Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show)

This article is about the original UK version. For the international franchise, see Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
Created by David Briggs
Steve Knight
Mike Whitehill
Presented by Chris Tarrant
Theme music composer Keith Strachan
Matthew Strachan
Nick Magnus[1] (2007–14)
Country of origin United Kingdom
Original language(s) English
No. of series 30
No. of episodes 592
Production
Producer(s) David Briggs
Location(s) Elstree Studios
Running time 30–75 minutes
Production company(s) Celador (1998–2007)
2waytraffic (2007–10)
Victory Television (2011–14)
Release
Original network ITV
Picture format 4:3 (1998–99)
16:9 (1999–2014)
Original release 4 September 1998 (1998-09-04) – 11 February 2014 (2014-02-11)
External links
Website

Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? is a British television quiz show that offers a maximum cash prize of one million pounds for correctly answering successive multiple-choice questions of increasing difficulty. One contestant played at a time and originally had no time limit to answer questions. Contestants were presented with the question and possible answers before they decided whether to attempt an answer, use one of their lifelines (50:50, Ask The Audience or Phone a Friend (or later on, Switch)), or walk away with what they have already won.

The show first aired on 4 September 1998 and aired its final episode on 11 February 2014. It was presented by Chris Tarrant and produced by Victory Television for the ITV network. It was based on a format devised by David Briggs, who, along with Steven Knight and Mike Whitehill, devised a number of the promotional games for Chris Tarrant's breakfast show on Capital FM radio. The original working title for the show was Cash Mountain.

One of the most significant shows in British popular culture, it was ranked 23rd in a list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes. The show has been exported to many other countries, all of which follow the same general format. Rights to both the format and all UK episodes of the show were put up for sale by Celador in March 2006, as the first step towards the sale of Celador's formats division. These were acquired by the Dutch company 2waytraffic.[2] 2waytraffic was in turn acquired by Sony Pictures Entertainment in 2008.[3]

On 22 October 2013, it was announced that Tarrant had decided to quit the show after 15 years. Because of this, ITV decided to cancel Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? after the contract finished, stating that there would not be any further specials beyond the ones that had already been planned.[4][5] Tarrant's final live celebrity edition aired on 19 December 2013. On the day before (18 December), Tarrant pre-recorded two other celebrity episodes to be shown in early 2014. The final episode, a clip show entitled "Chris' Final Answer", aired on 11 February 2014.[6]

Long time host Chris Tarrant

Broadcast details

Originally broadcast on successive evenings for around ten days, the series later appeared weekly on ITV in a primetime slot on Saturday evenings, and also occasionally on Tuesday evenings. The episodes lasted for one hour (including commercial breaks). The first contestant was Graham Elwell, who won £64,000.

At its peak in 1999, the show pulled in up to 19 million viewers (an astonishing one in three of the British population), often when it only had a half-hour timeslot, before declining to around 8 million by 2003.[7]

In a list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes drawn up by the British Film Institute in 2000, voted for by industry professionals, Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? was placed 23rd.

Tarrant's catchphrases on the show include "Is that your final answer?", "But we don't want to give you that" (meaning that he would like the contestant to go on and win even more money), more recently at the end of the show, "But the cashpoint is now closed for tonight" or when a contestant is relieved, he sometimes says "Quite pleased, then?"

Variants on the format were screened from time to time as special episodes were produced, such as celebrities playing for charity, couples games (where both partners must agree on the answer), Mother's Day specials, etc.

Since April 2011, only celebrity contestants appeared on the show, in special live editions that coincided with holidays such as Christmas, Mother's Day, Remembrance Day, with the end of a school term, etc. The 'Clock Format' is still used during live celebrity shows. However, during Series 29 in 2012, there were three The People Play specials that were broadcast live for three consecutive nights between 9 and 11 July. These specials featured non-celebrity contestants and allowed viewers to play along at home.[8] A fourth The People Play special aired on 7 May 2013 with a further two broadcast the following Tuesday nights with the last ever People's Play episode for the contestants on 21 May 2013.

