Soyuz TM-20

The Soyuz-TM crew transports (T - транспортный - Transportnyi - meaning transport, M - модифицированный - Modifitsirovannyi - meaning modified) were fourth generation (1986–2002) Soyuz spacecraft used for ferry flights to the Mir and ISS space stations. It added to the Soyuz-T new docking and rendezvous, radio communications, emergency and integrated parachute/landing engine systems. The new Kurs rendezvous and docking system permitted the Soyuz-TM to maneuver independently of the station, without the station making "mirror image" maneuvers to match unwanted translations introduced by earlier models' aft-mounted attitude control.

Soyuz TM-20 was the twentieth expedition to the Russian Space Station Mir.

Mir as seen from Space Shuttle Discovery during STS-63, with Soyuz TM-20 seen at the top

Crew

Position	Launching crew	Landing crew
Commander	Alexander Viktorenko Fourth spaceflight
Flight Engineer	Yelena Kondakova First spaceflight
Research Cosmonaut	Ulf Merbold Third and last spaceflight	Valeri Polyakov Second and last spaceflight

Mission highlights

20th expedition to Mir.

Carried 10 kg of equipment for use by Merbold in ESA’s month-long Euromir 94 experiment program. During automatic approach to Mir’s front port, the spacecraft yawed unexpectedly. Viktorenko completed a manual docking without additional incident.

References

1 2 McDowell, Jonathan. "Launch Log". Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved 9 November 2013.
↑ McDowell, Jonathan. "Satellite Catalog". Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved 9 November 2013.

External links

Spaceflight Mission Report

Soyuz human spaceflight programme

Main topics

Current missions

Soyuz MS-02

MS-03

Future missions

2017: Soyuz MS-04; MS-05; MS-06; MS-07
2018: Soyuz MS-08; MS-09; MS-10

Past missions
(by spacecraft type)

Soyuz 7K-OK (1966–1970)	Kosmos 133† Soyuz 7K-OK No.1† Kosmos 140 Soyuz 1† Kosmos 186 188 212 213 238 Soyuz 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Soyuz 7K-L1 (1967–1970) (Zond lunar programme)	Kosmos 146 154† Zond 1967A† 1967B† Zond 4 1968A† 1968B† 5 6 1969A† Zond-M 1† M 2† Zond 7 8 9 10

Soyuz 7K-L1E (1969–1970)	Soyuz 7K-L1E No.1† Kosmos 382

Soyuz 7K-LOK (1971–1972)	Soyuz 7K-LOK No.1† No.2†

Soyuz 7K-OKS (1971)	Soyuz 10† 11†

Soyuz 7K-T (1972–1981)	Kosmos 496 573 Soyuz 12 Kosmos 613 Soyuz 13 Kosmos 656 Soyuz 14 15† 17 18a† 18 20 (uncrewed) 21 23† 24 25† 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 (uncrewed landing) 33† 34 (uncrewed launch) 35 36 37 38 39 40

Soyuz 7K-TM (1974–1976)	Kosmos 638 672 Soyuz 16 19 (Apollo–Soyuz Test Project) 22

Soyuz 7K-S (1974–1976)	Kosmos 670 772† 869†

Soyuz-T (1978–1986)	Kosmos 1001† 1074 Soyuz T-1 (uncrewed) T-2 T-3 T-4 T-5 T-6 T-7 T-8† T-9 T-10a† T-10 T-11 T-12 T-13 T-14 T-15

Soyuz-TM (1986–2002)	Soyuz TM-1 (uncrewed) TM-2 TM-3 TM-4 TM-5 TM-6 TM-7 TM-8 TM-9 TM-10 TM-11 TM-12 TM-13 TM-14 TM-15 TM-16 TM-17 TM-18 TM-19 TM-20 TM-21 TM-22 TM-23 TM-24 TM-25 TM-26 TM-27 TM-28 TM-29 TM-30 TM-31 TM-32 TM-33 TM-34

Soyuz-TMA (2002–2012)	Soyuz TMA-1 TMA-2 TMA-3 TMA-4 TMA-5 TMA-6 TMA-7 TMA-8 TMA-9 TMA-10 TMA-11 TMA-12 TMA-13 TMA-14 TMA-15 TMA-16 TMA-17 TMA-18 TMA-19 TMA-20 TMA-21 TMA-22

Soyuz-TMA-M (2010–2016)	Soyuz TMA-01M TMA-02M TMA-03M TMA-04M TMA-05M TMA-06M TMA-07M TMA-08M TMA-09M TMA-10M TMA-11M TMA-12M TMA-13M TMA-14M TMA-15M TMA-16M TMA-17M TMA-18M TMA-19M TMA-20M

Soyuz MS (2016–present)	Soyuz MS-01

Uncrewed missions are designated with Kosmos numbers; crewed missions get a Soyuz number.
Failed missions are denoted with a † symbol. Cancelled missions are in italics.

