Ramzan Kadyrov

Ramzan Kadyrov
Рамзан Кадыров

Kadyrov in 2014
Head of the Chechen Republic
Assumed office
5 March 2011
Acting: 5 April 2016 – 18 September 2016
Preceded by position established
President of the Chechen Republic
In office
5 April 2007 – 5 March 2011
Acting: 15 February 2007 – 5 April 2007
Preceded by Alu Alkhanov
Succeeded by position abolished
Prime Minister of the Chechen Republic
In office
4 March 2006 – 10 April 2007
Acting: 18 November 2005 – 4 March 2006
Preceded by Sergey Abramov
Succeeded by Odes Baysultanov
First Deputy Prime Minister of the Chechen Republic
In office
10 May 2004 – 18 November 2005[1]
Succeeded by Odes Baysultanov[2]
Personal details
Born Ramzan Akhmadovich Kadyrov
(1976-10-05) 5 October 1976
Tsentaroy, Chechen-Ingush ASSR, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
Political party United Russia
Spouse(s) Medni Musaevna Kadyrova
Children 12[3][4]
Religion Sunni Islam[5] Qadiriyya Sufi[6]
Awards


Other awards
Signature
Military service
Allegiance Russia
Service/branch Russian Armed Forces
Rank Major General

Ramzan Akhmadovich Kadyrov (Russian: Рамза́н Ахма́дович Кады́ров; IPA: [rɐˈmzan ɐxˈmadəvʲɪtɕ kɐˈdɨrəf], Chechen: Къадар Ахьмат-кIант Рамзан, Q̇adar Aẋmat-khant Ramzan; born 5 October 1976) is the Head of the Chechen Republic and a former part of the Chechen independence movement.

He is the son of former Chechen President Akhmad Kadyrov, who was assassinated in May 2004. In February 2007, Kadyrov replaced Alu Alkhanov as President, shortly after he had turned 30, which is the minimum age for the post. He was engaged in violent power struggles with Chechen government warlords Sulim Yamadayev and Said-Magomed Kakiev for overall military authority, and with Alu Alkhanov for political authority.

He has come under heavy criticism from the international press and Russia, due to alleged human rights violations, corruption, theft of public funds and protection of criminals of Chechen origin.[7]

Ramzan Kadyrov is an honorary member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences (Российская Академия Естественных Наук, not to be confused with the Russian Academy of Sciences).[8] He founded the Akhmat Fight Club and in honor of his adopted annual freestyle wrestling international tournament Ramzan Kadyrov & Adlan Varayev Cup. Since November 2015 he is a member of the Advisory Commission of the State Council of the Russian Federation[9][10]

Biography

Early life

He was born in Tsentaroy, RSFSR, USSR. He was the second son in Akhmat and Aimani Kadyrovs' family and their youngest child. He had an elder brother called Zelimkhan (1974—31 May 2004) and he has two elder sisters Zargan (born 1971) and Zulay (born 1972). A reckless and impetuous person at school, Kadyrov strove to gain the respect of his father Akhmad Kadyrov, who was an imam. He claims that he always emulated his father. He enjoys boxing and once met with former heavyweight boxing champion Mike Tyson.[11] In the early 1990s, as the Soviet Union splintered into fragments, the Chechens launched a bid for independence. During the First Chechen War, together with his father, he fought against Russian armed forces.[12] After the war, Ramzan was the personal driver and bodyguard of his father Akhmad, who became the separatist mufti of Chechnya.[13]

Militia leader

Main article: Kadyrovtsy

The Kadyrovtsy were formed during the First Chechen War when Akhmad Kadyrov launched the jihad against Russia. The Kadyrov clan defected to the Moscow side at the beginning of the Second Chechen War in 1999. Since then, Kadyrov led his militia with support from Russia's FSB state security service (including service ID cards) becoming the head of the Chechen Presidential Security Service.[14] The militia later became known as the Kadyrovites.

He was falsely rumoured to have died of a gunshot wound inflicted by his bodyguard on 28 April 2004.[15]

Deputy Prime Minister

From left to right: President Alu Alkhanov, Russian President Vladimir Putin, and Kadyrov at the first session of the Chechen Parliament in December 2005.

After his father, then President, was assassinated on 9 May 2004, Ramzan was appointed as the First Deputy Prime Minister of the Chechen Republic on 10 May 2004.[16]

When his sister was detained by the Dagestan police in January 2005, Ramzan and some 150 armed men drove to the Khasavyurt City Police (GOVD) building. According to the city mayor, Kadyrov's men surrounded the GOVD, forcing its duty officers against a wall, and assaulted them, after which they left the building with Zulai Kadyrova, "victoriously shooting in the air."[17]

In August 2005, Ramzan declared that "Europe's largest mosque" would be built in place of the demolished ruins of Grozny's shattered downtown.[18] He also claimed that Chechnya is the "most peaceful place in Russia" and in a few years it would also be "the wealthiest and the most peaceful" place in the world. He said that the war was already over with only 150 "bandits" remaining (as opposed to the official figures of 700 to 2,000 rebel fighters), and that thanks to his father, 7,000 separatists had already defected to the Russian side since 1999. When responding to a question on how he is going to "avenge the murder of his father", Ramzan said:

I've already killed him, whom I ought to kill. And those, who stay behind him, I will be killing them, to the very last of them, until I am myself killed or jailed. I will be killing [them] for as long as I live... Putin is gorgeous. He thinks more about Chechnya than about any other republic [of the Russian Federation]. When my father was murdered, he [Putin] came and went to the cemetery in person. Putin has stopped the war. Putin should be made president for life. Strong rule is needed. Democracy is all but an American fabrication... Russians never obey their laws. Everyone was stealing, and only Khodorkovsky is in jail.[19][20][21]

He remained the First Deputy Prime Minister until November 2005.[1]

Acting Prime Minister

Following a car accident in November 2005, in which Chechnya's prime minister Sergey Abramov was injured, Ramzan was appointed as the caretaker prime minister on 18 November 2005. He immediately proceeded to implement elements of Sharia law, such as declaring a ban on gambling and alcohol production.[22][23]

In February 2006, responding to the publication of the Mohammed cartoons, he accused the Danes of "spying" and being "pro-terrorist". He also banned Danish citizens from entering Chechnya, effectively banning activity of the Danish Refugee Council, the largest NGO working in the region. Kadyrov is quoted as saying, "That cartoonist needs to be buried alive." He was eventually pressed to overturn this decision by Moscow, a rare example of federal intervention in Kadyrov's rule in the republic.[24]

Prime Minister

On 1 March 2006, Sergey Abramov resigned from the position of prime minister and told Itar-Tass news agency that he did so "on the condition that Ramzan Kadyrov lead the Chechen government." This was followed by a decree of Kadyrov forcing women to wear headscarves; he also rejected a federal appropriation of the republic's budget, demanding more money, and called for all federal forces but the border guards to be withdrawn.

