Stanislav Kurilov
Stanislav Vasilyevich Kurilov (Russian: Станислав Васильевич Курилов, July 17, 1936 – January 29, 1998) was a Soviet, Canadian, and Israeli oceanographer. He escaped from the USSR by jumping overboard from a cruise liner in the open ocean, and swimming to the Philippines.
Biography
Early life
Stanislav (Slava) Kurilov was born in 1936 in Vladikavkaz (then known as Ordzhonikidze). He grew up in Semipalatinsk, in the Soviet Kazakhstan. As a young child, he learned to swim in secret from his own parents (who forbade him to enter open water), and at the age of 10, on a dare, he swam across the Irtysh.[1] Many years later, in one of his later stories, he described the negative environmental and public health effects of the nuclear test site that was constructed near the city during his teenage years.[2]
From his early years, Stanislav dreamed of a life of sailing the seas. However, doctors told him that due to a vision problem he would not be eligible for either a Soviet Navy or merchant marine career. After doing his military service, as a chemical warfare instructor of a sapper battalion,[3] he graduated from the Leningrad Meteorology Institute (ru) as an oceanographer. While a student, he also learned scuba diving.[4] Later, he also became interested in yoga and meditation.[5]
Stanislav Kurilov worked at the Institute of Oceanology of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and at the Marine Biology Institute in Vladivostok. Even though the Soviet Union operated a large number of research vessels on a worldwide scale, the authorities decided that Kurilov was not eligible for any overseas expeditions, either because of him learning about chemical warfare during his military service,[6] because his father had been a prisoner of war during World War II,[5] or because of Stanislav's "foreign connection": his sister had married an Indian citizen and immigrated to India, and later to Canada.[4] Kurilov's field work, therefore, was restricted to the Soviet Union's coastal waters, such as the Black Sea and Sea of Japan. In particular, he worked at Soviet underwater research stations in the Black Sea.[4]
Kurilov came to resent the Soviet state even more when, starting in 1970, two of his team's joint underwater projects with Jacques-Yves Cousteau fell through one after the other, because he was refused a passport. Instead, the Soviets sent another group, "without diving experience, but with [exit] visas", with whom Cousteau refused to work.[4][5]
The escape
In December 1974, Kurilov boarded Soviet cruise liner Sovetsky Soyuz, leaving for a tour advertised as a "Cruise from the winter into the summer". It was a popular "cruise to nowhere", where a ship would depart Vladivostok, sail toward the equator, and come back without entering any foreign ports. Because of the absence of port calls, the trip required neither passport nor visas. It was known that the ship would pass within view of several foreign countries, and after studying its planned route, Kurilov decided that the best chance for an escape would be in the Philippine Sea, off the coast of Siargao Island.[1]
After sunset on December 13, in a stormy weather, Stanislav jumped overboard from the stern of his cruise ship, with a snorkeling mask and fins. Luckily, he was neither immediately noticed by the crew, nor struck by the ship's propeller.[5] However, because of the strong currents, it took him three nights and two days to reach the land. In his own memoir, he recalls reaching the Philippine shore on his own, by swimming all the way;[1] according to an Associated Press report, based on information released by the Philippine authorities, published a few days later, he had been found by a local fisherman "clinging to a drifting fishing boat",[7] After about six months of investigation, first in Cagayan de Oro,[7] later in Manila (the Philippine authorities may have suspected him to be a Soviet spy), Kurilov was able to leave for Canada.
Life in the West
Kurilov spent over 10 years in Canada, during which time he traveled extensively. Although not Jewish, in 1986 he moved to Israel, where he married an Israeli citizen (Miss Lena Gendelev; after marriage, Gendelev-Kurilov) and became employed at the Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research institute in Haifa.[5]
He wrote the story of his escape,[1] as well as a number of other stories; they have been published both in Russian and in Hebrew and (partial) English translations.[5]
Stanislav Kurilov died in a diving accident on Lake Kinneret.[5] He was buried in the Alliance Church International Cemetery in Jerusalem's German Colony neighborhood.
Other similar escapes
Although Stanislav Kurilov's escape is remarkable in its method, it is not completely unique. In his study of defections from the Soviet Union, Vladislav Krasnov mentions at least two other similar escapes from a Soviet cruise ship on a "cruise to nowhere" in the South-East Asia.
An unnamed member of the biology faculty at Moscow University, who was 26 at the time, escaped from another Soviet cruise liner (MV Rus') off the Philippines, with a rubber boat; he was later picked by Filipino fishermen.[8]
Yuri Vetokhin, a former computer programmer from Leningrad, escaped in a similar way to Indonesia in December 1979.[9] He later gave an account of his escape (as well as of two previous, failed, escape attempts on the Black Sea) in his memoir.[10]
Notes
- 1 2 3 4 Stanislav Kurilov, Побег (Escape)
- ↑ Stanislav Kurilov, Город детства (City of my childhood)
- ↑ Stanislav Kurilov, Служу Советскому Союзу! (Serving the Soviet Union!)
- 1 2 3 4 Stanislav Kurilov, Море (The Sea)
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Livneh, Neri (2009-02-12), "Escape by sea", Ha'aretz
- ↑ Ignatova, Yelena (Елена ИГНАТОВА) (2004-09-29), "An enchanted voyager (ОЧАРОВАННЫЙ СТРАННИК)", Vestnik (Вестник)
- 1 2 Soviet 'Defector' was Airman (Associated Press). The Milwaukee Journal, Dec 24, 1974. Quote: "A Russian sailor who says he jumped overboard in the Philippine Sea 12 days ago is a former lieutenant in the Soviet air force, Immigration Commissioner Edmundo Reyes said Thursday. Reyes said Slava Kurilov, 36, of Leningrad, was being questioned at Cagayan de Oro... Filipino fishermen found him December 15 clinging to a drifting fishing boat near Siargo Island..." More similar news items from December 1974 can be found with a newspaper archive search, e.g. like this
- ↑ Krasnov 1985, p. 82. Krasnov's source for this incident is a "master list" of Soviet defectors leaked from the KGB ca. 1970-71.
- ↑ Krasnov, Vladislav (1985), Soviet Defectors: The KGB Wanted List, Hoover Press, p. 199, ISBN 0-8179-8231-0
- ↑ Vetokhin, Yuri (1983), Sklonen k pobegu ("Inclined to Escape")