Snoqualmie people

For other uses, see Snoqualmie (disambiguation).

Snoqualmie
*Sduk-al-bixw*
Total population
Snoqualmie Indian Tribe's former office in Snoqualmie, Washington
1,500^[1]
Regions with significant populations
United States ( Washington)
Languages
English, Southern Puget Sound Salish language^[2]
Religion
Christianity, traditional tribal religion
Related ethnic groups
Duwamish, Puyallap, Nisqually, Sammamish, Suquamish, Skykomish,^[3] other Salish peoples

The Snoqualmie people (S·dukʷalbixʷ) are a southern Coast Salish Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast. Their homelands span the Snoqualmie Valley in east King and Snohomish Counties in Washington state.

Today, they are enrolled in the federally recognized tribes: Snoqualmie Indian Tribe and Tulalip Tribes of Washington.

Name

The Snoqualmie are also known as the Snoqualmu, Snoqualmoo, Snoqualmick, Snoqualamuke, or Snuqualmi. Their autonym is Sduk-al-bixw, meaning "strong people of status."^[1]

Language

Snoqualmie is a dialect of the Southern Puget Sound Salish language, which is a Lushootseed language, belonging to the Central Salish language family. It is shifting towards English.^[2]

History

Historically Snoqualmie people lived in 58 longhouses in 16 villages, with a population of 3,000–4,000. In the mid-19th century, their homelands had four districts: Monroe, Tolt, Fall City, and North Bend. They had an influential chief Patkanin.^[1]

Some Snoqualmies settled onto the Tulalip Reservation after signing the Point Elliott Treaty with the Washington Territory in 1855, but many remained in their ancestral homelands around the Snoqualmie Valley and Lake Sammamish. At that time they were one of the largest tribes in the Puget Sound region numbering around 4,000.^[4]

In 1916, the Snoqualmie people changed their political system to one based on majority rule. They developed four councils: General Council of the People, the Council of Elders, the Representative Tribal Council, and the Council of Chiefs.^[1]

They have tried and failed on several occasions to secure a reservation on their ancestral lands along the Tolt River (a tributary of the Snoqualmie River). Instead, they purchased land for and were granted a Reservation near Snoqualmie, Washington, on which the tribe recently opened the Snoqualmie Casino.

Notes

1 2 3 4 "Snoqualmie." Countries and Their Cultures. Retrieved 24 Sept 2013.
1 2 "Salish, Southern Puget Sound." Ethnologue. Retrieved 25 Sept 2013.
↑ Pritzker 197
↑

References

Pritzker, Barry M. A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. ISBN 978-0-19-513877-1.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Snoqualmie people.

Coast Salish

Peoples	Chawathil Cheam Chehalis (WA) Chemainus Clemclemaluts Comiaken Copalis Cowlitz Duwamish Esquimalt Halalt Hoh Homalco Humptulips Katzie Khenipsen Kilpahlas Klahoose Klallam Koksilah Kwa-kwa-a-pilt Kwantlen Kway-quit-lam Nuxalk Sliammon Nanoose Malahat Snuneymuxw Tsawwassen Tsleil-Waututh Shishalh Squamish Musqueam Semiahmoo Matsqui Sumas Scowlitz Sts'Ailes Leq' a: mel Popkum Seabird Island Skwah Skway Shxw'ow'hamel Skawahlook Skowkale Soowahlie Squiala Tzeachten Yakweakwioose T'souk-e Tsartlip Somena Quamichan Penelakut Lamalcha Saanich Lummi Nooksack Lower Skagit Upper Skagit Skokomish (Twana) Muckleshoot Sammamish Samish Sauk-Suiattle Snohomish Snoqualmie Nisqually Puyallup Stillaquamish Suquamish Swinomish Tulalip Quinault Sahewamish Wynoochee Satsop Nehalem (Tillamook) Siletz Quamichan Somena

Governments	Aitchelitz Band Chawathil First Nation Cheam Indian Band Kwantlen First Nation Katzie First Nation Kwaw-kwaw-a-pilt First Nation Leq' a: mel First Nation Matsqui First Nation Popkum Band Scowlitz First Nation Seabird Island Band Skwah First Nation Skway First Nation Shxw'ow'hamel First Nation Skawahlook First Nation Skowkale First Nation Soowahlie First Nation Squiala First Nation Sumas First Nation Tzeachten First Nation Yakweakwioose First Nation Chehalis First Nation Tsleil-waututh First Nation Musqueam Indian Band Katzie First Nation Kwikwetlem First Nation Semiahmoo First Nation Chemainus First Nation Halalt First Nation Homalco First Nation Klahoose First Nation Malahat First Nation Nanoose First Nation Peters Band Sliammon First Nation Snuneymuxw First Nation Tsawwassen First Nation Yale First Nation Yakweakwioose First Nation Tseycum First Nation Tsleil-Waututh First Nation Squamish Nation Union Bar First Nation Nuxalk Nation T'sou-ke First Nation Esquimalt First Nation Tsawout First Nation Cowichan Tribes Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon Confederated Tribes of Siletz Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Cowlitz Indian Tribe Suquamish Tribe Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe Jamestown S'Klallam Tribe Port Gamble S'Klallam Tribe Lummi Nation Makah Tribe Muckleshoot Indian Tribe Nisqually Indian Tribe Quinault Indian Nation Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe Samish Indian Nation Skokomish Indian Tribe Snoqualmie Indian Tribe Squaxin Island Tribe Stillaguamish Tribe of Indians Suquamish Tribe Swinomish Indian Tribal Community Tulalip Tribes

Organizations & Institutions	NorthWest Indian Fisheries Commission South Puget Intertribal Planning Agency Washington Indian Gaming Association Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs

Culture & Society	Music Mythology Art

Languages	Coast Salish languages Comox/Island Comox (†) Sliammon/Mainland Comox Pentlatch Halkomelem Sechelt Squamish Nooksack Saanich Lummi Klallam Lushootseed Whulshootseed Twana Cowlitz Quinault

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