Kadyrov was appointed as the Prime Minister of the Chechen Republic by Alkhanov on 4 March 2006.[25] Shortly after taking office, Kadyrov approved a project to erect a presidential palace on a 30-acre (120,000 m2) plot by the Sunzha River in ruined downtown Grozny. The project, which was also to include a five-star hotel and recreational facilities, was estimated to cost around 1.5 billion rubles ($54 million USD) to build. Later, Kadyrov called for refugee camps scattered across Chechnya to be closed down, calling the refugees "international spies who are interested in stoking conflict between Chechnya and Russia, who are seeking to destabilise the situation in our region". Reuters quoted him as saying that "liquidating the refugee camps will allow us to uncover spies who are working for foreign intelligence services".[26] His cousin Odes Baysultanov was appointed to the position of First Deputy Prime Minister by Alkhanov on 6 March 2006 after being unanimously approved by the Chechen Parliament.[2][27]

On 5 June 2006, Speaker of the Chechen People's Assembly Dukvakha Abdurakhmanov said at a press conference in Moscow that "there is no alternative" to Kadyrov for the presidency; Kadyrov has "exclusive awards in combat, and has made achievements in improving the peaceful life and in human rights protection. Who could replace him at this stage? Nobody," he said. Later that year, Umar Dzhabrailov, Chechnya’s representative in the Federation Council and a close ally of Kadyrov's, urged Dukvakha Abdurakhmanov to initiate a measure calling on Kadyrov to become the republic’s president, thereby replacing Alu Alkhanov.[28] The following week, several Russian newspapers reported that a worsening security situation in Chechnya was lessening the likelihood that Kadyrov would replace Alu Alkhanov as the republic's president. Other media, however, reported that Kadyrov continued to strengthen his position at Alkhanov's expense.[29]

On 6 December 2006, Kadyrov said he that he would seek the prosecution of the commanders of federal military units responsible for the death or disappearance of civilians in Chechnya (specifically Major General Aleksandr Studenikin). In addition, Kadyrov said the war in Chechnya was unleashed not by the Chechen people but by the Russian leadership. Kadyrov's comments may have represented his government’s increasing unhappiness with certain figures in Moscow, who were said to be blocking his elevation to the post of Chechen president.[30] In 2006, leaked cables from an American diplomat recounted a lavish wedding attended by Kadyrov in Russia's Caucasus region in which guests threw $100 bills at child dancers, and which had nighttime "water-scooter jaunts on the Caspian Sea", and a report that Ramzan Kadyrov gave the newly married couple a "five-kilo lump of gold".[31]

On 5 February 2007, Kadyrov said he did not aspire to become the Chechen president; however, he criticised Alkhanov. Kadyrov also claimed the war in Chechnya was ultimately finished, with "all informal armed groups eliminated". Alkhanov, for his part, criticised "the cult of personality and idealisation of one person", a clear reference to Kadyrov, whose enormous portraits are prominently displayed in Grozny.

President of the Chechen Republic

Kadyrov (right) with Russian President Vladimir Putin.

On 15 February 2007, Putin signed a decree removing Alkhanov and installing Kadyrov as Chechen's acting president.[32] On 2 March 2007, following Putin's nomination of Kadyrov as Chechen president, the Chechen parliament approved the nomination.[33] In the following days, serious changes took place in the administrative setup of the republic, affecting both the top- and middle-ranking officials. Former deputy prime minister Odes Baysultanov (a cousin of Kadyrov's) was elevated to the vacant post of prime minister. Critics allege that Ramzan Kadyrov is actively building his own "vertical of power" in the republic, and encouraging nepotism by placing men of the Beno clan in all the leading and important positions.

A Russian daily, Gazeta, reported that according to a poll conducted by the independent Levada Center, only 33 percent of Russians believe that Ramzan Kadyrov can be trusted, while 35 percent believed that he cannot. Asked whether they thought Kadyrov could normalise the situation in Chechnya and end the bloodshed there, 31 percent said yes and 38 percent said no.[34]

On 14 March 2007, Kadyrov said that human rights abuses were "a thing of the past" in his republic, rejecting new charges of torture made by the Council of Europe. Two days later he accused the federal authorities of torturing detainees. On 19 March 2007, Kadyrov vowed to put an end to all remaining guerilla activity in Chechnya within two months. On 5 April 2007, Kadyrov was sworn in as President of Chechnya.[35] He appoined his maternal cousin Odes Baysultanov as the Prime Minister of the republic on 10 April.[27][36]

After the car-bomb attack on Yunus-bek Yevkurov, president of the neighbouring Republic of Ingushetia on 22 June 2009, Kadyrov claimed that the Kremlin had ordered him to fight insurgents there, and during his subsequent visit to the republic on 24 June pledged ruthless vengeance.[37]

In late December 2009, Kadyrov claimed that remaining rebels were getting financed by "The West"; "I officially declare this: those who destroyed the Soviet Union, those who want to destroy the Russian Federation, they stand behind them". He also suggested that Russia should attack Georgia and Ukraine "It's Russia's private affliction; why should we always suffer if we can eradicate this for good?".[38] In early August 2010, Kadyrov had claimed that there were only 70 Islamist militants left in Chechyna.[39] In the same month, he proposed changing the title of President of the Chechen Republic to Head of the Chechen Republic. On 12 August, also called upon presidents of all North Caucusus republics to petition the State Duma to change their titles, stating that there should only be one president in Russia. The Chechen parliament unanimously approved this change on 2 September.[40] However, Speaker of the Chechen Parliament Dukvakha Abdurakhmanov stated on the next day that the title will be retained until the end of Kadyrov's term in April 2011.[41]

In February 2011, he invited the players of Brazil's 2002 FIFA World Cup winning team to play a match against a Chechen football team led by Kadyrov. The Brazilian team was named as Brazil XI. In addition, Ruud Gullit was hired by Kadyrov to train FC Terek Grozny.[42]

Attempts at consolidation of the Chechen nation

As reported by the Caucasian Knot, an independent human rights resource, on 5 February 2009, "in the course of his meeting in Grozny with Ramzan Ampukaev, representative of the Chechen Diaspora in Europe, Ramzan Kadyrov invited former militants, now living in Europe, to come back home":

"Now, the situation in the republic has stabilized, we witness a steady economic growth, and there's no sense for people to leave. And those who are already abroad, can always come back. We'll help them in every possible way," said Mr. Kadyrov. "All sorts of Emirs and former participants of illegal armed formations, who are now in Europe and whose actions were not aggravated by bloody crimes, have two alternatives: either to come back and serve for the welfare of their homeland, or stay there until the end of their days."[43]

Tsentory and Chechen Parliament attacks

In 2010, two large scale attacks were carried out by Chechen insurgents, one in Kadyrov's home-village Tsentory and the other on Chechen Parliament in Grozny.[44][45] The assault on Tsentory which occurred on 29 August is considered to have "shattered" the image of Kadyrov's unshakeable rule in Chechnya, as it was the first time in six years that his seemingly impregnable village had come under attack.[39][46] On 2 September, Ramzan Kadyrov announced a reward of more than $300,000 for information about each of the insurgency leaders involved in the operation, which Chechen commentators interpreted as an indicator of the government's weakness. Kadyrov also tightened his control over information coming from Tsentoroy by not allowing any of the village's 5,000 inhabitants to leave in the days after the attack; the citizenry were also allegedly under the threat of death not to talk about the siege or the damage inflicted by the rebels.[46] The attack on the Chechen parliament was carried out by three Chechen rebels on 19 October 2010.[47] Kadyrov dressed in a parade uniform attended a meeting that was held a few hours after all the buildings of the parliament were declared cleared by the special forces. During the meeting, he apologised to the politicians who escaped unhurt from the attack. Kadyrov vowed to intensify the fight against militants in the republic, calling them "bandits". He also blamed the United Kingdom and Poland saying they were "harbouring criminals. Why do they shield bandits who have shed blood where there is western democracy? Where is the justice? ... Sooner or later Zakayev, Gakayev, Umarov, Vadalov and other criminals will get what they deserve ... I have no doubt that it was the drunk and alcoholic Akhmed Zakayev and his backers in London and other western capitals. I want to say that they will not achieve anything. The Chechen republic is still standing. It is a peaceful and stable region."[48][49]