Gameplay

Payout structure
Question number Question value
1998–2007 2007–14
1 £100 £500
2 £200 £1,000
3 £300 £2,000
4 £500 £5,000
5 £1,000 £10,000
6 £2,000 £20,000
7 £4,000 £50,000
8 £8,000 £75,000
9 £16,000 £150,000
10 £32,000 £250,000
11 £64,000 £500,000
12 £125,000 £1,000,000
13 £250,000 N/A
14 £500,000
15 £1,000,000

Members of the public applied to appear on the show by calling a premium-rate telephone number or sending a premium-rate text message. Applications could also be made at the ITV website via a system of £1 "credits", as well as through a contestant casting audition. Such auditions are held around the UK at various locations. Contestants were chosen from the large number of applicants through a combination of random selection and ability to answer test general knowledge questions.

Contestants answered a list of 12 increasingly difficult questions to win the top prize of £1 million. Contestants could choose to leave the game at any point and claim the prize for the last correctly answered question without penalty. Answering the second question correctly guarantees that a contestant will leave with no less than £1,000 if they provide an incorrect answer to a later question, and answering the seventh question correctly increases the minimum payout to £50,000. A contestant who answers either the first or second question incorrectly leaves with nothing. The first, third and eight question are called "free" questions, where contestants cannot lose anything if they provide the incorrect answer.

On the final part of each programme whilst a game is in progress, the "Out of time" signal (which usually consists of one long blast of a chord played from brass instruments) is sounded, which Chris refers to as the 'klaxon'. Most recently in the live specials, Chris tells the viewers on the final part that the klaxon could sound to end the game and the question will be null and void (the question won't count). If however a future live special is scheduled, then the contestant will return on the next programme.

Lifelines

Three lifelines were presented at the beginning of the game in order to aid contestants:

1998–2007 format

Prior to 2007, ten contestants competed against each other on each episode in the "Fastest Finger First" round in order to determine which contestant would play the main portion of the game. In the first series, players were to answer a four-choice question similar to those in the main game. However, this was later changed in Series Two, where a question and four answers were presented and each contestant ordered those answers in a specified order (e.g. ranking events chronologically, items in order of size etc.). The contestant who achieved the correct order in the fastest time moved to the second portion of the game. If that contestant chose to stop the game early or was eliminated following an incorrect answer, a new contestant was chosen in the same manner from the remaining nine contestants. If the question is missed, it is thrown out and a new question is played in the same manner.

Additionally, contestants were required to answer 15 questions to win the top prize. The minimum payouts were £1,000 for answering five questions correctly and £32,000 for answering ten questions.

2010 clock format

The UK version adopted the US 'Clock Format' on 3 August 2010, still using the 12-question money tree and that the final 5 questions would not have a time limit (unlike the U.S. version), and using the original lifelines. Contestants also receive a fourth lifeline; "Flip" or "Switch", upon completing question 7.

Contestants would have to answer the first seven questions within a specific time limit: 15 seconds for questions one and two, and 30 seconds for each question thereafter.[9] Questions 8-12 were not timed. If, during the first seven questions, the contestant ran out of time on a question, their winnings would drop back down to either nothing (on question 1 or 2) or the £1,000 milestone (if they passed that point), as if the question had been answered incorrectly. The clock was stopped when a contestant chose to use a lifeline on questions 1-7.

Text game (2004–2007)

On 23 October 2004 the show included a new feature called the "Walkaway Text Game". The competition was offered to viewers at home to play the text game where they had to answer the question, if a contestant decides to walk home with the cash prize they have got, by choosing the letters 'A, B, C or D' within 30 seconds to a specific mobile number. The viewer who answered the question wins £1,000 by having their entries selected randomly.

On 9 September 2006, there were some changes. The competition stayed the same but this time, they play it before some commercial breaks. A question to which the contestant has given their final answer, but the correct answer has not yet been revealed, is offered as a competition to viewers. Entry is via SMS text message at a cost of £1 per entry, and the competition runs through the commercial break, after which the answer is revealed and the game continues. One viewer who answered the question correctly wins £1,000. The text game ended on 28 July 2007.[10][11]

Top prize winners

Judith Keppel (20 November 2000)

£1 million (15 of 15) – no time limit
Which King was married to Eleanor of Aquitaine?
• A: Henry I • B: Henry II
• C: Richard I • D: Henry V
Keppel's £1 million question

Judith Cynthia Aline Keppel (born 18 August 1942),[12] a cash-strapped garden designer at the time, was the first one-million-pound winner and only woman to have won the top prize on the United Kingdom version of the programme.

