Reticulum II

Coordinates: 02h 35m 42.14s, −54° 2′ 57.1″

Reticulum II
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation Reticulum
Right ascension 02h 35m 42.14s[1]
Declination -54° 2′ 57.1″[1]
Distance (comoving) 30 ± 2 kpc (97.8 ± 6.5 kly) [1]
Distance 97.8 ± 6.5 kly (30 ± 2 kpc) [1]
Apparent magnitude (V) 17.4[1]
Characteristics
Apparent size (V) 3.37′ × 3.64′[1]
Other designations
Reticulum II, Reticulum 2[1]

Reticulum II (or Reticulum 2) is an old dwarf galaxy in the Local Group. Reticulum II was discovered in 2015 by analysing images from the Dark Energy Survey. It is elongated, having an axis ratio of 0.6. The size is given by a half light distance of 30 pc. This is too large for it to be a globular cluster. Magnitude Mv is -2.7. The distance is 30 kpc. The galaxy contains some blue horizontal branch stars. Other features visible are a main sequence, and a main sequence turn off, and a red giant branch.[1][2] It has an unusual enhancement of r-process elements; meaning that gold and europium are extra common in the brightest stars in the galaxy.[3] The implication of the unusual enrichment in elements heavier than zinc, is that the r-process is very rare, and only happened once in this galaxy, possibly by the collision of two neutron stars.[4]

Gamma rays mostly with energies between 2 and 10 GeV have been detected by the Fermi satellite.[5] The radiation from Reticulum II is more significant that other dwarf galaxy emissions.[6] However this finding has been contested.[7]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Sergey E. Koposov; Vasily Belokurov; Gabriel Torrealba; N. Wyn Evans (10 March 2015). "Beasts of the Southern Wild. Discovery of a large number of Ultra Faint satellites in the vicinity of the Magellanic Clouds". The Astrophysical Journal. 805: 130. arXiv:1503.02079Freely accessible. Bibcode:2015ApJ...805..130K. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/805/2/130.
  2. ↑ DES Collaboration (10 March 2015). "Eight New Milky Way Companions Discovered in First-Year Dark Energy Survey Data". The Astrophysical Journal. 807: 50. arXiv:1503.02584Freely accessible. Bibcode:2015ApJ...807...50B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/807/1/50.
  3. ↑ Ji, Alex (22 March 2016). "The Orogin of the Cosmos' Heaviest Elements". Phys.org. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  4. ↑ Ji, Alexander P.; Frebel, Anna; Chiti, Anirudh; Simon, Joshua D. (21 March 2016). "R-process enrichment from a single event in an ancient dwarf galaxy". Nature. arXiv:1512.01558Freely accessible. Bibcode:2016Natur.531..610J. doi:10.1038/nature17425.
  5. ↑ Hooper, Dan; Linden, Tim (3 September 2015). "On The gamma-ray emission from Reticulum II and other dwarf galaxies". Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. 2015 (09): 016–016. arXiv:1503.06209Freely accessible. doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2015/09/016.
  6. ↑ Geringer-Sameth, Alex; Walker, Matthew G.; Koushiappas, Savvas M.; Koposov, Sergey E.; Belokurov, Vasily; Torrealba, Gabriel; Evans, N. Wyn (17 August 2015). "Indication of Gamma-Ray Emission from the Newly Discovered Dwarf Galaxy Reticulum II". Physical Review Letters. 115 (8). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.081101.
  7. ↑ Overbye, Dennis (10 March 2015). "Gamma Rays May Be Clue on Dark Matter". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 October 2016.


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