Six-bar linkage

Six-bar linkage from Kinematics of Machinery, 1876

A six-bar linkage is a one degree-of-freedom mechanism that is constructed from six links and seven joints.^[1] An example is the Klann linkage used to drive the legs of a walking machine.

In general, each joint of a linkage connects two links, and a binary link supports two joints. If we consider a hexagon to be constructed from six binary links with six of the seven joints forming its vertices, then, the seventh joint can be added to connect two sides of the hexagon to forming a six-bar linkage with two ternary links connected by one joint. This type of six-bar linkage is said to have the Watt topology.^[2]

A six-bar linkage can also be constructed by first assembling five binary links into a pentagon, which uses five of the seven joints, and then completing the linkage by adding a binary link that connects two sides of the pentagon. This again creates two ternary links that are now separated by one or more binary links. This type of six-bar linkage is said to have the Stephenson topology.

The Klann linkage has the Stephenson topology.

Watt six-bar linkage

Watt's parallel motion generator consists of the four-bar linkage that has a coupler curve that traces an approximately straight line trajectory, combined with a parallelogram linkage that copies this straight line movement to a desired location. This configuration of a six bars and seven joints has two four-bar loops.

A six-bar linkage with a rectilinear moving link. Click to enlarge and animate.

Stephenson six-bar linkage

The six-bars and seven joints of the Stephenson linkage comprise one four-bar loop and one five-bar loop. It has two ternary links that are separated by a binary link. This means the two ternary links are not connected to each other by a joint as in the case of the Watt topology.

The Stephenson has three forms depending on the link that is selected as the frame, which are denoted Stephenson I, II and III.

See also

• Mechanism (engineering)
• Linkage (mechanical)

References

1. J. M. McCarthy and G. S. Soh, Geometric Design of Linkages, 2nd Edition, Springer 2010
2. An animation of a six-bar linkage with the Watt topology.

External links

• A six-bar straight-line linkage in the collection of Reuleaux models at Cornell University
• Mechanism animations including the Klann linkage
• Example of a six-bar function generator that compute the angle for a given range.
• Animations of six-bar linkage for a bicycle suspension.
• A variety of six-bar linkage designs.
• Lecture on the design of six-bar and eight-bar linkages
• Article about patents and six-bar linkages