Head of the Chechen Republic

Kadyrov was nominated by Russian President Dmitry Medvedev on 28 February 2011 and was unanimously elected for a second term by the Chechen Parliament on 5 March 2011. After his election, he stated that he was going to continue the current course of reviving the republic's economy and society.[50]

On 8 March, he captained a Chechen football team which included current players of FC Terek Grozny, former players of Soviet Union national football team and former German midfielder Lothar Matthaeus in a match against the team Brazil XI which included ex-Brazilian footballers like Romario, Dunga, Bebeto and Cafu. Kadyrov scored twice during the match but his team lost 6–4 to the Brazilian side. Kadyrov said that he had the organised the match to show that Chechnya had recovered from years of separatist conflict. He also said that the Brazilians weren't paid to appear but came out of goodwill and in return for a donation to flood victims in Brazil.[51]

Kadyrov was sworn in as head of the republic for a second term on 5 April.[52] In November 2012, he visited Azerbaijan to sign intergovernmental agreements.[53] In December 2012, he ordered the closure of the newspaper Kadyrov's Path after one of its reporters asked Putin a question about the violence once focused in Chechnya spreading to other republics and followed it up by asking about the fate of a local radio station. Kadyrov had reportedly taken a disliking to the question asked by the reporter to Putin.[54]

Kadyrov termed former Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych's ouster as a "coup d'etat" and a deliberate attempt to exert pressure on Russia through Ukraine, however at the same time placed the blame on Yanukovych for the situation in Ukraine. On 28 February he affirmed his readiness to dispatch peacekeepers and a consignment of humanitarian aid to Crimea.[55]

After the 2014 Grozny bombing, in which ISIL's hand was suspected, he said that he might block internet in Chechnya as anyone could easily find and listen to a sermon by a jihadist. After Kadyrov went on a tirade against ISIL on Instagram for threatening Russia, ISIL commander Omar al-Shishani put a $5 million bounty on him.[56]

On 26 May 2015 he announced that he was going to star in a Hollywood thriller titled Whoever Doesn't Understand Will Get It which will be directed by a director of famous Hollywood films and also feature global film-stars.[57][58] Kadyrov in July 2015 denied that ISIL had any territory in Chechnya and claimed that they never will.[59] During an interview in October 2015, he suggested that Putin should send Chechen special forces to Syria claiming they will wipe out ISIL in weeks.[60] On 3 December he promised revenge against ISIL for beheading of Magomed Khasiev.[61] On 8 February 2016, he claimed that Chechen special forces had infiltrated ISIL cells.[62]

Kadyrov announced on 27 February 2016 that he would step down at the end of his second term, which was set to expire on 5 April. However, he later decided to run in the elections that were to be held that September. Putin appointed him as the acting head of Chechnya until the elections in a decree signed on 25 March.[63][64] He held a meeting with Saudi prince Mohammed bin Salman's deputy Ahmed al-Khatib on 8 May relating to Saudi Arabia investing in projects in Chechnya and declared that relations between Russia and Saudi Arabia were at an "all-time high".[65]

Kadyrov launched his reality show titled The Team with the first episode being aired by Channel One on 30 June. People from across Russia were invited by Kadyrov to register for the contest. The winner of the contest will go on to become head of Chechnya's Agency for Strategic Development.[66][67]

On 18 September 2016, Kadyrov was re-elected with nearly 98% of the vote.[68]

Chechen economic recovery and reconstruction

On 4 March 2006, Dukhvakha Abdurakhmanov, chair of the Chechen People's Assembly, stated that Kadyrov "has proven his capability to govern the economy, not only the power structures."[69] The Chair of the Assembly also said that in a few months the republic had fulfilled more objectives than the republic's federal economic enterprise had undertaken to fulfill in the initial five years of reconstruction in Chechnya.[69] Abdurakhmanov noted that Kadyrov's management had already successfully completed the reconstruction of two large Grozny avenues, had repaired the local roads, was intensively conducting reconstruction work, building new mosques, sports centers, and hospitals.[69]

In 2006, the production of Chechnya's industry increased by 11.9%.[70] In 2007, the rate of growth was 26.4%.[70]

In February 2010, head of the British delegation of the Human Rights Group Lord Judd, formerly "bitterly critical of the Russian authorities for the situation in Chechnya", pointed out a striking change for the better in the Russian North Caucasus republic.[71] Judd said that changes which occurred since his visit as a member of PACE delegation in 2000 were "so overwhelming that sometimes you forget about what happened here until quite recently".

According to a 2016 report by Russian opposition leader Ilya Yashin, Kadyrov collected enormous wealth, primarily through theft of federal subsidies for Chechnya. Between 2001 and 2014 Chechnya has received over 464 billion roubel in subsidies, grants and donations with federal subsidies accounting for 80% of the republic's budget (and this does not include funds allocated for infrastructure managed at federal level such as roads). However, the administration of Chechnya is being criticized for spending public funds for their personal benefit — in 2010 Dmitry Medvedev noted that "federal funds often do not reach people; we know where they disappear; it is obvious-they are being stolen". For example, the fleet of official vehicles in Chechnya accounts for half of all official vehicles in all Northern Caucasus republics. Public funds are being funnelled through Akhmad Kadyrov Foundation, which — while being registered as a charity — has never produced or published any financial reports as required by Russian law. These violations are ignored by Russian Ministry of Justice, which in many cases has enforced them very strictly against other charities. The foundation operates a building company that services most of the publicly procured infrastructure projects in the republic and also collects a fee from all working citizens of Chechnya, ranging from 10 to 30% of their earnings, raising 3–4 billion roubles per year this way. Kadyrov himself declares annual income of 4.84 million roubles (2015), which is inconsistent with his lavish life-style, luxury vehicles, watches, race horses and mansions.[7]

2009 assassination attempt

An assassination attempt on Kadyrov and a parliament member Adam Delimkhanov was averted on 23 October 2009, by the police. Chechen Deputy interior minister Roman Edilov said the police shot dead the driver of a speeding car filled with a 200-litre tanker after firing warning shots shortly before Kadyrov was to arrive at a construction site. The driver of the car was later identified as a militant leader (so-called Urus-Martan emir Beslan Bashtayev).[72][73] Said-Emi Khizriev, who played a role in organising the attack, was killed by Russian police who tried to arrest him in the Michurin village in Grozny.[74] Khizriev planned and took part in explosions at two gas stations in Gudermes in the spring of the previous year, as well as in an armed attack at a sport club in the city.

