Sodium iodide

Sodium iodide (chemical formula NaI) is the salt of sodium and iodide. It is a white, crystalline solid that is used mainly as a nutritional supplement and in organic chemistry. It is produced industrially by acidic iodides and sodium hydroxide.^[3]

Uses

Food supplement

Sodium iodide, as well as potassium iodide, is commonly used to treat and prevent iodine deficiency. Iodized table salt contains one part sodium or potassium iodide to 100,000 parts of sodium chloride.^[3]

Organic synthesis

Monatomic NaI chains grown inside double-wall carbon nanotubes.^[4]

Sodium iodide is used for conversion of an alkyl chlorides into an alkyl iodides. This method, the Finkelstein reaction, relies on the insolubility of sodium chloride in acetone to drive the reaction:

{\ce {{R-Cl}+NaI->{R-I}+NaCl}}

Nuclear medicine

Some radioactive iodide salts of sodium, including [¹²⁵I]NaI and [¹³¹I]NaI, have radiopharmaceutical uses, such as in the treatment of thyroid cancer and hyperthyroidism^[5] or as radiolabeling tracers in imaging (see Isotopes of iodine > Radioiodines I-123, I-124, I-125, and I-131 in medicine and biology).

Thallium-doped NaI(Tl) scintillators

Sodium iodide activated with thallium, NaI(Tl), when subjected to ionizing radiation, emits photons (i.e., scintillate) and is used in scintillation detectors, traditionally in nuclear medicine, geophysics, nuclear physics, and environmental measurements. NaI(Tl) is the most widely used scintillation material. The crystals are usually coupled with a photomultiplier tube, in a hermetically sealed assembly, as sodium iodide is hygroscopic. Fine-tuning of some parameters (i.e., radiation hardness, afterglow, transparency) can be achieved by varying the conditions of the crystal growth. Crystals with a higher level of doping are used in X-ray detectors with high spectrometric quality. Sodium iodide can be used both as single crystals and as polycrystals for this purpose. The wavelength of maximum emission is 415 nm.^[6]

Solubility data

Sodium iodide exhibits high solubility in some organic solvents, unlike sodium chloride or even bromide. Its solubility of NaI in various solvents (g NaI/100 g of solvent at 25 °C) ^[7]

H₂O	184.2
Liquid ammonia	162
Liquid sulfur dioxide	15
Methanol	62.5–83.0
Formic acid	61.8
Acetonitrile	24.9
Acetone	50.4425
Formamide	57–85
Acetamide	32.3 (41.5 °C)
Dimethylformamide	3.7–6.4
Dichloromethane	0.009 ^[8]

References

↑ Seidell, Atherton (1919). Solubilities of inorganic and organic compounds c. 2. D. Van Nostrand Company. p. 655.
1 2 Zumdahl, Steven S. (2009). Chemical Principles 6th Ed. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. A23. ISBN 0-618-94690-X.
1 2 Lyday, Phyllis A. (2005) "Iodine and Iodine Compounds", pp. 382–390 in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Vol. A14, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, ISBN 978-3-527-30673-2 doi:10.1002/14356007.a14_381.
↑ Senga, Ryosuke; Suenaga, Kazu (2015). "Single-atom electron energy loss spectroscopy of light elements". Nature Communications. 6: 7943. doi:10.1038/ncomms8943. PMC 4532884. PMID 26228378.
↑ Sodium iodide. The Free Dictionary
↑ Scintillation Materials. crystals.saint-gobain.com
↑ Burgess, J. (1978). Metal Ions in Solution. New York: Ellis Horwood. ISBN 0-85312-027-7.
↑ De Namor, Angela F. Danil; Traboulssi, Rafic; Salazar, Franz Fernández; De Acosta, Vilma Dianderas; De Vizcardo, Yboni Fernández; Portugal, Jaime Munoz (1989). "Transfer and partition free energies of 1 : 1 electrolytes in the water–dichloromethane solvent system at 298.15 K". Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 1: Physical Chemistry in Condensed Phases. 85 (9): 2705. doi:10.1039/F19898502705.