David Edwards (21 April 2001)

£1 million (15 of 15) – no time limit
If you planted the seeds of Quercus robur, what would grow?
• A: Trees • B: Flowers
• C: Vegetables • D: Grain
Edwards's £1 million question

David Edwards (born 1947 in Barry, South Wales) is a former physics teacher at Cheadle High School and Denstone College in Staffordshire who became the first man to win the million pounds on the British Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? on 21 April 2001, and only the second person to answer all 15 questions correctly, and hence win the prize, after Judith Keppel. He competed in both series of Are You an Egghead?, reaching the last 16 in 2008, and the final in 2009, where he lost to fellow Millionaire winner Pat Gibson.

His million pound question was "If you planted the seeds of Quercus robur, what would grow?" The options were Trees, Flowers, Vegetables and Grain. The correct answer was Trees. He had no lifelines for this question, having used all three on a previous question. The phone-a-friend he used was his son, Richard Edwards (who later won £125,000 on the show).

Charles Ingram (18 September 2001)

£1 million (15 of 15) – no time limit
A number one followed by one hundred zeros is known by what name?
• A: Googol • B: Megatron
• C: Gigabit • D: Nanomole
Ingram's £1 million question

Charles Ingram (born 6 August 1963) is a former British Army major who made headlines in Britain after cheating in the game show Who Wants To Be A Millionaire? in 2001. He was convicted of deception in 2003, and was given an 18-month suspended sentence, although he maintains that he did not cheat.

The ITV programme was produced by Celador at Elstree Studios, Borehamwood, Hertfordshire. After winning £1,000,000, the payout was suspended when Ingram was accused of cheating by having his wife, Diana, and an accomplice, Tecwen Whittock, cough as Ingram announced the correct answer from the available choices. Following a trial at Southwark Crown Court lasting four weeks (including jury deliberation for three-and-a-half days), which ended soon after a jury member was evicted for discussing the case in public, Charles and Diana Ingram and Whittock were convicted by a majority verdict of "procuring the execution of a valuable security by deception" on 7 April 2003. Ingram was then stripped of his winnings.

Robert Brydges (29 September 2001)

£1 million (15 of 15) – no time limit
Which scientific unit is named after an Italian nobleman?
• A: Pascal • B: Ohm
• C: Volt • D: Hertz
Brydges's £1 million question

Robert Kempe Brydges[13] is an Oxford-educated banker from Holland Park, London.[14] He has previously acted as director of GNI Fund Management, an investment brokers firm, earning £300,000 a year and held the position of vice-president of US bank Hanover Trust.[15]

On 29 September 2001, Brydges won £1 million,[16] and became the fourth person to answer the final question correctly.[17][18] Brydges' appearance in the show fuelled controversy because of his wealth prior to participation (see below).

Pat Gibson (24 April 2004)

£1 million (15 of 15) – no time limit
Which of these is not one of the American Triple Crown horse races?
• A: Arlington Million • B: Belmont Stakes
• C: Kentucky Derby • D: Preakness Stakes
Gibson's £1 million question

Pat Gibson (born 19 July 1961 Galway, Ireland) is an Irish quiz player. He is a multiple world champion in quizzing and one of the world's most successful quiz players. He is best known for winning several quiz shows and being a panellist on Eggheads. He was born and educated in Ireland but has lived in the United Kingdom for many years and competes as part of the England quiz team.

On 24 April 2004 he became the fourth contestant to win the £1m jackpot on the quiz show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?. On the question below, he still had his 50:50 and phone a friend. He used the 50:50 first, where B. Belmont Stakes and D. Preakness Stakes disappeared. He then used his phone-a-friend option, phoning Mark Kerr (a highly ranked British quiz player and winner of TV's "Brainiest Estate Agent" title) who said he was 90% sure the answer was Arlington Million, which was Gibson's original instinct. He was the only person in the United Kingdom to reach the one million pound question with two lifelines remaining. He used his Ask-the-Audience on the £64,000 question, and kept 50:50 and phone a friend back until the final question.

