideally located for escort fighter operations, where range was an important factor. For this reason the 56th Fighter Group was moved there. Flying Republic P-47 Thunderbolts, the group flew numerous missions over France, the Low Countries, and Germany to escort bombers that attacked industrial establishments, V-weapon sites, submarine pens, and other targets on the Continent.

In addition the 56th strafed and dive-bombed airfields, troops, and supply points; attacked the enemy communications; and flew counter-air patrols.

The 56th became one of the most outstanding fighter organisations in the Eighth Air Force, producing many of the top fighter aces including Francis Gabreski and Robert S. Johnson. The group was responsible for pioneering most of the successful fighter escort tactics with the Thunderbolt and had many successes while operating from Halesworth.

On 19 April 1944 the group had to vacate the airfield as it was needed for a new B-24 Liberator group and was transferred to RAF Boxted.

489th Bombardment Group (Heavy)

A B-24 Liberator (serial number 42-50437) nicknamed "Apassionata" of the 489th Bomb Group.
Crew of B-24 Liberator "Jamaica". This crew flew 18 missions with the 466th BG before being transferred to the 389th BG for six missions, the 489th BG for three missions and then finishing up with the 492nd BG for the final three missions.

The Eighth Air Force 489th Bombardment Group (Heavy) arrived at RAF Halesworth from Wendover AAF Utah on 1 May 1944. The group was assgned to the 20th Combat Bombardment Wing and the group tail code was a "Circle-W". Its operational squadrons were:

The 489th flew the Consolidated B-24 Liberator as part of the Eighth Air Force's strategic bombing campaign. The group entered combat on 30 May 1944, and during the next few days concentrated on targets in France in preparation for the Normandy invasion.

In an attack against coastal defences near Wimereaux on 5 June 1944, the group's lead plane was seriously crippled by enemy fire, its pilot was killed, and the deputy group commander, Lt. Col. Leon R. Vance Jr., who was commanding the formation, was severely wounded; although his right foot was practically severed, Vance took control of the plane, led the group to a successful bombing of the target, and managed to fly the damaged aircraft to the coast of England, where he ordered the crew to bail out; believing a wounded man had been unable to jump, he ditched the plane in the English Channel and was rescued. For his action during this mission, Vance was awarded the Medal of Honor.

The group supported the landings in Normandy on 6 June 1944, and afterward bombed coastal defences, airfields, bridges, railroads, and V-weapon sites in the campaign for France. Began flying missions into Germany in July, and engaged primarily in bombing strategic targets such as factories, oil refineries and storage plants, marshalling yards, and airfields in Ludwigshafen, Magdeburg, Brunswick, Saarbrücken, and other cities until November 1944.

Other operations included participating in the saturation bombing of German lines just before the breakthrough at Saint-Lô in July, dropping food to the liberated French and to Allied forces in France during August and September, and carrying food and ammunition to the Netherlands later in September.

The 489th Bomb Group returned to Bradley AAF Connecticut in November 1944 to prepare for redeployment to the Pacific theater. Redesignated 489th Bombardment Group (Very Heavy) in March 1945 and was re-equipped with Boeing B-29 Superfortresses. The group was alerted for movement overseas in the summer of 1945, but war with Japan ended before the group left the US. Inactivated on 17 October 1945.

5th Emergency Rescue Squadron

Emblem of the 5th Emergency Rescue Squadron.
Canadian Vickers OA-10A Catalina Serial Number 44-33987 of the 5th ERS. This aircraft was built in Canada under a Navy contract as a PBV-1A, then redesignated when delivered to the USAAF.

In January 1945 the 5th Emergency Rescue Squadron moved to Halesworth from RAF Boxted with special P-47s, OA-10 Catalina amphibians and Boeing SB-17 Fortresses equipped with lifeboats for air-sea rescue work. The 5th ERS remained active, and it conducted many rescues until the end of hostilities.

The airfield was also used until the end of the war as an operational training airfield for North American P-51 Mustang pilots.

Post-war Governmental use

After the war, the Halesworth was closed for flying in February 1946. It was turned over to the Ministry of Food for storage until it was sold in 1963.

Civil use

With the end of governmental control the land was returned to agricultural use and very few wartime buildings remain. Only a few derelict huts and ancillary buildings on some of the dispersed sites. Most of the runways, perimeter track, etc. which remain, like several other airfields are being utilized as a turkey plant with a number of large sheds erected on the runways.

In February 2007 Halesworth was reported as the location for an outbreak of so-called 'bird flu', resulting in the culling of 159,000 turkeys at the Bernard Matthews factory farm that resides on the old runways.

The cockpit section of a C-54 is on display at the old combat mess site which is further along the road from the memorial. A drop tank gives details of the three groups who served at Halesworth airfield during World War II.

In May 1983 the 489th Bomb Group was permanently commemorated by the dedication of a granite memorial which has been erected on a small plot of land at the southern end of the old north-south runway. Adjacent to this is a memorial to the 56th Fighter Group who also flew from Halesworth.

On the wall inside St. Peter's church, Holton there is a plaque in honor of all who flew from this airfield. Kneelers made by 489th Bomb Group veterans' wives are also in this church.

The 489th Bomb Group Museum is sited alongside 93rd Bomb Group Museum at Hardwick, Norfolk. A limited collection of 489th memorabilia is also on display at the 56th Fighter Group Museum which is on the Halesworth site.

See also

References

 This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website http://www.afhra.af.mil/.

Citations

  1. ↑ "Halesworth". American Air Museum in Britain. Retrieved 13 Mar 2015.

Bibliography

Wikimedia Commons has media related to RAF Halesworth.
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 7/23/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.