External links

Sodium compounds

NaAlO₂ NaBH₄ NaBH₃(CN) NaBO₂ NaBiO₃ NaBr NaBrO NaBrO₃ NaCH₃COO NaC₆H₅CO₂ NaC₆H₄(OH)CO₂ NaCN NaCl NaClO NaClO₂ NaClO₃ NaClO₄ NaF Na₂FeO₄ NaH NaHCO₃ NaH₂PO₄ NaHSO₃ NaHSO₄ NaI NaIO₃ NaIO₄ Na₅IO₆ NaMnO₄ NaN₃ NaNH₂ NaNO₂ NaNO₃ NaOCN NaO₂ NaO₃ NaOH NaPO₂H₂ NaReO₄ NaSCN NaSH NaTcO₄ NaVO₃ Na₂CO₃ Na₂C₂O₄ Na₂CrO₄ Na₂Cr₂O₇ Na₂GeO₃ Na₂MnO₄ Na₃MnO₄ Na₂MoO₄ Na₂MoS₄ Na₂N₂O₂ Na₂O Na₂O₂ Na₂O(UO₃)₂ Na₂PO₃F Na₂S Na₂SO₃ Na₂SO₄ Na₂S₂O₃ Na₂S₂O₄ Na₂S₂O₅ Na₂S₂O₆ Na₂S₂O₇ Na₂S₂O₈ Na₂S₄O₆ Na₂Se Na₂SeO₃ Na₂SeO₄ Na₂SiO₃ Na₂Si₂O₅ Na₄SiO₄ Na₂Te Na₂TeO₃ Na₂TeO₄ Na₂Po Na₂Ti₃O₇ Na₂U₂O₇ NaWO₄ Na₂Zn(OH)₄ Na₃N Na₃P Na₃PO₄ Na₃VO₄ Na₄Fe(CN)₆ Na₄P₃O₇ Na₅P₃O₁₀

Chemical formulas

Molecules detected in outer space

Molecules

Diatomic	Aluminium monochloride Aluminium monofluoride Aluminium monoxide Argonium Carbon monophosphide Carbon monosulfide Carbon monoxide Carborundum Cyanogen radical Diatomic carbon Fluoromethylidynium Hydrogen chloride Hydrogen fluoride Hydrogen (molecular) Hydroxyl radical Iron(II) oxide Magnesium monohydride cation Methylidyne radical Nitric oxide Nitrogen (molecular) Nitrogen monohydride Nitrogen sulfide Oxygen (molecular) Phosphorus monoxide Phosphorus mononitride Potassium chloride Silicon carbide Silicon mononitride Silicon monoxide Silicon monosulfide Sodium chloride Sodium iodide Sulfur monohydride Sulfur monoxide Titanium oxide

Triatomic	Aluminium hydroxide Aluminium isocyanide Amino radical Carbon dioxide Carbonyl sulfide CCP radical Chloronium Diazenylium Dicarbon monoxide Disilicon carbide Ethynyl radical Formyl radical Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) Hydrogen isocyanide (HNC) Hydrogen sulfide Hydroperoxyl Iron cyanide Isoformyl Magnesium cyanide Magnesium isocyanide Methylene radical N₂H⁺ Nitrous oxide Nitroxyl Ozone Phosphaethyne Potassium cyanide Protonated molecular hydrogen Sodium cyanide Sodium hydroxide Silicon carbonitride c-Silicon dicarbide Silicon naphthalocyanine Sulfur dioxide Thioformyl Thioxoethenylidene Titanium dioxide Tricarbon Water

Four atoms	Acetylene Ammonia Cyanic acid Cyanoethynyl Cyclopropynylidyne Formaldehyde Fulminic acid HCCN Hydrogen peroxide Hydromagnesium isocyanide Isocyanic acid Isothiocyanic acid Ketenyl Methylene amidogen Methyl radical Propynylidyne Protonated carbon dioxide Protonated hydrogen cyanide Silicon tricarbide Thioformaldehyde Tricarbon monoxide Tricarbon sulfide Thiocyanic acid

Five atoms	Ammonium ion Butadiynyl Carbodiimide Cyanamide Cyanoacetylene Cyanoformaldehyde Cyanomethyl Cyclopropenylidene Formic acid Isocyanoacetylene Ketene Methane Methoxy radical Methylenimine Propadienylidene Protonated formaldehyde Protonated formaldehyde Silane Silicon-carbide cluster

Six atoms	Acetonitrile Cyanobutadiynyl radical E-Cyanomethanimine Cyclopropenone Diacetylene Ethylene Formamide HC₄N Ketenimine Methanethiol Methanol Methyl isocyanide Pentynylidyne Propynal Protonated cyanoacetylene

Seven atoms	Acetaldehyde Acrylonitrile Cyanodiacetylene Ethylene oxide Hexatriynyl radical Methylacetylene Methylamine Methyl isocyanate Vinyl alcohol

Eight atoms	Acetic acid Aminoacetonitrile Cyanoallene Ethanimine Glycolaldehyde Heptatrienyl radical Hexapentaenylidene Methylcyanoacetylene Methyl formate Propenal

Nine atoms	Acetamide Cyanohexatriyne Cyanotriacetylene Dimethyl ether Ethanol Methyldiacetylene Octatetraynyl radical Propene Propionitrile

Ten atoms or more	Acetone Benzene Buckminsterfullerene (C₆₀ fullerene, buckyball) C₇₀ fullerene Cyanodecapentayne Cyanopentaacetylene Cyanotetra-acetylene Ethylene glycol Ethyl formate Methyl acetate Methyl-cyano-diacetylene Methyltriacetylene Propanal n-Propyl cyanide Pyrimidine

Deuterated
molecules

Unconfirmed

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