Accusations of human rights abuses

Kadyrov has been personally implicated in several instances of torture and murder. A number of Chechens opposed to Kadyrov have been assassinated abroad, and several witnesses (including Artur Kurmakaev and Ruslan Khalidov) report the existence of a 300 name "Murder List". Chechens who have been murdered, where Kadyrov's involvement is suspected, include Movladi Baisarov and Ruslan Yamadaev (both Moscow); Sulim Yamadaev (Dubai); Gazhi Edilsutanov, Islam Dzahnibekov, Ali Osaev (Istanbul); and Umar Israilov (Vienna).[75]

Kadyrov stated in December 2009 that he had personally helped many of the murder victims and their families and was not their enemy. "I don't want to kill, who did I fight? I fought terrorists. Who did I protect? I protected the whole of Russia so that people in Moscow or St. Petersburg...could live in peace. They accuse me of killing women and children. It's not true."[38]

Social media

Networks

The number of subscribers to Kadyrov's social networks is more than three million people, including two million followers of his Instagram account, according to the Chechen leader's press service. It said that he had 500,000 followers on the Russian VK social network, 760,860 on Facebook, 331,000 on Twitter and 5,447 on LiveJournal. Besides his Instagram postings, it was said that he had also made almost 5,000 on Twitter and 2,300 on VK. The Russian News Agency TASS said that Kadyrov had been "recognized as the most quoted Russian blogger."[104]

In August 2016, The Wall Street Journal reported that Kadyrov had posted nearly 8,000 pictures on Instagram, which made him the online mobile photo-sharing, video-sharing, and social networking service's "most prolific political strongman."[105]

The New York Times called Kadyrov's Instagram account "bizarre if strangely compelling",[106] and Newsweek said it was "flashy."[107] In a 2015 article, The New York Times said that Kadyrov was "Instagram-addicted."[108]

The Russian programme director of Human Rights Watch said in an October 2016 article in The Guardian that "even the mildest criticism on social media [is] ruthlessly punished through unlawful, punitive detention, enforced disappearances, cruel and degrading treatment, death threats, threats against family members, and physical abuse of family members." She said that a social worker from a small town in Chechnya made a WhatsApp recording that went viral among Chechen users "imploring" Kadyrov "to look into the plight of ordinary people pushed below the poverty line" by local officials. The article stated that the woman, with her husband, "found herself hauled into the studio of Grozny TV, the state television and radio broadcaster" to face Kadyrov in person, "to apologise publicly for her 'lies.'" A "severe and sweeping repression by the local authorities is designed to remind the Chechen public of Kayrov's total control," the article claimed.[109]

WhatsApp Lecture

In May 2015, Kadyrov gave a stern televised lecture to a group of Chechen men and women who stood accused of using the WhatsApp messaging service to comment on the impending marriage of local police chief to a teenage girl some three decades younger than him. The wedding had been widely discussed across Russia on reports that the young woman, Kheda Goylabiyeva, was being coerced into marriage with the chief, Nazhud Guchigov.[108]

"Behave like Chechens", Kadyrov was reported as telling the assemblage of about a dozen people standing in the marbled courtyard of a building that seemed to be his government palace. "Honor of the family is the most important thing. Don't write such things any more. You, men, keep your women away from WhatsApp."[108][110] In its coverage of the incident, The New York Times reported:

"Lock them in, do not let them go out, and they will not post anything", Mr. Kadyrov said in a video to a sheepish group of men and women who kept their arms folded across their chests and their eyes firmly on the ground during the harangue.[110]

In December 2015, a female Chechen social worker criticised Kadyrov in an audio message posted on WhatsApp, after her boss tried to force her to put aside some money as collateral for her next month's payment. Three days after posting the message, she appeared on Grozny TV along with her husband, where she was publicly berated by Kadyrov as well as parliament speaker Magomed Daudov, presidential administration head Islam Kadyrov and her boss. The couple apologised on live television for her message.[111]

John Oliver

In May 2016, Kadyrov engaged in what the Daily Mail called a "bizarre social media clash." He had posted a message on Instagram asking for help in finding his cat, which had gone astray. The posting led comedian John Oliver to make a five-minute segment on HBO's Last Week Tonight dealing with the cat's disappearance and, according to The Guardian, Kadyrov's penchant for posting of, for example, "regular videos of his work-outs in the gym," also on Instagram. As well, Oliver teased Kadyrov "for his propensity" to wear T-shirts bearing the image of Russian President Vladimir Putin. After the show, Oliver posted a photo of himself holding a cat, captioned "@RKadyrov Is this your cat?"[112]

Kadyrov responded with a "slightly fractured" post in English, according to The New York Times – or a "rambling" one, according to the Daily Mail – along with a doctored photo of Oliver wearing a Putin T-shirt, captioned, in part, "I am tired of jokes. I want to care for cats in Chechnya. By the way, Putin is our leader."[106][113]

Other issues

Sauna video

On 12 March 2006, a Chechen separatist website posted a short video shot on a mobile phone of a party in a sauna involving two alleged prostitutes and several men, including one who looked and sounded like Ramzan Kadyrov, seen dancing with a young, half-naked woman and trying to rip her bra off. Another man then starts masturbating in front of them.[114] Andrew Osborn, Moscow reporter for the Independent, reported that "Mr Kadyrov's aides have laughed off the grainy video ... as a 'provocation'".[114][115]

Call to quarantine proceeds of horse race

On 3 November 2009, a horse owned by Ramzan Kadyrov, Mourilyan, came third in the Melbourne Cup winning about US$380,000 in prize money. The leader of the Australian Greens, Senator Bob Brown, immediately called for the Government of Australia to quarantine the prize money until assurances are received as to how the money will be used. Concerns had been previously raised that the Melbourne Cup could be used to launder money by overseas individuals.[116]

Honor killings

In 2009, Kadyrov stated his approval of honor killings, based on the belief that women are the property of their husbands.[117]

Wikileaks

On 28 November 2010, a classified Wikileaks cable named Kadyrov as a "starring guest" at some of Dagestan's most elaborate weddings, which indicates the political "Caucasus power structure" in these weddings.[118] In 2006, leaked cables from an American diplomat recounted a lavish wedding attended by Kadyrov in Russia's Caucasus region in which guests threw $100 bills at child dancers, and which had nighttime "water-scooter jaunts on the Caspian Sea", and a report that Ramzan Kadyrov gave the newly married couple a "five-kilo lump of gold".[31]

Charlie Hebdo cartoons

In January 2015, Kadyrov said he would organize protests if a Russian newspaper published the Charlie Hebdo cartoons, saying "we will not allow anyone to insult the prophet, even if it will cost us our lives."[119]

Polygamy

Kadyrov firmly supports polygamy in Muslim-majority republics in Russia. According to him it would be more honest than having lots of mistresses, it would resolve Russia's demographic problem, and if someone speaks against polygamy then he is not a Muslim.[120]

Boston Marathon bombing

After the Boston Marathon bombing, Kadyrov expressed sadness for the victims but denied the suspects had any ties to his region in a statement on his Instagram. He suggested that the suspects were products of American upbringing.[121] Kadyrov accused the CIA of framing Dzokhar Tsarnaev on 18 March 2015, after he was handed a death sentence for the Boston Marathon Bombing and said that they could not have conducted the bombing without CIA's knowledge.[122]

Threats to opposition politicians

On 31 January 2016, Kadyrov posted a video of Russian opposition politicians Mikhail Kasyanov and Vladimir Vladimirovich Kara-Murza in the crosshairs of a gun on his Instagram blog.[123][124] In a few days after multiple complaints Instagram removed the video prompting Kadyrov to criticize the decision: "This is the much-boasted freedom of speech in America! You can write anything but cannot touch those American dogs, those friends of the Congress and the State Department".[125]

Report by Ilya Yashin

Russian opposition leader Ilya Yashin authored a report against Kadyrov released on 23 February 2016 during a press conference which was repeatedly interrupted by police and hecklers. He also claimed that Kadyrov had murdered Boris Nemtsov. The report titled A National Security Threat claimed that Kadyrov poses a threat to Russia. It included allegations of corruption, authoritarian rule, secret prisons, rigging votes in favour of Vladimir Putin, stealing from the country's national budget to enrich himself, enforcing Sharia law over Russian law, his lavish lifestyle, building and maintaining a personal army of about 30,000 fighters, purported ties to organised crime figures, and his involvement in politically motivated murders of journalists, human rights activists and political opponents. The report also contained 20 questions which Yashin had invited Kadyrov to answer but was refused. Kadyrov dismissed the report calling it "nothing but idle chatter" and posted it on his social network accounts before its release.[126][127][128] His spokesman filed a request with the Russian Prosecutor General and the Investigative Committee for Yashin to be arrested for the report saying it contained slander and insults against Kadyrov.[129]

