Selous Game Reserve

Selous Game Reserve
IUCN category IV (habitat/species management area)

Elephants in the Selous Game Reserve
Map showing the location of Selous Game Reserve
Location Tanzania
Coordinates 9°0′S 37°24′E / 9.000°S 37.400°E / -9.000; 37.400Coordinates: 9°0′S 37°24′E / 9.000°S 37.400°E / -9.000; 37.400
Area 54,600 km²
Established 1922
Type Natural
Criteria ix, x
Designated 1982 (6th session)
Reference no. 199
State Party Tanzania
Region Africa

The Selous Game Reserve is one of the largest faunal reserves of the world, located in the south of Tanzania. It was named after Englishman Sir Frederick Selous, a famous big game hunter and early conservationist, who died at Beho Beho in this territory in 1917 while fighting against the Germans during World War I. Scottish explorer and cartographer Keith Johnston also died at Beho Beho in 1879 while leading a RSGS expedition to the Great Lakes of Africa with Joseph Thomson. The Selous was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1982 due to the diversity of its wildlife and undisturbed nature.

The reserve covers a total area of 54,600 km2 (21,100 sq mi) and has additional buffer zones. Within the reserve no permanent human habitation or permanent structures are permitted. All (human) entry and exit is carefully controlled by the Wildlife Division of the Tanzanian Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism. Some of the typical animals of the savanna (for example African Bush Elephants, Black Rhino, Hippo, Masai Lions, East African Wild Dogs, Cheetahs, Cape Buffaloes, Masai Giraffes and Nile crocodiles) can be found in this park in larger numbers than in any other African game reserve or national park.

History

The area was first designated a protected area in 1896 by the German Governor Hermann von Wissmann and became a hunting reserve in 1905.

Description

Most of the reserve remains set aside for game hunting through a number of privately leased hunting concessions, but a section of the northern park along the Rufiji River has been designated a photographic zone and is a popular tourist destination. There are several high end lodges and camps mainly situated along the river and lake systems in this area. Rather difficult road access means most visitors arrive by small aircraft from Dar es Salaam, though train access is also possible.

Interesting places in the park include the Rufiji River, which flows into the Indian Ocean opposite Mafia Island and the Stiegler Gorge, a canyon of 100 metres depth and 100 metres width. Habitats include grassland, typical Acacia savanna, wetlands and extensive Miombo woodlands. Although total wildlife populations are high,[1] the reserve is large and densities of animals are lower than in the more regularly visited northern tourist circuit of Tanzania.[2]

Walking safaris are permitted in the Selous, and boat trips on the Rufiji are a popular activity. A boundary change to allow the use of uranium deposits has been approved.[3] The approval for the boundary change was given by the UNESCO and seriously criticized by environmentalists and organizations e.g., Uranium-Network[4] and Rainforest Rescue.[5]

In 1976, the Selous Game Reserve contained about 109,000 elephants, then the largest in the world.[6] By 2013, the numbers had dropped to about 13,000 - including a 66% drop from 2009 to 2013.[7] Sources blame corrupt politicians, officials and businessmen who help poachers.[6][7][8]

Literature

References

  1. ↑ "Selous Game Reserve" (PDF). Retrieved 18 January 2011.
  2. ↑ Baldus, Rolf D. (2009). Wild Heart of Africa. The Selous Game Reserve in Tanzania. Johannesburg: Rowland Ward Publications. ISBN 978-0-9802626-7-4.
  3. ↑ http://thecitizen.co.tz/magazines/37-tanzania-top-news-story/23732-dar-wins-uranium-battle.html
  4. ↑ http://www.uranium-network.org/index.php/africalink/tanzania/253-press-release-re-world-heritage-comittee-decision-on-selous-game-reserve-boundary-changes
  5. ↑ https://rainforest-rescue.org/mailalert/883/unesco-sacrifices-wildlife-preserve-for-uranium-mine
  6. 1 2 Vera, Varun and Ewing, Thomas (April 2014) Ivory's Curse Born Free USA and C4ADS, Retrieved 16 May 2014
  7. 1 2 Schiffman, Richard (17 May 2014) "Ivory feeds Africa's wars" The New Scientist, Volume 222, No 2969, page 10, also available on the Internet but may need a subscription
  8. ↑ Fletcher, Martin (16 May 2014) Haul of shame The Daily Mail, Retrieved 16 May 2014
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