He correctly answered 'Arlington Million' to win £1 million.

Ingram Wilcox (23 September 2006)

£1 million (15 of 15) – no time limit
Which boxer was famous for striking the gong in the introduction to J. Arthur Rank films?
• A: Bombardier Billy Wells • B: Freddie Mills
• C: Terry Spinks • D: Don Cockell
Wilcox's £1 million question

Ingram Wilcox (born 1944) is a British quiz enthusiast who is best known for becoming the fifth and final person to win one million pounds on Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? in the United Kingdom on 23 September 2006. When he reached the million-pound question, he had already used up all his lifelines. In two previous appearances he reached the "fastest finger first" stage but did not get through. His final question was "Which boxer was famous for striking the gong in the introduction to J. Arthur Rank films?" He correctly chose Bombardier Billy Wells to win the prize.[19]

Controversies

Incorrect answer to question accepted

In March 1999 contestant Tony Kennedy was asked "Theoretically, what is the minimum number of strokes with which a tennis player can win a set?", with possible answers of 12, 24, 36, and 48. He calculated that a player would need four shots to win a game, with six games in a set, giving an answer of 24. This won him the £64,000 question.

The Daily Mirror newspaper reported the next day, with the pun headline 'Fault!', that a player could win a game without playing a shot if their opponent double-faulted on every serve. This would allow a winning set in 12 strokes, assuming the player aced each of his or her own serves. The programme acknowledged the mistake and apologised for it, but Kennedy was allowed to keep his prize money (an eventual £125,000).[20]

One Foot in the Grave

The broadcast of Judith Keppel's victory as the first jackpot winner on the UK version of Millionaire coincided with the transmission of the final episode of the BBC sitcom One Foot in the Grave.[21] The news of Keppel's win, recorded the preceding Sunday, was leaked to the press; ITV announced Keppel's success at a press conference on the day of broadcast. David Renwick, writer of One Foot was annoyed that this would take audience interest away from the sitcom. He said that the early announcement of the outcome of Millionaire was "naked opportunism", and it "would have been more honorable to let the show go out in the normal way". He pointed out that they also "killed off any element of tension or surprise in their own programme", but "television is all about ratings".[21]

It was alleged that Millionaire's production company Celador had rigged the show to spoil the BBC's expected high ratings for the sitcom's finale. Richard Wilson in particular was quoted as saying that ITV had "planned" the win, adding "it seems a bit unfair to take the audience away from Victor's last moments on earth."[22] Richard Webber's account, in his 2006 book, cites "unnamed BBC sources" as those who "questioned the authenticity of Keppel's victory".[21] ITV was upset at the allegation, claiming that it "undermined viewers' faith in the programme." Leslie Hill, the chairman of ITV, wrote to Sir Christopher Bland, the chairman of the Board of Governors of the BBC, to complain about the issue. The corporation apologised, saying that any suggestion of 'rigging' "did not represent the official view of the BBC."[23] Eleven viewers complained about the quiz show to the Independent Television Commission (ITC), but Millionaire was cleared of any wrongdoing.[24][25][26]

Ambiguous question

On a special Valentine's Day celebrity edition of the show in 2006, which aired 11 February, Laurence Llewelyn-Bowen and Jackie Llewelyn-Bowen reached the £1,000,000 question, which was "Translated from the Latin, what is the official motto of the United States?" The Bowens chose answer A, "In God, We Trust", but the correct answer given was actually answer B, "One out of Many" which is the English translation for the Latin E pluribus unum. Because they answered the £1,000,000 question incorrectly, they lost £468,000. However, the question turned out to be ambiguous, as "In God, We Trust" is the legal motto for the United States; the phrase is found on many American coins, though it is not of Latin origin. Because of this, they were invited back to play again, reinstating their previously lost £468,000 to bring them back up to £500,000. The contestants decided not to risk it this time and left with the £500,000.[27]

No other contestant since then has ever lost £468,000. Before that, the most money ever lost was £218,000, which has occurred twice when contestants have answered the 14th question incorrectly, lowering their prize from £250,000 to just £32,000. The two contestants were Duncan Bickley and Rob Mitchell in October 2000 and October 2003 respectively.

Charles Ingram affair

Main article: Charles Ingram
Charles Ingram and his wife Diana.