Grozny fatwa

A conference of Islamic scholars funded by the Tabah foundation in the United Arab Emirates, was convened by Kadyrov in Grozny in late August 2016. The conference was attended by notable Islamic scholars including the Grand Imam of Al-Azhar Ahmed el-Tayeb, Grand Mufti of Egypt Shawki Allam, ex-Grand Mufti of Egypt Ali Gomaa, Usama al-Azhari who is the religious adviser to Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, Habib Ali al-Jifri, and the mufti of Damascus Abdul Fattah al-Bizm.The conference was convened to discuss the alleged abuse of Islamic ideas to propagate extremism and to establish the criteria for determining who are the true followers of the Sunnah. The assembly of scholars issued a fatwa which declared that those who abide by the Kalam, belong to the four madhhabs and follow the path of moral self-perfection espoused by distinguished Islamic teachers, primarily the Sufi sheikhs, were the only true believers. The fatwa called the sect of Salafism as a "dangerous and erroneous contemporary sect", along with the extremist groups like Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, Hizb ut-Tahrir and Habashis. The conference also issued two further documents. In the first one, it appealed to President Vladimir Putin to ban Salafism and term any condemnation of "traditional Islam" as "extremism". It also proposed the fatwa be regarded as the considered opinion of "leading Russian experts" when evaluating the activity of Muslim organizations and the preaching of individual clerics. The second one issued a resolution calling for the establishment of a Council for Islamic Education and also a Council of Ulema, which would rule on who is and is not a true follower of Sunni Islam.[130][131][132]

The ruling created a controversy, with both Islamic theologians and secular commentators condemning it, with some seeing it as a bid by Kadyrov to divide Russian Muslims into those who accept the importance he places on teachings of the Sufi brotherhoods as well as proabaly also what he considers as "traditional Islam" without question, and those who don't with "erroneous" views. Many of the key participants also disavowed the resolutions. Mukkadas Bibarsov, mufti of Saratov Oblast stated that the question of who was a true follower of Sunni Islam was resolved "centuries ago". He also added that the fatwa failed to take into account the crucial differences between Russia’s Muslims, specifically that some Muslim communities did not follow Sufism. Liz Fuller writing for Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty commented that the fatwa seemed to be giving permission to Kadyrov to take any action he likes to punish those whose religious views don't match with his own. Yaroslav Trofimov writing for the Wall Street Journal described it as a "new fracture emerging within Islam". Many Saudi clerics and citzens expressed outrage at the fatwa on social media. The Muslim Brotherhood expressed "deep sorrow" over the fatwa, stating that it “ignited fires of discord among Muslims around the world.”[130][131][132]

Mixed martial arts tournament involving child fighters

A mixed martial arts tournament involving children was held as an "exhibition fight" on 4 October during the Grand Prix Akhmat 2016 in Grozny and broadcast on Match TV. Ramzan's three sons, all of whom are aged under-12, fought in the tournament with Ramzan sitting in the audience and none of the fighters wore any protective gear. One of the fights ended with a technical knockout. He also posted images of the bouts on his Instagram account. The event caused an outcry especially against Ramzan allowing his children to compete in the tournament. Fedor Emelianenko, the president of Russian MMA Union, criticised the event as "inexcusable", stating that rules stipulate fighters under the age of 21 have to wear protective gear while children under the age of 12 are not allowed to compete. Vadim Finkelstein, the head of MMA promotion M-1 Global also backed Fedor's comments. Dmitry Peskov, the spokesperson for President Putin, stated that the fact that one of the fights between the children finished with a technical knockout was “a reason for the appropriate oversight agencies to inquire about this incident.” Deputy Minsiter of Sports Pavel Kolobkov stated that participation of children under the age of 12 in MMA competitions was illegal while stating that the incident was being investigated. Sports Minister Vitaly Mutko also stated that the event will be investigated. MMA fighter Jeff Monson however backed the organisers stating that there was nothing wrong with it.[133][134][135][136][137][138]

Several Chechen officials responded to Fedor's criticism with insults and accusations including Timur Dugazayev, general director of Akhmat MMA promotion, Member of Parliament Adam Delimkhanov as well as Kadyrov himself.[138][139]

Personal life

In 1996, Kadyrov married Medni Musaevna Kadyrova.[140] The couple are parents of twelve children.[3][4] His oldest daughter Aishat and another daughter Khadizhat have earned the title of hafiz. Khadizhat was recognised as most gifted student in Chechnya in 2016 and qualified for participation in pan-Russian contest "Student of the Year 2016" on 20 February 2016.[141][142] Medni launched her fashion line called "Firdaws" in March 2012 in Dubai.[143]

Kadyrov is a noted collector of sports cars. He owns a Lamborghini Reventón, one of only 20 made.[144][145] He is also known for his extensive collection of Chechen daggers.[146][147] On 5 October 2011, he celebrated his 35th birthday in a lavish fashion in the presence of several Hollywood stars, including actor Jean-Claude Van Damme and actress Hilary Swank as well as British violinist Vanessa-Mae, singer Seal and many others.[148] When asked where the money for the live-televised celebration were coming from, he reportedly laughed and said "Allah gives it to us", before adding: "I don't know, it comes from somewhere".[149]

He announced on 25 September 2015 that the charity organisation owned by his mother had paid for free lunch of more than 900 refugees from Syria and Iraq in Kiel, Germany in honor of the holiday of Eid. He also announced that a further 1000 refugees and migrants will be given a free meal in one of the best restaurants in the city at a later date. In addition the charity will also set-up a sports playground in Kiel refugee camp and provide furniture for a school attended by the refugees.[150] On 6 June 2016, he declared that his mother's charity group will provide 25,000 free meals every day to Syrian refugees during the fasting month of Ramadan.[151]

Honours and awards

Russian Federation:

Chechen Republic

Foreign

Public and agency:

Other:

