Renaud Piarroux

Renaud Piarroux

Renaud Piarroux
Born (1960-09-27) September 27, 1960
Nationality French
Education


Pediatric Residency, 1990
Infectious Disease Residency, 1993


PhD Microbiology & Cellular Biology, University of Aix-Marseille, 1995[1]
Spouse Martine Piarroux

Renaud Piarroux (born 27 September 1960) is a pediatrician specializing in infectious diseases and tropical medicine. Since 2008, he has been a Full Professor of Parasitology and Mycology at the University of Aix-Marseille in Marseille, France, and Head of Parasitology and Mycology at Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille.[2] Over the years, Piarroux has taken part in several missions and research projects in Africa, including the study of the dynamics of cholera epidemics in Comoros, Democratic Republic of Congo[3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] and Guinea,[9] prevention and management of parasitic diseases in Morocco, and a program to fight against waterborne diseases in Ivory Coast.[10][11]

Piarroux has been the Regional Representative of the Franche-Comté region of France and responsible for various missions with Médecins du Monde (MDM) (Doctors of the World) in Grand Comoros[12] and the Democratic Republic of Congo. He also worked on the analysis of risks of epidemics and assessing health priorities after natural disasters and conflicts including:

In these risk analyses he studied how cholera spreads through regions and communities.

In November 2010 he was called in by the Haitian government and French Embassy to investigate the origin and course of the world's largest cholera epidemic of recent times, [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] and to assist authorities in creating an effective control program. These activities were highlighted in the book Deadly River (Cornell University Press, 2016), authored by Ralph R. Frerichs.[22]

Piarroux is an ongoing member of the travel-related and imported diseases committee of the French Ministry of Health.[23] He is a founding member of the Global Alliance Against Cholera (GAAC), started in the eastern part of DR Congo, that has since expanded to other cholera-affected countries.[24]

Life and career

Renaud Piarroux was born in Cherbourg, France, the son of painter Jean Piarroux and medical pathologist Marie-Claude Deleval.

Following graduation, he became Assistant Professor of Parasitology at Besançon University Hospital, where he created the Parasitology-Mycology Department and became a Full Professor in 2001. He was director of Santé et Environnement Rural Franche-Comté, and the EA2276 research team at Franche-Comté University from 2004 to 2007.[25][26]

In Besançon, his academic publication subjects included: Farmer's lung, the relationship between mold and asthma, unhealthy dwellings, cholera, echinococcosis (a local parasitic disease).[27] Following a move in 2008 to Marseille, his work focused on three subjects:[28]

His interest in cholera epidemics started in 1994 while working as a volunteer pediatrician in Goma, Zaire during an extensive cholera outbreak following the Rwandan genocide.[30] He next encountered cholera while working with MDM in Grand Comorro in 1998.[31] There, he created a surveillance system that with rapid follow-up and simple interventions eventually brought the outbreak under control.

Piarroux next helped in defining cholera control priorities in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, with the help of a local epidemiologist, who became his student, Dr. Didier Bompangue.[32] They observed that cholera regularly came back from the lake area in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo.[33] Enlarging his study in time and space, and using genetic analysis he concluded that only a few towns play the role of amplifier,[34] and that cholera was linked to human mobility.[35]

In 2010 Piarroux was asked by the French government to investigate the Haiti cholera epidemic; questions arose in the scientific community as Haiti had never been hit by cholera before.[36] His investigation led to the controversial conclusion[37] that the epidemic was imported by United Nations soldiers in a Nepalese UN peacekeeping camp near Mirebalais in the center of Haiti.[38] His findings ran counter to the more popular Haitian environmental cholera paradigm. Pr Rita Colwell, the main proponent of the environmental theory, postulated it was a "perfect storm" of three converging factors, an earthquake followed by a hot summer and then a Hurricane that triggered the explosive epidemic.[39] Piarroux agreed that some vibrios are living in coastal waters, but argued that in Haiti (as in Democratic Republic of Congo), cholera didn’t come ex nihilo from coastal water,[40][41][42][43] and further that the storm came after the epidemics had started.[44] Other scientists demonstrated that the cholera in Haiti originated from Nepal.[45][46] Human mobility was thus key to disease transmission in Haiti. This was important information for formulating an effective elimination strategy.[47][48] Details of the political and scientific controversies are presented in Deadly River by Ralph R. Frerichs (Cornell University Press, 2016). Following the publication of a long time United Nations Special Rapporteur, Philip Alston,[49][50] the Secretary-General of the United Nations Ban Ki-moon acknowledged the role of United Nations soldiers in the beginning of the Haitian cholera epidemics.[51][52] He presently defends a new approach based on an "intense effort to treat and prevent the disease, as well as a concerted effort to deliver material assistance to those most directly affected."[53]

Piarroux has three adult children, Raphael, Julie and Loïc, and is married to Martine Piarroux. The couple resides in Marseilles.