In an episode of the show recorded on 9 and 10 September 2001, Charles Ingram won the £1 million prize. During the recording it was noticed that a suspicious pattern of coughing could be heard. Ingram's unusual behaviour in the hot seat also drew attention. Analysed, it was believed that another contestant, Tecwen Whittock, sitting behind him, was offering him prompts in the form of coughs, indicating the correct answers. On some of the questions, Ingram read aloud all of the four answers, until a significant cough was heard, before choosing his answer. In some cases, he dismissed an answer, read aloud the answer choices again, and then picked the answer that he had earlier dismissed. It also appeared on the tapes that after Ingram repeated a particular incorrect answer several times believing it to be correct, Whittock coughed and then loudly whispered 'No!'

After Ingram won the million, Whittock won the next Fastest Finger game and so took to the hotseat. He reached the £4,000 mark, but dropped back to £1,000 after answering a cookery question incorrectly.

The Prosecution suggested that Ingram's wife, Diana (who had won £32,000 on a previous show, as had her brother), had organised the scam. Pager telephone records revealed what appeared to be a practice session for another plan to cheat the system that was not subsequently carried out. The Prosecution claimed that the original plan was for Ingram to hide four pagers on his body that would vibrate when an accomplice called the pager indicating the correct answer. It would seem that during one of Diana's questions, an audible cough could be heard after Tarrant had read out all the questions to her, with the cough landing at the end of the correct answer.

Following a trial at Southwark Crown Court lasting four weeks, Ingram, his wife Diana, and Whittock were convicted of "procuring the execution of a valuable security by deception" on 7 April 2003. Ingram and his wife were each given suspended 18-month prison sentences and fined £15,000, while Whittock received a 12-month suspended sentence and was fined £10,000. Together with legal costs, the Ingrams had to pay £115,000, in addition to not receiving his £1,000,000.

Despite the conviction, the Ingrams and Whittock continue to deny that they colluded or acted dishonestly. They appealed against the conviction. An ITV documentary entitled Millionaire: A Major Fraud, presented by Martin Bashir, was broadcast in Britain on 21 April 2003 with a follow-up two weeks later, Millionaire: The Final Answer.[28] Excerpts from the recording were broadcast but with enhanced audio highlighting the coughs emanating, the Prosecution alleged, from Whittock. Immediately after Major Fraud, the uncut recording, but again with enhanced audio, was broadcast on ITV2. Major Fraud included additional video recorded during the programme of Mrs. Ingram sitting in the audience and apparently prompting Major Ingram with her own coughing and making glances in the direction of Whittock. Major Fraud also contained interviews with production staff and some contestants present at the recording describing how they felt that something unusual had been happening. The defendants declined to be interviewed for the programme. Ingram described Major Fraud and the programme broadcast on ITV2 as "one of the greatest TV editing con tricks in history".

On 24 July 2003, the British Army ordered Charles Ingram to resign his commission as a Major.

James Plaskett has argued in favour of the innocence of Ingram, his wife, and Whittock.[29] Plaskett's essay led to journalist Bob Woffinden, who had a long-time interest in miscarriages of justice, publishing a two-page article in the 9 October 2004 edition of the British newspaper the Daily Mail entitled 'Is the Coughing Major Innocent?' Jon Ronson, who attended the trial and had written two articles about it in The Guardian, wrote a piece about Plaskett's theory entitled 'Are the Millionaire three innocent?'[30] In 2015 Woffinden and Plaskett published a book entitled Bad Show: The Quiz, the Cough, the Millionaire Major, arguing that Ingram's appearance on the show coinciding with Whittock's was "chance".[31]

Plaskett may also be heard at Episode 29 of The Pod Delusion podcast[32] being interviewed by political blogger, Mark Thompson, who was himself led by Plaskett's essay to take an interest in the case of The Millionaire Three. In January 2006, Plaskett himself made it into the hot seat and won £250,000. He subsequently sponsored Ingram for £25,000 to run the 2006 Flora London Marathon for the charity SENSE.