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Кадыров Рамзан Ахматович" (in Russian). Chechnya Government. Retrieved 26 November 2016.
  2. 1 2 "Одобрили единогласно" (in Russian). Chechnya Government. Retrieved 26 November 2016.
  3. 1 2 "У Кадырова родился 12-й ребенок (видео)" (in Russian). Segodyna. 11 October 2016. Retrieved 30 October 2016.
  4. 1 2 "В семье 40-летнего Рамзана Кадырова родился 12-й ребенок" (in Russian). Sputnik. 10 October 2016. Retrieved 30 October 2016.
  5. ↑ "Holier Than Thou: Ramzan Kadyrov And 'Traditional Chechen Islam'". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. October 2009.
  6. ↑ Muedini, Fait (3 November 2015)"Sponsoring Sufism – And Its Problems as a Counterterrorism Strategy". Foreign Affairs
  7. 1 2 Yashin, Ilya. "A Threat to National Security". Retrieved 1 March 2016.
  8. ↑ Люпхъ Лярхякюбяйюъ (19 January 2006). "Йюбйюг: Юйюделхй, Гюыхрмхй Х Опнярн Бнкьеамхй". Lenta. Retrieved 8 April 2011.
  9. ↑ "Рамзан Кадыров включен в состав консультативной комиссии Госсовета РФ". ИА REGNUM. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
  10. ↑ "Ramzan Kadyrov becomes new member of Advisory Commission of RF State Council". Retrieved 15 May 2016.
  11. ↑ bbc.co.uk/czech Bývalý šampion Mike Tyson v Čečensku zahájil turnaj v boxu
  12. ↑ "Lenta.ru: Кадыров, Рамзан". Retrieved 15 May 2016.
  13. ↑ "Рамзан Кадыров. Биография". РИА Новости. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
  14. ↑ Son of assassinated President of Chechnya appointed First Deputy Prime Minister
  15. ↑ Discrepant reports about Kadyrov, Jr. – Kavkazcenter.com Archived 3 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine.
  16. ↑ "Ramzan Kadyrov- Chechnya's first deputy prime minister". Pravda Report. 10 May 2004. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  17. ↑ Anon (13 January 2005). "RAMZAN FREES HIS SISTER…". Chechnya Weekly. 6 (2). Archived from the original on 10 December 2007.
  18. ↑ "Biggest mosque for Grozny". The Guardian. London. 4 August 2005. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
  19. ↑ "Грани.Ру: Кадыров официально вступил в должность президента Чечни – Война / Чечня". Retrieved 15 May 2016.
  20. ↑ Original Russian text: Того, кого я должен был убить, я уже убил. А тех, кто за ним стоит, буду всех убивать до последнего, пока меня самого не убьют или не посадят. Я буду убивать, пока жив... Путин — красавчик. Он о Чечне думает больше, чем о любой другой республике. Когда отца убили, он лично приезжал, на кладбище ходил. Путин войну остановил. Путина надо пожизненно президентом назначить. Власть твердая нужна. Демократия — это американские выдумки... Русские никогда своих законов не соблюдают. Воровали все, а сидит один Ходорковский.
  21. ↑ Ramzan Kadyrov explained to journal GQ what is the military style, he said that he will continue killings and that Putin is beauty by news.ru
  22. 1 2 Anon (16 March 2006). "RAMZAN – VIDEO STAR?". Chechnya Weekly. 7 (11). Archived from the original on 6 May 2008.
  23. ↑ "Временно неисполняющий обязанности" (in Russian). Komersant. 19 November 2005. Archived from the original on 2013-04-28. Retrieved 2013-04-20.
  24. ↑ Anon (9 February 2006). "RAMZAN BANS ALL THINGS DANISH". Chechnya Weekly. 7 (6). Archived from the original on 21 November 2006.
  25. ↑ "Рамзан Кадыров назначен премьером Чеченской республики". Channel One Russia. 4 March 2006. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  26. ↑ Anon (27 April 2006). "KADYROV FINDS FIFTH COLUMN AMONG DISPLACED CHECHENS". Chechnya Weekly. 7 (17). Archived from the original on 30 September 2007.
  27. 1 2 "Кадыров предложил кандидатуру Одеса Байсултанова на пост премьера Чечни" (in Russian). REGNUM News Agency. 10 April 2007. Retrieved 26 November 2016.
  28. ↑ Anon (9 November 2006). "UMAR DZHABRAILOV WANTS KADYROV TO REPLACE ALKHANOV". Chechnya Weekly. 7 (43). Archived from the original on 30 September 2007.
  29. ↑ Anon (16 November 2006). "KADYROV VS. ALKHANOV: RUSSIAN MEDIA TRY TO KEEP SCORE". Chechnya Weekly. 7 (44). Archived from the original on 30 September 2007.
  30. ↑ Anon (7 December 2006). "KADYROV VOWS TO PROSECUTE FEDERAL COMMANDERS FOR ABUSES". Chechnya Weekly. 7 (47). Archived from the original on 27 September 2007.
  31. 1 2 Scott Shane and Andrew W. Lehren (28 November 2010). "Leaked Cables Offer Raw Look at U.S. Diplomacy". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 December 2010. In a 2006 account, a wide-eyed American diplomat describes the lavish wedding of a well-connected couple in Dagestan, in Russia’s Caucasus, where one guest is the strongman who runs the war-ravaged Russian republic of Chechnya, Ramzan Kadyrov. The diplomat tells of drunken guests throwing $100 bills at child dancers, and nighttime water-scooter jaunts on the Caspian Sea. ... that Ramzan Kadyrov “had brought the happy couple ‘a five-kilo lump of gold’ as his wedding present.”
  32. ↑ "Putin Dismisses Chechen President, Puts Prime Minister in Charge". Fox News Channel. 15 February 2007.
  33. ↑ Chechen parliament votes for appointing Ramzan Kadyrov as president – Russian News – REGNUM Archived 3 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine.
  34. ↑ Anon (15 March 2007). "POLL FINDS A PLURALITY OF RUSSIANS DISTRUST RAMZAN". Chechnya Weekly. 8 (11). Archived from the original on 20 May 2008.
  35. ↑ "Kadyrov sworn in as Chechnya's new Kremlin-backed president" Archived 25 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine., Associated Press (International Herald Tribune), 5 April 2007.
  36. ↑ "Central Asia-Caucasus Analyst" (PDF). Central Asia-Cacusus Institute.
  37. ↑ "Russia's Kadyrov vows revenge for Ingushetia bombing". Reuters. 24 June 2009.
  38. 1 2 Chechen President Says the West Wants to Destroy Russia , The Telegraph, (21 December 2009)
  39. 1 2 "Kadyrov Is Warned: 'You Can Run, But You Can't Hide'". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Caucasus Report. 30 August 2010. Archived from the original on 27 July 2011. Retrieved 27 July 2011.
  40. ↑ "Chechnya's Kadyrov given title 'head of republic,' not president". Sputnik News. 2 September 2010. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  41. ↑ "Kadyrov will remain president until April 2011" (in Russian). Lenta.ru. 3 September 2010. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  42. ↑ Elder, Miriam (17 February 2011). "Chechnya v Brazil? Ramzan Kadyrov claims footballing coup". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  43. ↑ Ibragimov, Muslim (6 February 2009). "President of Chechnya calls former militants back home from Europe". kavkaz-uzel.eu. Retrieved 22 August 2016. source CK correspondent; redirected from eng.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/9279
  44. ↑ "Chechen Commanders Rebel Against Umarov", RFE/RL, 13 August 2010.
  45. ↑ "Chechen Rebel Field Commanders Renounced Loyalty Oath to Doku Umarov". Eurasia Daily Monitor, Volume 7, Issue 182. Jamestown Foundation, 8 October 2010.
  46. 1 2 "Attack on Kadyrov's Home Village Damages Chechnya's Image of Stability". Eurasia Daily Monitor Volume: 7 Issue: 159. 7 September 2010. Retrieved 27 July 2011.
  47. ↑ "Terrorists launch deadly attack on Chechen parliament (Update 1)". RIA Novosti. 19 October 2010.
  48. ↑ Чеченские боевики прошли в парламент, Kommersant, 20 October 2010. (Russian)
  49. ↑ Washington, Tom. "Kadyrov blames London for Grozny attack" Archived 16 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine.. The Moscow News, 20 October 2010.