Publications

References

  1. ↑ http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX22024
  2. ↑ http://pharmacie.univ-amu.fr/umr-md3
  3. ↑ http://en.choleraalliance.org/files/Pdf/Plan%20strategique%20du%20cholera%20en%20RDC%202008-2012.pdf
  4. ↑ Bompangue, D; Giraudoux, P; Handschumacher, P; Piarroux, M; Sudre, B; Ekwanzala, M; Kebela, I; Piarroux, R (2008). "Lakes as source of cholera outbreaks, Democratic Republic of Congo". Emerging Infect. Dis. 14: 798–800. doi:10.3201/eid1405.071260. PMC 2600234Freely accessible. PMID 18439365.
  5. ↑ Bompangue, D; Giraudoux, P; Piarroux, M; Mutombo, G; Shamavu, R; Sudre, B; Mutombo, A; Mondonge, V; Piarroux, R (2009). "Cholera epidemics, war and disasters around Goma and Lake Kivu: an eight-year survey". PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 3: e436. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000436. PMC 2677153Freely accessible. PMID 19436726.
  6. ↑ Moore, S; Miwanda, B; Sadji, AY; Thefenne, H; Jeddi, F; Rebaudet, S; de Boeck, H; Bidjada, B; Depina, JJ; Bompangue, D; Abedi, AA; Koivogui, L; Keita, S; Garnotel, E; Plisnier, PD; Ruimy, R; Thomson, N; Muyembe, JJ; Piarroux, R (2015). "Relationship between Distinct African Cholera Epidemics Revealed via MLVA Haplotyping of 337 Vibrio cholerae Isolates". PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 9: e0003817. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003817. PMC 4482140Freely accessible. PMID 26110870.
  7. ↑ Miwanda, B; Moore, S; Muyembe, JJ; Nguefack-Tsague, G; Kabangwa, IK; Ndjakani, DY; Mutreja, A; Thomson, N; Thefenne, H; Garnotel, E; Tshapenda, G; Kakongo, DK; Kalambayi, G; Piarroux, R (2015). "Antimicrobial Drug Resistance of Vibrio cholerae, Democratic Republic of the Congo". Emerging Infect. Dis. 21: 847–51. doi:10.3201/eid2105.141233. PMC 4412219Freely accessible. PMID 25897570.
  8. ↑ Floret, N; Viel, JF; Mauny, F; Hoen, B; Piarroux, R (2006). "Negligible risk for epidemics after geophysical disasters". Emerging Infect. Dis. 12: 543–8. doi:10.3201/eid1204.051569. PMC 3294713Freely accessible. PMID 16704799.
  9. ↑ Rebaudet, S; Mengel, MA; Koivogui, L; Moore, S; Mutreja, A; Kande, Y; Yattara, O; Sarr Keita, V; Njanpop-Lafourcade, BM; Fournier, PE; Garnotel, E; Keita, S; Piarroux, R (2014). "Deciphering the origin of the 2012 cholera epidemic in Guinea by integrating epidemiological and molecular analyses". PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 8: e2898. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002898. PMC 4046952Freely accessible. PMID 24901522.
  10. ↑ http://www.globenet.org/preceup/pages/fr/chapitre/capitali/experie/expciar.html
  11. ↑ http://www.solidarites.org/en/eclairage/1091-water-as-a-source-of-disease
  12. ↑ http://www.ajtmh.org/content/early/2015/11/12/ajtmh.15-0397
  13. ↑ http://en.choleraalliance.org/files/Pdf/Plan%20strategique%20du%20cholera%20en%20RDC%202008-2012.pdf
  14. ↑ http://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0000436
  15. ↑ Piarroux, R; Barrais, R; Faucher, B; et al. (July 2011). "Understanding the cholera epidemic, Haiti". Emerging Infect. Dis. 17: 1161–8. doi:10.3201/eid1707.110059. PMC 3381400Freely accessible. PMID 21762567.
  16. ↑ Gaudart, J; Rebaudet, S; Barrais, R; Boncy, J; Faucher, B; Piarroux, M; Magloire, R; Thimothe, G; Piarroux, R (2013). "Spatio-temporal dynamics of cholera during the first year of the epidemic in Haiti". PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 7: e2145. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002145. PMC 3617102Freely accessible. PMID 23593516.
  17. ↑ Bengtsson, L; Gaudart, J; Lu, X; Moore, S; Wetter, E; Sallah, K; Rebaudet, S; Piarroux, R (2015). "Using mobile phone data to predict the spatial spread of cholera". Sci Rep. 5: 8923. doi:10.1038/srep08923. PMC 4352843Freely accessible. PMID 25747871.
  18. ↑ Baron, S; Lesne, J; Moore, S; Rossignol, E; Rebaudet, S; Gazin, P; Barrais, R; Magloire, R; Boncy, J; Piarroux, R (2013). "No Evidence of Significant Levels of Toxigenic V. cholerae O1 in the Haitian Aquatic Environment During the 2012 Rainy Season". PLoS Curr. 5. doi:10.1371/currents.outbreaks.7735b392bdcb749baf5812d2096d331e. PMC 3783635Freely accessible. PMID 24077904.
