Rzhyshchiv

Rzhyshchiv Ржищів
Town
House of Culture in Rzhyshchiv
Flag Coat of arms
Rzhyshchiv
Coordinates: UA 49°57′40″N 31°02′37″E / 49.96111°N 31.04361°ECoordinates: UA 49°57′40″N 31°02′37″E / 49.96111°N 31.04361°E
Country	Ukraine
Oblast	Kiev Oblast
Founded	1151
Area
• Total	35.6 km^2 (13.7 sq mi)
Population (2013)
• Total	7,532
• Density	210/km^2 (550/sq mi)
Time zone	EET (UTC+2)
• Summer (DST)	EEST (UTC+3)
Area code(s)	+380 4573
Website	www.rzhyschiv-rada.gov.ua

Rzhyshchiv (Ukrainian: Ржищів, Russian: Ржищев, Yiddish: אירזיסטשוב‎, Polish: Rzyszczów, known also by several alternative names in Yiddish) is a city in Kiev Oblast (province) of Ukraine. Administratively, it is incorporated as a town of oblast significance. Population: 7,532 (2013 est.)^[1].

Names

In Yiddish, formerly a primary language of the city, the name has been recorded in different forms throughout its history including אורזיזטשוב, רזיזטשוב, אורזיזטשיב, רזיזטשיב, אורזישטשב , רזישטשב , אורזיסטשוב, רזיסטשוב, אירזיסטשיב, רזיסטשיב, אורזישטשיב , רזישטשיב , אירזישטשיב , רעזישטשיב , רזישטשעב, אירזיזטשיב. In english it has been recorded as Rzhyshchiv, Rzhishchev, Rezhishchev, Rezhyschiv, Rzysciv, Orzistchov, Irzyszczów.

Jewish Community

According to archival sources, a Jewish community appeared in Rzhyschiv at the end of the 18th century. From 1802 onwards, the town was the centre of a Hasidic dynasty. According to the census of 1847, Rzhyschiv’s Jewish community numbered 1,543 people. By 1852 there was a synagogue in Rzhyshchiv. The Jewish area of the town was located behind the market. In his description of Kiev Guberniya, historian L. Pokhilevich writes: “At the beginning of the 20th century, Rzhyschiv occupied a prominent place among the trade centres of Kiev Guberniya, trading particularly in grain sent along the Dnieper River to Lithuania.” In 1858, a large beet-sugar factory owned by Berdichev banker Halperin was built in Rzhyschiv. According to the census of 1897, Rzhyshchev’s population numbered 11,629 inhabitants, of which 6,008 were Jewish. In 1910, there is evidence of a Jewish school in the town. Rzhyschiv’s Jewish community was not only large but also rich, as confirmed by the list of Kiev Oblast’s Jewish merchants and manufacturers compiled by Kiev City Duma in 1907. It features 150 surnames belonging to inhabitants of Rzhyschiv, 47 of which owned real estate to the value of 1,000 roubles and more, including the Lishchinsky family (brothers Herman Yoskovich and Mendel Yoskovich, Mendel Gershko’s son) that owned real estate amounting to 8,200 roubles; Podraysky Vigdor Nisonov (real estate valued at 5,000 roubles); the Polissky manufacturing family (Gersh Aron Avrum Polissky’s real estate was valued at 4,200 roubles); Skidelsky El Duvid Yankelev (4,000 roubles); and manufacturer Movsha Leybovich Gohbarg (2,700 roubles).

The enviable economic situation may have encouraged tzaddikim from the Ostrog dynasty to take up residence in Rzhyschiv. The first admor of Rzhyshchev (Urzhyshchev in the Hasidic tradition) was Rabbi Moshe Mendl of Urzhyshchev, the son of Rabbi Pinkhas of Ostrog. He was brought up in the house of ‘the Shpoler Zeyde’; in 1802, he took the place of the town’s Hasidic leader and founded a dynasty that existed until the Holocaust. Little is known about his son, Rabbi Yosef of Urzhyshchev, who inherited his father’s place. Rabbi Yaakov Yosef’s sons lived during the dynasty’s heyday. The first, Rabbi Avraam Mendl of Urzhyshchev (? - 1910) was one of very few admors who openly supported the Zionist movement. His impassioned letter in support of the Hibat Zion movement was published in the Shivat Zion collection, and it is said that he sang Hatikva with tears in his eyes at the wedding of one of his grandsons. The second son, Rabbi Elyakim Gets of Urzhyshchev-Kozin (? - 1894), at first took his father’s place but then ceded this to his brother and moved to Kozyn. He wrote ‘Imrey Emet’, published in Berdichev; its title’s gematria is equal to the gematria of the author and his father’s names. Rabbi Avraam Mendl of Urzhyshchev had three sons. Rabbi Isaya Mendl of Urzhyshchev became the Urzhyshchev admor after his father’s death in 1910. He was an outstanding scientist, and was also renowned for his generosity. Rabbi Isaya was killed during one of the pogroms of the spring of 1919. His place was taken by Rabbi Avraam’s second son, Rabbi Yaakov Yosef Mendl of Urzhyshchev, who was the Urzhyshchev admor from 1919. Nothing is known about the third brother, Rabbi David, but his son, Rabbi Moshe Mendl of Urzhyshchev-Kiev was the Urzhyshchev admor in Kiev. He died in the Holocaust. The son of Rabbi Elyakim Gets of Urzhyshchev-Kozin, Rabbi Yaakov-Yosef of Kozin, took his father’s place in Kozyn and moved to Bohuslav from there. His fate under Soviet government is not known. In 1864, a conflict between the Hasids of Rzhyshchev’s admor and the followers of the other tzaddikim arose. The other tzaddikim had come to Rzhyshchev to collect donations: “it is clear that”, David Asaf writes, “the invader was showered with stones and nearly killed.” There were many other disagreements, and the Rzhyshchev tzaddik was even accused of counterfeiting.

Notable people

• Lamed Shapiro, Jewish-Ukrainian-American Yiddish author.
• Lina Kostenko, Ukrainian poet and writer

Gallery

• 
  Trinity Church
• 
  Rzhyshchiv Humanities College
• 
  Dnieper River near Rzhyshchiv

References

1. "Чисельність наявного населення України (Actual population of Ukraine)" (in Ukrainian). State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Retrieved 21 January 2015.