  50. ↑ "Kadyrov pledges to "stay the course" during his second term". RT. 5 March 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  51. ↑ "Former Brazil stars in Chechnya for controversial game". BBC. 5 March 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  52. ↑ "RUSSIA: Kremlin-backed Kadyrov is inaugurated President of Chechnya for second term". ITN Source. 6 April 2011. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  53. ↑ Dementeva, Victoria (15 November 2012). "APA – Chechen leader Ramzan Kadyrov pays official visit to Azerbaijan". Azerbaijan News Agency. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  54. ↑ Elder, Miriam (20 December 2012). "Chechen newspaper shut down after reporter asks Putin a question". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  55. ↑ "Chechen Leader Ready to Send Peacekeepers, Humanitarian Aid To Crimea". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 1 March 2014. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  56. ↑ Luhn, Alec (22 October 2014). "Ramzan Kadyrov, the Chechen Leader With a $5M Islamic State Bounty on his Head". Vice News. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  57. ↑ Miller, Christopher (26 May 2015). "Chechen warlord Ramzan Kadyrov reinvents himself as action movie star". Mashable. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  58. ↑ Amos, Howard (26 May 2015). "Chechen leader to star in two films – one Hollywood, one human rights exposé". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  59. ↑ Paraszcuk, Joanna (16 July 2015). "Kadyrov: 'There Won't Even Be A Whiff Of IS In Chechnya'". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  60. ↑ Walker, Shaun (2 October 2015). "Putin should unleash Chechen troops on Isis, says region's president". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  61. ↑ William, Watkinson (3 December 2015). "Ramzan Kadyrov: Chechen leader promises revenge on Isis after Russian citizen beheaded". International Business Times. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  62. ↑ Cole, Brendan (8 February 2016). "War on Isis: Chechnya leader Ramzan Kadyrov claims his special forces are on the ground in Syria". International Business Times. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  63. ↑ Marson, James; Sonne, Paul (27 February 2016). "Chechen Leader Ramzan Kadyrov Says He's Ready to Step Down". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  64. ↑ Evdokimova, Maria (25 March 2016). "Kadyrov Gets Putin's Support, Will Run in Elections". The Moscow Times. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  65. ↑ "Saudi Arabia to invest in Russia's Chechnya – Kadyrov". RT. 9 May 2016. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  66. ↑ "Chechen hardman Ramzan Kadyrov seeks 'apprentice' in new television show". Telegraph. 1 July 2016. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
  67. ↑ "Chechen Leader Launches 'Apprentice'-Style Search for Assistant". ABC News. 30 June 2016. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
  68. ↑ "Evidence Of Blatant Violations Calls Into Question Validity Of Elections In North Caucasus". Radio Liberty/Radio Free Europe. 25 September 2016.
  69. 1 2 3 "Чечня: Кадыров — кандидат на пост председателя правительства". Archived 22 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine. ("Chechnya: Kadyrov a Candidate for Head of Government"). RIA Novosti. March 2006.(Russian)
  70. 1 2 "Темп роста валового регионального продукта к предыдущему году, процент". Archived 3 December 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Rosstat. Retrieved 5 September 2009.(Russian)
  71. ↑ "Lord Judd sees striking change for the better in Chechnya". RUVR. 17 February 2010.
  72. ↑ Chechnya says assassination attempt on Kadyrov averted. RIA Novosti. 23 October 2009.
  73. ↑ Attempted assailant of Chechen president identified, Interfax-Ukraine
  74. ↑ Russian police killed Chechen militant leader. RIA Novosti. 23 October 2009.
  75. ↑ Wood, Tony (14 May 2009). "The Murder List". London Review of Books. Vol. 31 No. 9 p 14.
  76. ↑ Eurasian Secret Services Daily Review. axisglobe.com (23 October 2006)
  77. ↑ "Widespread Torture in the Chechen Republic". Retrieved 15 May 2016.
  78. ↑ Mark Franchetti (15 October 2006). "Kidnap video may have doomed shot Russian reporter". The Sunday Times (London).
  79. ↑ Yuri Felshtinsky and Vladimir Pribylovsky) The Age of Assassins. The Rise and Rise of Vladimir Putin, Gibson Square Books, London, 2008, ISBN 1-906142-07-6; pp. 248–250
  80. ↑ Criminal case initiated on the facts disclosed by Politkovskaya. kavkaz.memo.ru (23 October 2006)
  81. ↑ Police tried to silence GfbV – Critical banner against Putin´s Chechnya policies wars. gfbv.de (10 October 2006)
  82. ↑ Anon (4 May 2006). "SUNDAY TIMES DESCRIBES RAMZAN'S PERSONAL TOUCH". Chechnya Weekly. 7 (18). Archived from the original on 6 May 2008.
  83. ↑ "Unofficial Places of Detention in the Chechen Republic" report". IHR-HR. 28 May 2002. Archived from the original on 16 September 2003.
  84. ↑ Anon (9 February 2005). "RIGHTS ACTIVISTS: KADYROVTSY ARE CHECHNYA'S MAIN PROBLEM". Chechnya Weekly. 6 (6). Archived from the original on 6 May 2008.
  85. ↑ "Widespread Torture in the Chechen Republic: Torture by units under the effective command of Chechen Prime Minister Ramzan Kadyrov". Retrieved 15 May 2016.
  86. ↑ Politkovskaya, Anna (2007) ''A Russian Diary: A Journalist's Final Account of Life, Corruption, and Death in Putin's Russia''. Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved on 16 October 2016.
  87. ↑ Politkovskaya, Anna (14 October 2006). "A condemned woman". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
  88. ↑ Anon (29 September 2005). "Decapitation as a Method of Intimidation". Chechnya Weekly. 6 (36). Archived from the original on 6 May 2008.
  89. ↑ Sweeney, Conor (2 March 2007). "Warlord named Chechen president". The Scotsman. Edinburgh. Archived from the original on 6 May 2008.
  90. ↑ Chivers, C. J. (31 January 2009). Slain Exile Detailed Cruelty of the Ruler of Chechnya, The New York Times. Retrieved 20 July 2009.
  91. ↑ Nikolaus von Twickel. Austria Finds Strong Links to Kadyrov in Israilov's Murder. The Moscow Times, 30 April 2010.
  92. ↑ Chivers, C. J. (27 April 2010) Top Chechen Ordered Abduction, Austria Says, The New York Times.
  93. ↑ "Vow to catch Chechnya assassins". BBC News. 16 July 2009. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
  94. ↑ According to Orlov, "Я знаю, я уверен в том, кто виновен в убийстве Наташи Эстемировой. Мы все этого человека знаем. Зовут его Рамзан Кадыров, это президент Чеченской республики.
  95. ↑ "Она рассказывала, что Кадыров ей угрожал, говорил буквально: "Да, у меня руки по локоть в крови. И я не стыжусь этого. Я убивал и буду убивать плохих людей". grani.ru. 16 July 2009. Archived from the original on 19 July 2009.
  96. 1 2 Chechen leader sues rights group after activist murder Archived 20 April 2013 at the Wayback Machine., AFP, 18 July 2009. Retrieved 19 July 2009.
  97. ↑ Schwirtz, Michael. Chechen Leader Sues Over Accusations of Ordering Activist’s Death , The New York Times, 18 July 2009. Retrieved 20 July 2009.
  98. ↑ Luhn, Alec (19 August 2014). "Chechen leader 'has 1,000 wedding guests questioned after losing phone'". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  99. ↑ "Chechen leader 'has 1,000 wedding guests questioned after losing phone'". The Moscow Times. 13 May 2016. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  100. ↑ "Police 'surround' entire village in Chechnya in hunt for man who dared to complain about local officials". The Telegraph. 17 May 2016. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  101. ↑ "Man Whose House Was Torched Apologizes for Criticism of Kadyrov". The Moscow Times. 31 May 2016. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  102. ↑ "Missing Chechen Whistle-Blower Flees Chechnya". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 10 November 2016. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  103. ↑ Tom Parfitt (12 November 2016). "Chechen who sought help from Putin flees village". The Times. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  104. ↑ "Total Number of Kadyrov's Subscribers on Social Networks Exceeds 3 Million People". Tass.com (11 September 2016). Retrieved on 16 October 2016.