  19. ↑ Rebaudet, S; Gazin, P; Barrais, R; Moore, S; Rossignol, E; Barthelemy, N; Gaudart, J; Boncy, J; Magloire, R; Piarroux, R (2013). "The dry season in haiti: a window of opportunity to eliminate cholera". PLoS Curr. 5. doi:10.1371/currents.outbreaks.2193a0ec4401d9526203af12e5024ddc. PMC 3712488Freely accessible. PMID 23873011.
  20. ↑ Frerichs, RR; Boncy, J; Barrais, R; Keim, PS; Piarroux, R (2012). "Source attribution of 2010 cholera epidemic in Haiti". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109: E3208; author reply E3209. doi:10.1073/pnas.1211512109. PMC 3511120Freely accessible. PMID 23047703.
  21. ↑ Rebaudet, S; Gazin, P; Barrais, R; Moore, S; Rossignol, E; Barthelemy, N; Gaudart, J; Boncy, J; Magloire, R; Piarroux, R (2013). "The dry season in haiti: a window of opportunity to eliminate cholera". PLoS Curr. 5. doi:10.1371/currents.outbreaks.2193a0ec4401d9526203af12e5024ddc. PMC 3712488Freely accessible. PMID 23873011.
  22. ↑ http://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/?GCOI=80140100094160
  23. ↑ http://www.hcsp.fr/explore.cgi/Personne?clef=1863
  24. ↑ http://www.choleraalliance.org/gaac-advisory-council-members
  25. ↑ http://www.univ-fcomte.fr/download/tout-l-u/document/magazines/mag/tout-l-u-82.pdf page 2 or http://www.gcsgrandest.fr/documents/IReSaP.pdf page 73
  26. ↑ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286407356_Implementation_of_guidelines_for_the_management_of_fungal_infections_at_Besancon_University_Hospital
  27. ↑ http://www.lemonde.fr/sciences/article/2016/08/29/renaud-piarroux-le-medecin-qui-a-tenu-tete-a-l-onu_4989439_1650684.html
  28. ↑ https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Renaud_Piarroux/publications
  29. ↑ https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Renaud_Piarroux/publications
  30. ↑ http://www.lemonde.fr/sciences/article/2016/08/29/renaud-piarroux-le-medecin-qui-a-tenu-tete-a-l-onu_4989439_1650684.html
  31. ↑ http://www.ajtmh.org/content/early/2015/11/12/ajtmh.15-0397.full.pdf+html
  32. ↑ http://africhol.org/content/dr-didier-bompangue
  33. ↑ http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/17/7/11-0625_article
  34. ↑ http://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0000436
  35. ↑ http://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0003817
  36. ↑ http://www.ph.ucla.edu/epi/snow/cholera_haiti.html
  37. ↑ http://www.gknudsenlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Knudsen-article-cholera-in-Haiti.pdf
  38. ↑ http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/17/7/11-0059_article
  39. ↑ http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2012/06/18/155311990/scientists-find-new-wrinkle-in-how-cholera-got-to-haiti
  40. ↑ http://www.clinicalmicrobiologyandinfection.com/article/S1198-743X%2814%2961627-X/fulltext
  41. ↑ http://currents.plos.org/outbreaks/article/no-evidence-of-significant-levels-of-toxigenic-v-cholerae-o1-in-the-haitian-aquatic-environment-during-the-2012-rainy-season/
  42. ↑ http://science.sciencemag.org/content/330/6005/738
  43. ↑ http://science.sciencemag.org/content/331/6016/388
  44. ↑ Deadly River by Ralph R. Frerichs (Cornell University Press, 2016). [p.213]
  45. ↑ http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/01/world/americas/haitis-cholera-outraced-the-experts-and-tainted-the-un.html?_r=0
  46. ↑ http://www.clinicalmicrobiologyandinfection.com/article/S1198-743X%2814%2964134-3/fulltext
  47. ↑ http://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/08/opinion/the-uns-responsibility-in-haitis-cholera-crisis.html
  48. ↑ https://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2016/08/22/what-must-wipe-out-cholera-haiti/1nX1aDxnKbaTVoC1QpxT6K/story.html
  49. ↑ http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/08/19/magazine/document-Alston-Haiti-Cholera-Report.html
  50. ↑ http://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/18/world/americas/united-nations-haiti-cholera.html
  51. ↑ http://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/americas/haiti/article102892432.html
  52. ↑ http://www.miamiherald.com/opinion/op-ed/article97684252.html
  53. ↑ http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/sgsm18142.doc.htm
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 9/28/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.