RIS (file format)

RIS

Filename extension	.ris
Internet media type	application/x-research-info-systems
Type of format	Bibliography

RIS is a standardized tag format developed by Research Information Systems, Incorporated (the format name refers to the company) to enable citation programs to exchange data.^[1] It is supported by a number of reference managers. Many digital libraries, like IEEE Xplore, Scopus, the ACM Portal, Scopemed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink and Rayyan QCRI can export citations in this format. Major reference/citation manager applications, like Zotero, Mendeley, and EndNote can export and import citations in this format.

Format

The RIS file format — two letters, two spaces and a hyphen — is a tagged format for expressing bibliographic citations. According to the specifications,^[2][3] the lines must end with the ASCII carriage return and line feed characters. Note that this is the convention on Microsoft Windows, while in other contemporary operating systems, particularly Unix, end of line is typically marked by line feed only.

Multiple citation records can be present in a single RIS file. A record ends with an "end record" tag (ER - ) with no additional blank lines between records.

Example record

This is an example of how the article "Claude E. Shannon. A mathematical theory of communication. Bell System Technical Journal, 27:379–423, July 1948" would be expressed in the RIS file format:

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shannon, Claude E.
PY  - 1948/07//
TI  - A Mathematical Theory of Communication
T2  - Bell System Technical Journal
SP  - 379
EP  - 423
VL  - 27
ER  - 

Example multi-record format

This is an example of how two citation records would be expressed in a single RIS file. Note the first record ends with "ER - " and the second record begins with "TY - JOUR":

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shannon, Claude E.
PY  - 1948/07//
TI  - A Mathematical Theory of Communication
T2  - Bell System Technical Journal
SP  - 379
EP  - 423
VL  - 27
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
T1  - On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem
A1  - Turing, Alan Mathison
JO  - Proc. of London Mathematical Society
VL  - 47
IS  - 1
SP  - 230
EP  - 265
Y1  - 1937
ER  - 

Tags

Excerpt of main RIS tags. Except for TY and ER, order of tags is free and their inclusion is optional. The content may vary depending on the type of reference.

TY  - Type of reference (must be the first tag)
A1  - First Author
A2  - Secondary Author (each author on its own line preceded by the tag)
A3  - Tertiary Author (each author on its own line preceded by the tag)
A4  - Subsidiary Author (each author on its own line preceded by the tag)
AB  - Abstract
AD  - Author Address
AN  - Accession Number
AU  - Author (each author on its own line preceded by the tag)
AV  - Location in Archives
BT  - This field can contain alphanumeric characters; There is no practical limit to the length of this field.
C1  - Custom 1
C2  - Custom 2
C3  - Custom 3
C4  - Custom 4
C5  - Custom 5
C6  - Custom 6
C7  - Custom 7
C8  - Custom 8
CA  - Caption
CN  - Call Number
CP  - This field can contain alphanumeric characters; There is no practical limit to the length of this field.
CT  - Title of unpublished reference
CY  - Place Published
DA  - Date
DB  - Name of Database
DO  - DOI
DP  - Database Provider
ED  - Editor
EP  - End Page
ET  - Edition
ID  - Reference ID  
IS  - Issue number 
J1  - Periodical name: user abbreviation 1. This is an alphanumeric field of up to 255 characters. 
J2  - Alternate Title (this field is used for the abbreviated title of a book or journal name, the latter mapped to T2)
JA  - Periodical name: standard abbreviation. This is the periodical in which the article was (or is to be, in the case of in-press references) published. This is an alphanumeric field of up to 255 characters. 
JF  - Journal/Periodical name: full format. This is an alphanumeric field of up to 255 characters. 
JO  - Journal/Periodical name: full format. This is an alphanumeric field of up to 255 characters. 
KW  - Keywords (keywords should be entered each on its own line preceded by the tag)
L1  - Link to PDF. There is no practical limit to the length of this field. URL addresses can be entered individually, one per tag or multiple addresses can be entered on one line using a semi-colon as a separator.
L2  - Link to Full-text. There is no practical limit to the length of this field. URL addresses can be entered individually, one per tag or multiple addresses can be entered on one line using a semi-colon as a separator.
L3  - Related Records. There is no practical limit to the length of this field.
L4  - Image(s). There is no practical limit to the length of this field.
LA  - Language
LB  - Label
LK  - Website Link
M1  - Number
M2  - Miscellaneous 2. This is an alphanumeric field and there is no practical limit to the length of this field.
M3  - Type of Work
N1  - Notes
N2  - Abstract. This is a free text field and can contain alphanumeric characters; there is no practical length limit to this field.
NV  - Number of Volumes
OP  - Original Publication
PB  - Publisher
PP  - Publishing Place
PY  - Publication year (YYYY/MM/DD)
RI  - Reviewed Item
RN  - Research Notes
RP  - Reprint Edition
SE  - Section
SN  - ISBN/ISSN
SP  - Start Page
ST  - Short Title
T1  - Primary Title
T2  - Secondary Title (journal title, if applicable)
T3  - Tertiary Title
TA  - Translated Author
TI  - Title
TT  - Translated Title
U1  - User definable 1. This is an alphanumeric field and there is no practical limit to the length of this field.
U2  - User definable 2. This is an alphanumeric field and there is no practical limit to the length of this field.
U3  - User definable 3. This is an alphanumeric field and there is no practical limit to the length of this field.
U4  - User definable 4. This is an alphanumeric field and there is no practical limit to the length of this field.
U5  - User definable 5. This is an alphanumeric field and there is no practical limit to the length of this field.
UR  - URL
VL  - Volume number
VO  - Published Standard number
Y1  - Primary Date
Y2  - Access Date