  105. ↑ Grove, Thomas (26 August 2016) "How Chechnya's President Ramzan Kadyrov Bends Social Media to His Will". The Wall Street Journal
  106. 1 2 MacFarquhar, Neil (24 May 2016) "Missing: Chechen Strongman's Cat. If Seen, Contact @kadyrov_95". The New York Times
  107. ↑ Sharkov, Damien. (23 May 2016) "Putin Ally Kadyrov Takes Aim at John Oliver Cat Segment". Newsweek.
  108. 1 2 3 Mackey, Robert (20 May 2015) "Chechen Leader Scolds WhatsApp Users for Spreading 'Rumors' About Official's Wedding". The New York Times
  109. ↑ Lokshina, Tanya (10 October 2016) "Public Humiliation: Chechen Leader's Simple Strategy to Control Social Media". The Guardian.
  110. 1 2 MacFarquhar, Neil (May 20, 2015) "Chechen Leader's Advice on Women: Lock Them In". The New York Times
  111. ↑ Anna Shamanska (22 December 2015). "Kadyrov Shames Chechen Social Worker On TV". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
  112. ↑ Walker, Shaun (24 May 2016) "Fur Flies as Chechen Leader and Comedian John Oliver Clash Over Los Cat". The Guardian.
  113. ↑ Robinson, Julian. (24 May 2016) Julian Robinson, "John Oliver and Chechen Leader Ramzan Kadyrov In Bizarre Social Media Clash After Comedian Pokes Fun at Controversial Hard Man's Appeal to Find His Missing Cat". Daily Mail.
  114. 1 2 Osborn, Andrew (3 April 2006). "Chechen PM in sauna sex scandal". The Independent. London. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
  115. ↑ Чеченский сайт обнародовал "пикантное" видео с человеком, похожим на Рамзана Кадырова NEWSru 15 March 2006
  116. ↑ "Quarantine prize money of Chechen horse: Greens". Sydney Morning Gerald. 3 November 2009.
  117. ↑ "Chechen President Kadyrov Defends Honor Killings". St. Petersburg Times. 3 March 2009. Archived from the original on 18 March 2010.
  118. ↑ "Full-text search". Retrieved 15 May 2016.
  119. ↑ Quinn, Allison (12 January 2015). "There's No Line Kadyrov Can't Cross, Analysts Say". The Moscow Times.
  120. ↑ "Polygamy is blessing, mistresses are evil – Chechen leader". Russia Beyond the Headlines. Interfax. 18 June 2015. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
  121. ↑ Bennett-Smith, Meredith (19 April 2013). "Ramzan Kadyrov, Chechen President, Suggests Boston Bombing Suspects Products Of American Upbringing". Huffington Post. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  122. ↑ Pandey, Avaneesh (18 May 2015). "Chechen Leader Accuses US Intelligence Of Framing Boston Bomber Dzhokhar Tsarnaev". International Business Times. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  123. ↑ "Chechnya's Kadyrov puts Putin critic Kasyanov in gunsights". BBC News. 1 February 2016.
  124. ↑ Osborn, Andrew (1 February 2016). "Putin ally issues video of opposition leader in sniper's cross-hairs". Reuters.
  125. ↑ "Кадыров раскритиковал Instagram за удаления поста с Касьяновым под прицелом". Vedomosti. 2 February 2016.
  126. ↑ Balmforth, Tom; Coalson, Robert (23 February 2016). "Despite Harassment, Russian Opposition Leader Presents Scathing Kadyrov Report". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  127. ↑ Bennetts, Marc (23 February 2016). "Chechen leader Kadyrov 'threatens whole of Russia', opposition says". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  128. ↑ "Report blames Chechen leader over killing of Kremlin critic". Yahoo! News. 23 February 2016. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  129. ↑ Cole, Brendan (15 March 2016). "Kadyrov aide urges probe into opposition's Ilya Yashin over scathing report on Chechen strongman". International Business Times. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  130. 1 2 Fuller, Liz (14 September 2016). "Analysis: Grozny Fatwa On 'True Believers' Triggers Major Controversy". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
  131. 1 2 James M. Dorsey (1 October 2016). "UAE Vs. Saudi: Fighting for the Soul of Islam". The Globalist. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
  132. 1 2 Yaroslav Trofimov (22 September 2016). "Excommunicating Saudis? A New Fracture Emerges in Islam". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
  133. ↑ Bershidsky, Leonid (7 October 2016). "Kiddie fight offers insight into Putin's approach to Chechnya Leonid Bershidsky". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
  134. ↑ Logan, Ross (9 October 2016). "Chechen leader blasted as he watches his own children fighting in UFC-style cage battles". Daily Mirror. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
  135. ↑ "Ramzan Kadyrov accused of child cruelty after entering pre-teen sons in televised cage fights". The Telegraph. 6 October 2016. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
  136. ↑ "Ramzan Kadyrov, Chechen Strongman, Criticized Over Televised Child Fights". New York Times. 6 October 2016. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
  137. ↑ "Kremlin calls for investigation into televised fights between kids as young as 8". Toronto Star. 6 October 2016. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
  138. 1 2 "Underage kids' MMA fights in Chechnya spark criticism of Kadyrov (PHOTOS, VIDEOS)". RT. 6 October 2016. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
  139. ↑ "Children's MMA fights in Chechnya: Immoral behaviour that only Chechens understand". Pravda Report. 12 October 2016. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
  140. ↑ "Is Kadyrov's Private Photo Album Now On Instagram?". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 13 February 2013. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  141. ↑ Kjuka, Deana (2 October 2012). "Chechen Leader Kadyrov Is One Proud Father". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  142. ↑ "Daughter Kadyrov, recognized as the most gifted child in Chechnya, will compete for the title of "Student of the year 2016″". en.news-4-u.ru. 24 February 2016. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  143. ↑ McLaughlin-Duane, Rebecca (26 March 2012). "Medni Kadyrova: a president's wife with designs on the cutting edge". The National. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  144. ↑ "Ramzan Kadyrov Cars". Paradoxoff Planet. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
  145. ↑ "Глава". Chechnya. Retrieved 26 December 2012.
  146. ↑ "Ramzan Kadyrov shown". The Guardian. 1 December 2010. Retrieved 26 December 2012.
  147. ↑ "The Chechen President's Guns, Supercars, and $3,000,000 Motorcade". Jalopnik. 3 December 2010. Retrieved 26 December 2012.
  148. ↑ Walker, Shawn (October 2011). "Hollywood stars help Chechnya leader to celebrate his birthday". The Independent.
  149. ↑ Osborn, Andrew (October 2011). "Chechen warlord enjoys a 'quiet' birthday". The Telegraph.
  150. ↑ Keremenko, Alexey (25 September 2015). "Chechen Leader Ramzan Kadyrov Buys Posh Lunch for 900 Refugees". NBC News. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  151. ↑ "25,000 free meals for all: Chechen leader promises to provide Ramadan food for Syrians". RT. 6 June 2016. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  152. ↑ "Путин наградил Кадырова орденом Почета". Lenta. 9 March 2015.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ramzan Kadyrov.
Political offices
Preceded by
Alu Alkhanov		 President of the Chechen Republic
2007 – present 		Incumbent
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 12/4/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.