Shakespeare Jubilee
The Shakespeare Jubilee was staged in Stratford-upon-Avon between 6–8 September 1769.[1] The jubilee was organised by the actor and theatre manager David Garrick to celebrate the Jubilee of the birth of William Shakespeare, although it was in 1616 when he died. It had a major impact on the rising tide of bardolatry that led to Shakespeare becoming established as the English national poet. Thomas Arne composed the song Soft Flowing Avon for the Jubilee.
Stratford was at the time a town of around 2,200.[2] Garrick, Britain's most famous Shakespearean actor and influential theater owner-manager, had the idea for the Jubilee when he was approached by the town's leaders who wanted him to fund a statue of Shakespeare to stand in the Town Hall. Garrick planned a major celebration with major figures from London's cultural, political and economic world attending. He oversaw the construction of a large rotunda, based on the one in Ranelagh Gardens in London, which could hold 1,000 spectators.[3] "It is difficult to exaggerate how much space in the papers in the weeks and months beforehand was devoted to discussion of the Jubilee, announcing details of the program, advertising various accoutrements, reporting progress, speculating about its form, and attacking it."[4]
The Jubilee opened on 6 September with the firing of thirty cannons and the ringing of church bells.[5] Various events were held to commemorate Shakespeare's life. It drew in many people from fashionable society, or involved in the London theater. There were seven hundred people at the dinner on the first day. [6] On the second day bad weather began to disrupt the proceedings and flooded parts of the Rotunda when the banks of the River Avon broke. The highlights of the second day were the unveiling of the new statue at the Town Hall and a masquerade held in the evening.[7] Another notable event from the second day of the Jubilee was a speech by Garrick thanking the Shakespeare Ladies Club for making Shakespeare popular again and for their contribution to the memorial statue of Shakespeare in Poet's Corner in Westminster Abbey.[8][9] The third day was to have seen a grand Shakespeare Pageant but the heavy rain forced this to be cancelled. Garrick later staged the Pageant in the Drury Lane Theatre where it was a success - running for ninety performances.[10]
It was the first jubilee celebration of Shakespeare's life, although it was held more than five years after the bicentenary of his birth in April 1564.[11] In spite of the impact it had on the rising popularity of Shakespeare and his works, none of his plays were performed during the Jubilee.[12]
References
- ↑ Cunningham p.106
- ↑ Pierce p.4
- ↑ Pierce p.4-5
- ↑ Tankard p.18
- ↑ Deelman p.175
- ↑ Deelman p.177
- ↑ Pierce p.8-9
- ↑ Stochholm p. 91
- ↑ Dobson, p. 148
- ↑ Pierce p.9-10
- ↑ Pierce p.4
- ↑ Pierce p.9
Bibliography
- Cunningham, Vanessa. Shakespeare and Garrick. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
- Deelman, Christian. The Great Shakespeare Jubilee. London: Joseph, 1964.
- Dobson, Michael (1992), The Making of the National Poet: Shakespeare, Adaptation and Authorship, 1660-1769, Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, ISBN 0198183232.
- Pierce, Patricia. The Great Shakespeare Fraud: The Strange, True Story of William-Henry Ireland. Sutton Publishing, 2005.
- Stochholm, Johanne (1964), Garrick's Folly: The Shakespeare Jubilee of 1769 at Stratford and Drury Lane, New York: Barnes & Noble Inc.
- Tankard, Paul, ed. "The Stratford Jubilee". Facts and Inventions: Selections from the Journalism of James Boswell. Edited by Paul Tankard. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014. Pp. 17-34. ISBN 978-0-300-14126-9