Ramat HaShofet
| Ramat HaShofet | |
|---|---|
  Ramat HaShofet | |
| Coordinates: 32°36′38.87″N 35°5′41.64″E / 32.6107972°N 35.0949000°ECoordinates: 32°36′38.87″N 35°5′41.64″E / 32.6107972°N 35.0949000°E | |
| District | Northern |
| Council | Megiddo |
| Affiliation | Kibbutz Movement |
| Founded | 2 November 1941 |
| Founded by | Eastern European Jews |
| Population (2015) | 1,023[1] |
| Website | www.ramathashofet.co.il |
Ramat HaShofet (Hebrew: רָמַת הַשּׁוֹפֵט, lit. The Judge Heights) is a kibbutz in northern Israel. Located in the Menashe Heights, it falls under the jurisdiction of Megiddo Regional Council. In 2015 it had a population of 1,023.
Etymology
"Ramat HaShofet" translates literally as "Heights of the Judge", referencing American federal judge Julian William Mack (1866–1943). Mack was an American Zionist, leader serving as president of the Palestine Endowment Funds, honorary president of the World Jewish Congress, president of the American Jewish Congress, Zionist Organization of America, and various other organizations. He attended the Versailles Conference as an advocate for a Jewish state in Palestine.[2]
History
British rule
In 1934 two gar'ins of Hashomer Hatzair movement, Mitzpe HaSharon from Lithuania and LaShihrur from Poland arrived to Mandatory Palestine and sent to Mishmar HaEmek for qualifications. Mitzpe HaSharon was sent to work in Ra'anana while LaShihrur was sent to Rehovot.[3][4]
Mitzpe HaSharon
The Gar'in of Mitzpe HaSharon (lit. "Sharon lookout") was settled on a 20 duman hill owned by the Jewish National Fund some 4 kilometers from Ra'anana. The small kibbutz, which has 80 members in 1937 operated a vegetable farm, but it could not provide work for all of the members, so they also worked in Ra'anana and Kfar Nahman (today part of Ra'anana). The small kibbutz had no road connection and was surrounded by land owned by Arabs.[5] In 1940, 60 members of the kibbutz worked in Ra'anana.[6]
LaShihrur
The gar'in of LaShihrur (lit. "To Liberation") settled on a hill near Rehovot's railway station. The kibbutz had bad trasportation and the residents received complaints due to their work close to the railway.[7] The elders of the small kibbutz worked in Rehovot and their children studied in there as well. In 1943, before the departure of all the members to Ramat HaShofet, the kibbutz had 186 members, including 46 children.[8]
Establishment and early years
The two groups united and established the kibbutz on 2 November 1941 with support from Keren Hayesod, on land owned by the Jewish National Fund.[3] Jews from Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania and Argentina later joined the kibbutz.[3][9] The kibbutz was established first by a group of 20 members who arrived and started working the land.[10]
In the early years the members worked to clear and prepare the ground for agriculture. They developed good relations with the Arab village of al-Rihaniyya.[11] In 1942 the first permanent structures were built and in 1943 a carpentry workshop was built. In that same year, the rest of LaShihrur came from Rehovot and settled in the new kibbutz.[8][12] After al-Rihaniyya became depopulated in the 1948 Palestine war, Ramat HaShofet and Ein HaEmek have used its lands.[13]
State of Israel
In 1954 the kibbutz was connected to the national water supply system run by Mekorot.[14]
Notable residents
References
- ↑ "List of localities, in Alphabetical order" (PDF). Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
- ↑ Julian William Mack. History of the Sixth Circuit. Retrieved March 13, 2010.
- 1 2 3 Hareuveni, Immanuel; Eretz Yisrael Lexicon; Ministry of Education p.880
- ↑ "רמת השופט - קיבוץ [Ramat HaShofet Kibbutz]". Israeli Labour Movement.
- ↑ "מצפה השרון [Mitzpe HaSharon]". Davar (in Hebrew). 24 April 1937.
- ↑ "From the Workers' Committee of Ra'anana's actions". Davar. 17 October 1940.
- ↑ "שוללים מהם זכות מעבר [Rejecting their passage rights]". Davar (in Hebrew). 4 June 1941.
- 1 2 "קיבוץ "לשחרור" עובר לרמת השופט [Kibbutz "LaShihrur" moves to Ramat HaShofet]". Davar. 13 May 1943.
- ↑ A Place-Guide To Israel (Special ed.). Carta. January 1979. p. 174.
- ↑ "רמת השופט בת י"ג [Ramat HaShofet is 13 years old]". Al HaMishmar (in Hebrew). 25 November 1954.
- ↑ "רמת השופט [Ramat HaShofet]". Megiddo Regional Council website.
- ↑ "קיבוץ רמת השופט ("לשחרור") [Kibbutz Ramat HaShofet ("LaShihrur")]". Davar. 4 May 1943.
- ↑ Khalidi, Walid (1992). All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948. Washington D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies. p. 185. ISBN 0-88728-224-5.
- ↑ "History". Ramat HaShofet website.