Robert I of France

Robert I
King of West Francia
King of the Franks (more...)
Reign	29 June 922 – 15 June 923
Coronation	29 June 922, Rheims
Predecessor	Charles the Simple
Successor	Rudolph of France
Born	866
Died	15 June 923 (56 o 57) Soissons, France
Issue	Emma of France Adel of France Hugh the Great
House	Robertian
Father	Robert the Strong
Mother	Adelaide of Tours

Robert I of France (866 – June 15, 923) was the elected King of West Francia from 922 to 923. Before his election to the throne he was Count of Poitiers, Count of Paris and Marquis of Neustria and Orléans. He succeeded the overthrown Carolingian king Charles the Simple, who in 898 had succeeded Robert's brother, king Odo.

Life

Robert was born in 866 as the posthumous son of Robert the Strong, count of Anjou, and the brother of Odo, who was elected king of West Francia in 888.^[1] In time West Francia evolved into Kingdom of France;^[2] and under Odo, the royal capital was fixed in Paris. Robert and Odo came from the Robertian dynasty out of which the Capetian dynasty grew.^[3]

In 885 Robert participated in the defence of Paris during the Viking siege of Paris.^[4] He was appointed by Odo as the ruler of several counties, including the county of Paris, and abbot in commendam of many abbeys. Robert also secured the office of Dux Francorum, a military dignity of high importance.

He did not claim the crown of West Francia when his brother died in 898; instead recognizing the supremacy of the Carolingian king, Charles the Simple. Charles then confirmed Robert in his offices and possessions, after which he continued to defend northern Francia from the attacks of Vikings. Robert defeated a large band of Vikings in the Loire Valley in 921, after which the defeated invaders converted to Christianity and settled near Nantes.^[5]

King

The peace between the king Charles the Simple and his powerful vassal was not seriously disturbed until about 921 when Charles' favoritism towards Hagano aroused rebellion. Supported by many of the clergy and by some of the most powerful of the Frankish nobles, Robert took up arms, drove Charles into Lorraine, and was himself crowned king of the Franks (rex Francorum) at Rheims on 29 June 922.^[6] Robert's rule was contested by the Viking leader Rollo, who had settled in Duchy of Normandy in 911 with the permission of Charles the Simple. During Robert's reign, Rollo remained loyal to Charles, who continued to contest his deposition.^[5] Gathering an army, Charles marched against Robert, and on 15 June 923 in a battle near Soissons Robert was killed. However, his army won the battle and Charles was captured.^[7] Charles remained a captive until his death in 929. Robert was succeeded as king by his son-in-law Rudolph, Count of Burgundy, also known as Raoul.^[8]

Family

Robert's first wife was Aelis.^[9] By her, he had:

• Hildebrant of France (b. circa 887, d. 931) to Herbert II of Vermandois^[10][11]

and (according to Wilhelm Karl, Prinz zu Isenburg's "Europäische Stammtafeln", Vol. II, Tafel 10, but see below)

• Emma of France (d. circa 13 Sep 935), married to Rudolph, Duke of Burgundy.

Robert married for the second time c. 890 to Béatrice of Vermandois, daughter of Herbert I of Vermandois.^[1] Together they had:

• Emma of France (894–935), married to Rudolph, Duke of Burgundy^[10]
• Hugh the Great,(898-956) who was later dux Francorum.^[1] Hugh was the father of the future Hugh Capet, King of the Franks.^[12]

References

1. Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band II (Marburg, Germany: Verlag von J. A. Stargardt, 1984), Tafel 10
2. Colin Jones, The Cambridge Illustrated History of France (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), p. 74
3. Jim Bradbury, The Capetians: kings of France, 987-1328 (London: Hambledon Continuum, 2007), p. 34
4. Robert F. Berkhofer, Day of Reckoning: Power and Accountability in Medieval France (Philadelphia, Pa. University of Pennsylvania Press 2004). p. 29
5. Roger Collins, Early Medieval Europe, 300–1000, Second Edition (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999), pp. 376-7
6. The Annals of Flodoard of Reims, 916–966, eds & trans. Steven Fanning: Bernard S. Bachrach (New York; Ontario, Can: University of Toronto Press, 2011), pp. 6-7
7. The Annals of Flodoard of Reims, 916–966, eds & trans. Steven Fanning: Bernard S. Bachrach (New York; Ontario, Can: University of Toronto Press, 2011), pp. 7-8
8. Roger Collins, Early Medieval Europe, 300–1000, Second Edition (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999), p. 361
9. The Annals of Flodoard of Reims, 916–966, eds & trans. Steven Fanning: Bernard S. Bachrach (New York; Ontario, Can: University of Toronto Press, 2011), p. 92
10. Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band III Teilband 1 (Marburg, Germany: J. A. Stargardt, 1984), Tafel 49
11. The Annals of Flodoard of Reims, 916–966, eds & trans. Steven Fanning: Bernard S. Bachrach (New York; Ontario, Can: University of Toronto Press, 2011), pp. 21 n. 77, 92
12. Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band II (Marburg, Germany: Verlag von J. A. Stargardt, 1984), Tafel 11

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "^{article name needed}". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.