Spt function

The spt function (smallest parts function) is a function in number theory that counts the sum of the number of smallest parts in each partition of a positive integer. It is related to the partition function.

The first few values of spt(n) are:

1, 3, 5, 10, 14, 26, 35, 57, 80, 119, 161, 238, 315, 440, 589 ... (sequence A092269 in the OEIS)

Example

For example, there are five partitions of 4 (with smallest parts underlined):

4

3 + 1

2 + 2

2 + 1 + 1

1 + 1 + 1 + 1

These partitions have 1, 1, 2, 2, and 4 smallest parts, respectively. So spt(4) = 1 + 1 + 2 + 2 + 4 = 10.

Properties

Like the partition function, spt(n) has a generating function. It is given by

$S(q)={\frac {1}{(q)_{{\infty }}}}\sum _{{n=1}}^{{\infty }}{\frac {q^{n}\prod _{{m=1}}^{{n-1}}(1-q^{m})}{1-q^{n}}}$

where $(q)_{{\infty }}=\prod _{{n=1}}^{{\infty }}(1-q^{n})$.

The function $S(q)$ is related to a mock modular form. Let $E_{2}(z)$ denote the weight 2 quasi-modular Eisenstein series and let $\eta (z)$ denote the Dedekind eta function. Then for $q=e^{{2\pi iz}}$, the function

${\tilde {S}}(z):=q^{{-1/24}}S(q)-{\frac {1}{12}}{\frac {E_{2}(z)}{\eta (z)}}$

is a mock modular form of weight 3/2 on the full modular group $SL_{2}({\mathbb {Z}})$ with multiplier system $\chi _{{\eta }}^{{-1}}$, where $\chi _{{\eta }}$ is the multiplier system for $\eta (z)$.

While a closed formula is not known for spt(n), there are Ramanujan-like congruences including

${\mathrm {spt}}(5n+4)\equiv 0\mod (5)$

${\mathrm {spt}}(7n+5)\equiv 0\mod (7)$

${\mathrm {spt}}(13n+6)\equiv 0\mod (13)$ ^[1]

References

1. George Andrews. "The number of smallest parts in the partitions of n".