Human spaceflights to Mir

Soyuz T-15 Soyuz TM-2 Soyuz TM-3 Soyuz TM-4 Soyuz TM-5 Soyuz TM-6 Soyuz TM-7 Soyuz TM-8 Soyuz TM-9 Soyuz TM-10 Soyuz TM-11 Soyuz TM-12 Soyuz TM-13 Soyuz TM-14 Soyuz TM-15 Soyuz TM-16 Soyuz TM-17 Soyuz TM-18 Soyuz TM-19 Soyuz TM-20 STS-63 Soyuz TM-21 STS-71 Soyuz TM-22 STS-74 Soyuz TM-23 STS-76 Soyuz TM-24 STS-79 STS-81 Soyuz TM-25 STS-84 Soyuz TM-26 STS-86 STS-89 Soyuz TM-27 STS-91 Soyuz TM-28 Soyuz TM-29 Soyuz TM-30

Shuttle-Mir Program

	Main articles	Shuttle-Mir Program Mir Space Shuttle

	Missions	STS-60 STS-63 Soyuz TM-21 STS-71 STS-74 STS-76 STS-79 STS-81 STS-84 STS-86 STS-89 STS-91

	Increments	Thagard Lucid Blaha Linenger Foale Wolf Thomas

← 1993 · Orbital launches in 1994 · 1995 →

Soyuz TM-18 \| Gals 1 \| Eutelsat II F5 · Türksat 1A \| Meteor-3 #7 · Tubsat-B \| Clementine · ISA \| Progress M-21 \| STS-60 (WSF · ODERACS A · ODERACS B · ODERACS C · ODERACS D · ODERACS E · ODERACS F · BremSat) \| Myojo · Ryusei \| Globus #13L \| USA-99 \| Shijian 4 · Kua Fu 1 \| Kosmos 2268 · Kosmos 2269 · Kosmos 2270 · Kosmos 2271 · Kosmos 2272 · Kosmos 2273 \| Gran' #40L \| Galaxy 1RR \| Koronas-I \| STS-62 \| USA-100 · SEDS-2 \| USA-101 · USA-102 \| Kosmos 2274 \| Progress M-22 \| STS-59 \| Kosmos 2275 · Kosmos 2276 · Kosmos 2277 \| GOES 8 \| Kosmos 2278 \| Kosmos 2279 \| Kosmos 2280 \| USA-103 \| SROSS-C2 \| MSTI-2 \| STEP-2 \| Rimsat 2 \| Progress M-23 \| Tselina-D \| Kosmos 2281 \| Foton #9 \| Intelsat 702 · STRV 1A · STRV 1B \| USA-104 \| STEP-1 \| Soyuz TM-19 \| FSW-16 \| Kosmos 2282 \| STS-65 \| PAS-2 · Yuri 3n \| Nadezhda #104 \| Kosmos 2283 \| Apstar 1 \| Kosmos 2284 \| Kosmos 2285 \| APEX \| DirecTV-2 \| Kosmos 2286 \| Brasilsat B1 · Türksat 1B \| Kosmos 2287 · Kosmos 2288 · Kosmos 2289 \| Molniya 3-60 \| Progress M-24 \| Kosmos 2290 \| USA-105 \| Optus B3 \| Kiku 6 \| USA-106 \| Telstar 402 \| STS-64 (SPARTAN-201) \| Kosmos 2291 \| Kosmos 2292 \| STS-68 \| Soyuz TM-20 \| Intelsat 703 \| Solidarad 2 \| Thaicom 2 \| Okean-O1 #7 \| Ekspress-2 \| IRS-P2 \| Elektro #1L \| Astra 1D \| WIND \| Kosmos 2293 \| STS-66 (CRISTA-SPAS) \| Resurs-O1 #3L \| Progress M-25 \| Kosmos 2294 · Kosmos 2295 · Kosmos 2296 \| Kosmos 2297 \| Geo-IK #24 \| Orion 1 \| Chinasat-6 \| PAS-3 \| Molniya 1-88 \| Altair #13L \| Kosmos 2298 \| USA-107 \| Radio-ROSTO \| Kosmos 2299 · Kosmos 2300 · Kosmos 2301 · Kosmos 2302 · Kosmos 2303 · Kosmos 2304 \| Gran' #43L \| Kosmos 2305 \| NOAA-14

Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( \| ). Manned flights are indicated in bold text. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in italics. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in brackets.

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