Rhode Island State Guard

Rhode Island State Guard
The patch worn on the uniform of Rhode Island State Guardsmen during World War II.
Active	1918 - 1919 1941 - 1947 1950 - 1951
Country	United States
Allegiance	Rhode Island
Branch	Army
Type	State defense force
Role	Military reserve force
Size	18 companies (World War I) 1 regiment (World War II)
Part of	Rhode Island Department of Military and Veteran’s Affairs
Garrison/HQ	Providence, RI
World War I equipment	.38 revolvers 1,100 Springfield rifles 250 Krag–Jørgensen rifles
Commanders
Civilian Leadership	Governor of Rhode Island
State Military Leadership	Adjutant General of the State of Rhode Island

The Rhode Island State Guard is the currently inactive state defense force of Rhode Island. As a state defense force, the Rhode Island State Guard served as a state military unit which assumed the stateside duties of the Rhode Island National Guard when the National Guard was in federal service. However, unlike the National Guard, the State Guard, when organized, answers solely to the Governor of Rhode Island and by law cannot be federalized or deployed outside the borders of Rhode Island.

History

History of predecessor units

Prior to the creation of the National Guard of the United States, the United States maintained a small professional army which, in times of war, would be supplemented by volunteer militia units raised by individual states. During the American Revolutionary War, the 1st Rhode Island Regiment was raised to serve in the Continental Army. Rhode Island raised multiple units to fight for the Union Army during the American Civil War. During the Spanish–American War, the 1st Regiment, Rhode Island Volunteers, was mustered into federal service but did not see combat.

World War I

The Militia Act of 1903 federalized state militias and placed them under federal control. When the National Guard was deployed abroad during World War I, states were forced to raise replacement units to provide homeland security capabilities. During World War I, Rhode Island raised 18 companies of State Guard, composed of 100 men each, and established a headquarters and supply company, a machine-gun detachment and a sanitary detachment.^[1]

In order to equip the State Guard, the state purchased .38 revolvers from private dealers, and obtained five hundred .45 caliber Springfield rifles and two hundred fifty .30 caliber Krag–Jørgensen rifles from the federal government. The state also possessed an additional six hundred .45 caliber Springfield rifles.^[2]

World War II

The State Guard was reactivated in 1940, reaching the size of one regiment.^[2] The Rhode Island State Guard reached a strength of over 1,300 men during the war.^[1] Rhode Island also formed the Rhode Island State Guard Reserve during the war.

Korean War

On the onset of the Korean War, several states, including Rhode Island, reactivated their state defense forces at cadre strength as a safeguard against the possibility of their National Guard units being federalized.^[1]

Legal status

State defense forces are given legal recognition by the federal government under Title 32, Section 109 of the United States Code.^[3] The authority to maintain independent chartered military organizations separate of the National Guard is recognized under Rhode Island Law.^[4]

Chapter 30-5, section 30-5-5 of the Rhode Island General Laws allows the Governor of Rhode Island to call and organize portions of the unorganized militia whenever he or she deems it necessary, and requires him or her to do so when the Rhode Island National Guard is in federal service.^[5]

References

1 2 3 Tulenko, Thomas; Chase, Bradley; Dupuy, Trevor N.; Hayes, Grace P. (March 1981). "US Home Defense Force Study" (PDF). sgaus.org. Historical Evaluation and Research Organization. Retrieved 2 May 2015.
1 2 Stentiford, Barry M. (2002). The American Home Guard: The State Militia in the Twentieth Century. Texas A&M University Press. pp. 50, 267. ISBN 1585441813. Retrieved 2 May 2015.
↑ "32 U.S. Code § 109 - Maintenance of other troops". Legal Information Institute. Cornell University Law School. Retrieved 2 May 2015.
↑ "§ 30-1-4 Classes of militia". State of Rhode Island General Assembly. Retrieved 2 May 2015.
↑ "§ 30-5-5 Organization of reserve units for active duty.". State of Rhode Island General Assembly. Retrieved 2 May 2015.

State Defense Forces and Naval Militia

State Defense Forces	Alabama State Defense Force Alaska State Defense Force California State Military Reserve Connecticut Governor's Guard Georgia State Defense Force Indiana Guard Reserve Louisiana State Guard Maryland Defense Force Massachusetts State Defense Force Michigan Volunteer Defense Force Mississippi State Guard Missouri Reserve Force New Mexico State Guard New York Guard Ohio Military Reserve Oregon State Defense Force Puerto Rico State Guard South Carolina State Guard Tennessee State Guard Texas State Guard Vermont State Guard Virginia Defense Force Washington State Guard

Naval Militia	Alaska Naval Militia Connecticut Naval Militia New York Naval Militia Ohio Naval Militia South Carolina Naval Militia Texas State Guard Maritime Regiment

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