Robert Brydges affair

The participation of Robert Brydges raised the ire of Brydges's neighbour, Sarah Elliott, who said "Bob is loaded. When I found out he was going on the show I knew he would win. He's as sharp as a razor and has no problem under pressure. But gambling on the tricky questions must be a lot easier when you're already worth millions. I suppose £16,000 must seem like loose change to him."[15] Elliott's grandmother was less kind, saying "It is so unfair that someone like Robert should be allowed on the show. That family certainly does not need the money. It won't make any difference to them because they're filthy rich and live like millionaires anyway."[16] In addition, the show has been called elitist: presenter Eamonn Holmes suggested live on GMTV that only millionaires or minor royals had a chance of winning the prize.[33] A spokesman for Celador responded "Everybody has an equal chance to get on. It is impossible for us to check how much money people already have when they get on the show. We'd love a penniless binman as our next winner, but it never happens."[15]

Phone-a-Friend

The Phone-a-Friend lifeline provided multiple instances of controversy during the show's run. A 2002 edition of the Daily Mail reported that many contestants had selected strangers who were "contacts among the quizzing fraternity"[34] to act as their Phone-a-Friends. Specifically, game show champion Daphne Fowler was approached by a man she had not previously met and asked if she would be his lifeline in exchange for £200. Fowler denied, adding: "I thought a fair price would be a quarter of whatever the man won, so if I helped him get from £32,000 to £64,000 I would expect to get £16,000."[35] The man was later revealed by ITV sources not to have made it onto the programme.[35]

In March 2007 various UK newspapers reported that an organised syndicate had been getting quiz enthusiasts onto the show in return for a percentage of their winnings. The person behind the syndicate was Keith Burgess from Northern Ireland. Burgess admitted to helping around 200 contestants to appear on the show since 1999; he estimates those contestants to have won around £5,000,000. The show producers are believed to have been aware of this operation, with Burgess stating: "The show knows about me and these types of syndicates, but they cover it up to keep the show going."[36][37] An earlier version of a Phone a Friend syndicate was reported in the Northampton Chronicle and Echo during 2003.[38] Paul Smith, the Managing Director of Celador Productions, stated: "We are aware of Paddy Spooner and what people similar to him are doing, and we have made a priority of changing our question procedure. We are confident we have now made it impossible for anyone to manipulate the system."[38] Since then, the options of people that can be called have a picture of themselves shown on-air.

Series overview

The show aired from 1998 to 2014 on ITV. Over this time, 30 series and 592 episodes were aired in total.

Series Start date End date Episodes
1 4 September 1998 25 December 1998 11
2 1 January 1999 13 January 1999 13
3 5 March 1999 16 March 1999 12
4 3 September 1999 14 September 1999 13
5 5 November 1999 26 December 1999 18
6 16 January 2000 22 January 2000 7
7 26 March 2000 1 May 2000 13
8 7 September 2000 6 January 2001 55
9 8 January 2001 26 April 2001 45
10 4 September 2001 29 December 2001 43
11 5 January 2002 9 April 2002 55
12 31 August 2002 28 December 2002 19
13 4 January 2003 31 May 2003 22
14 30 August 2003 27 December 2003 21
15 3 January 2004 5 June 2004 23
16 18 September 2004 25 December 2004 16
17 1 January 2005 11 June 2005 24
18 17 September 2005 31 December 2005 11
19 7 January 2006 8 July 2006 27
20 9 September 2006 6 January 2007 13
21 10 March 2007 28 July 2007 17
22 18 August 2007 30 October 2007 11
23 1 January 2008 3 June 2008 19
24 16 August 2008 31 January 2009 18
25 13 June 2009 20 December 2009 20
26 13 April 2010 8 June 2010 8
27 3 August 2010 23 December 2010 11
28 2 April 2011 19 December 2011 6
29 3 January 2012 20 December 2012 11
30 1 January 2013 11 February 2014 11

