Silphium (genus)

This article is about the plant genus. For the extinct ancient plant, see Silphium.
rosinweeds
Silphium integrifolium
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Asteroideae
Tribe: Heliantheae[1]
Genus: Silphium
L.
Type species
Silphium asteriscus
L.

Silphium is a genus of North American plants in the sunflower tribe within the daisy family.[2][3]

Members of the genus, commonly known as rosinweeds, are herbaceous perennial plants growing to 0.5–4 m tall, with yellow (rarely white) flowerheads. The name of the genus comes from the Ancient Greek word for a North African plant whose identity has been lost, though it is known its gum or juice was prized by the ancients as a medicine and a condiment.[4]

Species[1][4][5][6][7][8]
  1. Silphium albiflorum A.Gray – white rosinweed – TX
  2. Silphium asteriscus L. – starry rosinweed – TX OK LA AR MO IL IN KY TN AL MS GA FL SC NC VA WV OH MD PA NY
  3. Silphium brachiatum Gatt. – Cumberland rosinweed – TN AL GA
  4. Silphium compositum Michx. – kidneyleaf rosinweed – TN AL GA FL SC NC VA WV
  5. Silphium glutinosum J.R. Allison AL
  6. Silphium integrifolium Michx. – wholeleaf rosinweed – NM TX LA OK AR MO KS CO WY SD NE IA IL IN KY TN MS AL WI MI MA ONT
  7. Silphium laciniatum L. – compassplant – NM TX LA OK AR MO KS CO SD NE MN IA IL IN KY TN MS AL WI MI VA PA NY ONT
  8. Silphium laeve Hook. – WA ID
  9. Silphium mohrii Small – Mohr's rosinweed – TN AL GA
  10. Silphium perfoliatum L. – cup plant – NM TX LA OK AR MO KS CO SD ND NE MN IA IL INKY TN MS AL WI MI NC VA DE PA NY NJ CT RI MA VT NH ME ONT QUE NB
  11. Silphium perplexum J.R.Allison – Old Cahaba rosinweed – AL
  12. Silphium pinnatifidum Elliott – Cutleaf prairie dock – AL GA KY TN
  13. Silphium radula Nutt. – roughstem rosinweed – KS MO AR OK TX LA
  14. Silphium terebinthinaceum Jacq. – prairie rosinweed, prairie dock – IA MO AR MS AL GA SC NC VA WV TN KY OH IN IL WI MI NY ONT
  15. Silphium ternatum Sessé & Moc. – Mexico
  16. Silphium trifoliatum L. – whorled rosinweed – AL GA IN KY MD NC SC OH PA VA WV
  17. Silphium wasiotense M.Medley – Appalachian rosinweed – KY TN
Formerly included[1]

numerous species now regarded as members of other genera: Berlandiera Verbesina

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist
  2. ↑ Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 2: 919-920 in Latin
  3. ↑ Tropicos, Silphium L.
  4. 1 2 Clevinger, Jennifer A. "Silphium ". Flora of North America (FNA). Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 2008-06-24 – via eFloras.org.
  5. ↑ International Organization for Plant Information (IOPI). "Plant Name Search". International Plant Names Index. Retrieved 2008-06-24.
  6. ↑ "Silphium". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 2008-06-24.
  7. ↑ "Silphium". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Retrieved 2011-02-16.
  8. ↑ "Silphium". County-level distribution maps from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2013.


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