ER  - End of Reference (must be empty and the last tag)

Type of reference

Type of reference preceded by the TY - tag can abbreviated as follows:

ABST  - Abstract
ADVS  - Audiovisual material
AGGR  - Aggregated Database
ANCIENT - Ancient Text
ART   - Art Work
BILL  - Bill
BLOG  - Blog
BOOK  - Whole book
CASE  - Case
CHAP  - Book chapter
CHART - Chart
CLSWK - Classical Work
COMP  - Computer program
CONF  - Conference proceeding
CPAPER - Conference paper
CTLG  - Catalog
DATA  - Data file
DBASE - Online Database
DICT  - Dictionary
EBOOK - Electronic Book
ECHAP - Electronic Book Section
EDBOOK - Edited Book
EJOUR - Electronic Article
ELEC  - Web Page
ENCYC - Encyclopedia
EQUA  - Equation
FIGURE - Figure
GEN   - Generic
GOVDOC - Government Document
GRANT - Grant
HEAR  - Hearing
ICOMM - Internet Communication
INPR  - In Press
JFULL - Journal (full)
JOUR  - Journal
LEGAL - Legal Rule or Regulation
MANSCPT - Manuscript
MAP   - Map
MGZN  - Magazine article
MPCT  - Motion picture
MULTI - Online Multimedia
MUSIC - Music score
NEWS  - Newspaper
PAMP  - Pamphlet
PAT   - Patent
PCOMM - Personal communication
RPRT  - Report
SER   - Serial publication
SLIDE - Slide
SOUND - Sound recording
STAND - Standard
STAT  - Statute
THES  - Thesis/Dissertation
UNPB  - Unpublished work
VIDEO - Video recording

References

1. The origin of the name RIS was obtained via email from Henry Johnson, a Customer Technical Representative at Scientific Thomson Reuters. Research Information Systems was owned by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI). RIS, the creators of Reference Manager which had also previously bought ProCite from Personal Bibliographic Software Inc, merged with Niles software, the creators of EndNote. The result of the merger was the creation of ISI ResearchSoft, a subsidiary of Thomson Reuters, which produces Reference Manager, EndNote and ProCite. Email date 7/3/08.
2. ResearcherID.com upload help
3. RIS Format Documentation

External links

• RIS file specification at the Wayback Machine (archived May 26, 2012)