References

Footnotes

  1. ↑ "BIOGRAPHY".
  2. ↑ Loveday, Samantha (1 December 2006). "New owners take on Celador International and Millionaire brand". toynews-online.biz. Retrieved 30 August 2014.
  3. ↑ Levine, Stuart (4 June 2008). "Sony Pictures acquires 2waytraffic". Variety. Archived from the original on 8 March 2014. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
  4. ↑ "Who Wants To Be A Millionaire axed as host Chris Tarrant decided 'it was time to take a break'". Daily Mirror. Retrieved 22 October 2013.
  5. ↑ "Millionaire axed as Tarrant quits". u.tv. Retrieved 22 October 2013.
  6. ↑ "'I've loved every minute': An emotional Chris Tarrant bids farewell as Who Wants To Be A Millionaire bows out after 16-years". Daily Mail. 5 February 2014. Retrieved 5 February 2014.
  7. ↑ "Millionaire: A TV phenomenon". BBC News. 3 March 2003. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
  8. ↑ "This summer, Who Wants To Be A Millionaire? will once again be going live, but this time with the Great British public in the hotseat!". ITV. Archived from the original on 30 May 2012. Retrieved 7 November 2012.
  9. ↑ Kilkelly, Daniel (23 June 2010). "Format changes ahead for 'Millionaire'". Digital Spy. Hearst Magazines UK. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
  10. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20110713070556/http://millionaire.itv.com/viewergame.php?howtoplay=1. Archived from the original on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 3 November 2010. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  11. ↑ "Millionaire—Walkaway Game". itv.com. Archived from the original on 24 July 2008. Retrieved 25 September 2007.
  12. ↑ Charles Mosley (ed.), Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage (London: Burke's Peerage, 1999)
  13. ↑ "Fourth Millionaire 'is millionaire'". BBC. 27 September 2001. Retrieved 1 August 2014.
  14. ↑ "'Millionaire' quiz show aims to broaden appeal". London: The Telegraph. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
  15. 1 2 3 "Fourth contestant wins 'Millionaire'". Digital Spy. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
  16. 1 2 Cohen, Nadia. "The man who won a million". London: Daily Mail. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
  17. ↑ "THANKS A MILLION.. WE'RE BOTH WINNERS; EXCLUSIVE: Couple each scoop TV prize.". Free Online Library. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
  18. ↑ "So I phoned a friend - part one". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
  19. ↑ The last Gongman, Ken Richmond, had died on 3 August 2006, not long before the show was recorded.
  20. ↑ "Who Wants to be a Millionaire?". UKGameshows.com. Retrieved 10 July 2012.
  21. 1 2 3 Webber 2006, p. 184
  22. ↑ "Wilson: Millionaire win 'planned'". BBC News. 22 November 2000. Retrieved 28 January 2007.
  23. ↑ Judd, Terri (2 December 2000). "BBC apologises for 'Millionaire' dirty tricks slur". The Independent. London.
  24. ↑ "Millionaire? cleared of ratings 'fix'". BBC News. 15 January 2001. Retrieved 28 January 2007.
  25. ↑ Casey & Calvert 2008, p. 128
  26. ↑ Dyja 2002, p. 20
  27. ↑ Whitehead, Jennifer (13 January 2006). "Llewelyn-Bowen gets second chance at 'Millionaire' jackpot after unfair question". Brand Republic. Haymarket Media Group. Retrieved 12 October 2014.
  28. ↑ Day, Julian (22 April 2003). "The cough carries it off". The Guardian. Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
  29. ↑ Archived 22 August 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
  30. ↑ Ronson, Jon (17 July 2006). "Are the Millionaire three innocent?". London: The Guardian. Archived from the original on 19 November 2007. Retrieved 25 September 2007.
  31. ↑ Winchester, Levi (17 January 2015). "'Coughing Major' was INNOCENT of cheating on Who Wants to be a Millionaire, says new book". Daily Express. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
  32. ↑ "Episode 29 – 9th April 2010". The Pod Delusion. 2010-04-09. Retrieved 2015-07-24.
  33. ↑ "Millionaire winner denies elitist claim". BBC. 1 October 2001. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  34. ↑ Woffinden; Plaskett, p.55
  35. 1 2 Conlan, Tara (18 April 2002). "I'll phone a stranger". Daily Mail. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
  36. ↑ "Phoney a Friend". Sunday Mirror. 18 March 2007.
  37. ↑ "Quiz syndicate leader denies wrongdoing". crewechronicle.co.uk. 23 March 2007. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
  38. 1 2 "Millionaire syndicate is probed". northamptonchron.co.uk. 23 April 2003. Retrieved 25 August 2014.

Bibliography

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