Spinacanthus

Spinacanthus Temporal range: Early- Middle Eocene[1] PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Artist's reconstruction
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Subphylum:	Vertebrata
Infraphylum:	Gnathostomata
Superclass:	Osteichthyes
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Tetraodontiformes
Suborder:	Balistoidei
Superfamily:	Balistoidea
Family:	Spinacanthidae
Genus:	Spinacanthus
Species:	S. cuneiformis
Binomial name
Spinacanthus cuneiformis (Zigno, 1885)

Spinacanthus cuneiformis is an extinct prehistoric tetraodontid bony fish that lived from the Lutetian epoch of Eocene Monte Bolca.^[1]

In life, it would have resembled a somewhat-flattened boxfish with five massive spines along the anterior-dorsal side, with the longest spine directly above the forehead, and the shortest spine directly in front of the dorsal fin. It is distinguished from its close, sympatric relative, Protobalistum, in that its individual scales are relatively small, and do not touch each other. (In Protobalistum, the scales are large, and form a sort of armor).

S. cuneiformis and Protobalistum were a part of the ecosystem of the lagoon that would become Monte Bolca. It has been suggested that, because of their similarity to boxfish, and due to their close relation to modern-day triggerfish, spinacanthids may have preyed on shellfish and small fish.

See also

• Prehistoric fish
• List of prehistoric bony fish
• Protobalistum, its closest relative
• Eospinus, another close relative from the Earliest Eocene of Turkmenistan
• Eolactoria, another extinct tetraodontid from Monte Bolca
• Proaracana, another extinct tetraodontid from Monte Bolca

References

1. Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 364: 560. Retrieved 2009-02-27.

• A remarkable new genus of Tetraodontiform fish with features of both Balistids and Ostraciids from the Eocene of Turkmenistan (contains a brief discussion and description of Spinacanthidae)