Stavropol
| Stavropol (English) Ставрополь (Russian) | |
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| - City[1] - | |
 Stavropol city center | |
.svg.png) Location of Stavropol Krai in Russia | |
  Stavropol | |
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| Anthem | none[2] |
| Administrative status (as of March 2015) | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Stavropol Krai[3] |
| Administratively subordinated to | city of krai significance of Stavropol[1] |
| Administrative center of | Stavropol Krai,[3] city of krai significance of Stavropol[1] |
| Municipal status (as of May 2015) | |
| Urban okrug | Stavropol Urban Okrug[4] |
| Administrative center of | Stavropol Urban Okrug[4] |
| Head[5] | Andrey Dzhatdoyev[6] |
| Representative body | City Duma[5] |
| Statistics | |
| Population (2010 Census) | 398,539 inhabitants[7] |
| - Rank in 2010 | 47th |
| Population (January 2015 est.) | 425,853 inhabitants[8] |
| Time zone | MSK (UTC+03:00)[9] |
| Founded | October 22, 1777[10] |
| City status since | 1785[11] |
| Previous names | Voroshilovsk (until January 12, 1943)[12] |
| Postal code(s)[13] | 355000–355013, 355016–355021, 355024–355026, 355028–355032, 355035, 355037, 355038, 355040–355042, 355044, 355045, 355047 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 8652 |
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| Stavropol on Wikimedia Commons | |
Stavropol (Russian: Ставрополь; IPA: [ˈstavrəpəlʲ]) is a city and the administrative center of Stavropol Krai, Russia. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 398,539.[7]
Etymology
The name "Stavropol" (Russian: Ста́врополь) is a Russian rendition of the Greek name, Stauropolis (Greek: Σταυρούπολις, was the name of an historically-unrelated archbishopric in Caria, a Roman province in present Anatolia), meaning "the City of the Cross". According to legend, soldiers found a stone cross there while building the fortress in the city's future location.[14]
The Cherkes call the city Shetkala meaning Shet fort.
History
It was founded on October 22, 1777[10] following the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774 as a military encampment,[14] and was granted city status in 1785.[11] Prince Grigory Potemkin, who founded Stavropol as one of ten fortresses built between Azov and Mozdok at the request of Catherine the Great, played a leading role in the creation of the city. Don Cossacks, particularly those from the Khopersky Regiment, settled the area in and around the cities of Stavropol and Georgiyevsk with a mission to defend borders of the Empire.[15]
Alexander I in 1809 invited several Armenian families to settle by the fortress, in order to encourage trade in the region.
Stavropol's strategic location aided in the Russian Empire's conquest of the Caucasus. By the early 19th century the city grew into a busy trade center of the North Caucasus. In 1843, an Episcopal see of the Russian Orthodox Church was established in Stavropol and in 1847 the city became the seat of Stavropol Governorate.[16]
During the Russian Civil War the city changed hands several times and finally was captured by the Red Army from the Volunteer Army of general Anton Denikin on January 29, 1920. The city was renamed Voroshilovsk on May 5, 1935, after Kliment Voroshilov, but the original name was restored in 1943. The Great Patriotic War took a heavy toll on the city and between August 3, 1942 and January 21, 1943 Stavropol was occupied by the Germans and its airport was used as a base for the Luftwaffe (German air force) to bomb Soviet oil supplies in Grozny. The city was recaptured by the Soviet Army in January, 1943. Since 1946, natural gas has been extracted near the city; later on, a pipeline to supply Moscow was built.
Administrative and municipal status
Stavropol is the administrative center of the krai.[3] Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with one rural locality (the khutor of Grushevy), incorporated as the city of krai significance of Stavropol—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, the city of krai significance of Stavropol is incorporated as Stavropol Urban Okrug.[4]
Economy
Stavropol's economy focuses on the production of automobiles, furniture, and construction equipment and materials. The city relies on air transport (Shpakovskoye airport), rail, and highway connections to other Russian cities.
Demographics
| 2010 Census | 398,539[7] |
|---|---|
| 2002 Census | 354,867[17] |
| 1989 Census | 318,298[18] |
| 1979 Census | 258,233[19] |
Stavropol's population includes a significant number of refugees escaping the strife or instability of the Russian border regions and Caucasus nations to the south.
Facilities
Stavropol has a theater and an association football team called FC Dynamo Stavropol.
The main educational institutions of the town include Stavropol State University, North-Caucasus State Technical University, Agrarian University, and Stavropol State Medical University.
The area of Russia in which Stavropol resides is very mountainous, placing the city in the midst of the northern Caucasus mountain range. The city has one of the biggest city parks in Russia, 'Central Park' covering up to 12 hectares.[20]
The city, like many other Russian cities has its own botanical garden, which covers up to 18 hectares, including 16 hectares of natural woods.[14][21]
Climate
Stavropol experiences a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfa) with short but cold winters (though mild for Russia) and hot summers. Precipitation is rather low, with a 562 millimeters (22.1 in) annual average.
| Climate data for Stavropol | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 16.7 (62.1) |
20.9 (69.6) |
30.2 (86.4) |
35.0 (95) |
32.5 (90.5) |
36.3 (97.3) |
38.6 (101.5) |
39.7 (103.5) |
37.3 (99.1) |
34.2 (93.6) |
24.8 (76.6) |
21.9 (71.4) |
39.7 (103.5) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 1.2 (34.2) |
1.7 (35.1) |
7.3 (45.1) |
15.5 (59.9) |
20.5 (68.9) |
24.9 (76.8) |
28.2 (82.8) |
28.0 (82.4) |
22.4 (72.3) |
15.3 (59.5) |
7.5 (45.5) |
2.9 (37.2) |
14.6 (58.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −2.3 (27.9) |
−2.3 (27.9) |
2.3 (36.1) |
9.6 (49.3) |
14.8 (58.6) |
19.2 (66.6) |
22.3 (72.1) |
21.8 (71.2) |
16.4 (61.5) |
10.0 (50) |
3.4 (38.1) |
−0.7 (30.7) |
9.5 (49.1) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −5.1 (22.8) |
−5.3 (22.5) |
−1.1 (30) |
5.1 (41.2) |
10.0 (50) |
14.5 (58.1) |
17.1 (62.8) |
16.5 (61.7) |
11.8 (53.2) |
6.3 (43.3) |
0.5 (32.9) |
−3.5 (25.7) |
5.6 (42.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −27.7 (−17.9) |
−28.3 (−18.9) |
−19.4 (−2.9) |
−10.7 (12.7) |
−2.3 (27.9) |
3.1 (37.6) |
8.5 (47.3) |
6.0 (42.8) |
−3.5 (25.7) |
−12.0 (10.4) |
−19.9 (−3.8) |
−24.3 (−11.7) |
−28.3 (−18.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 29 (1.14) |
28 (1.1) |
35 (1.38) |
45 (1.77) |
66 (2.6) |
83 (3.27) |
58 (2.28) |
43 (1.69) |
47 (1.85) |
49 (1.93) |
46 (1.81) |
33 (1.3) |
562 (22.13) |
| Average rainy days | 5 | 5 | 8 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 10 | 8 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 7 | 113 |
| Average snowy days | 13 | 13 | 9 | 1 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 10 | 53 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 84 | 82 | 78 | 68 | 68 | 66 | 60 | 60 | 68 | 77 | 84 | 84 | 73 |
| Source: Pogoda.ru.net[22] | |||||||||||||
Notable people
Well-known Russians who have visited or resided in Stavropol include: Generals Alexander Suvorov, Alexey Yermolov, and Nikolay Raevsky, the poets Alexander Pushkin and Mikhail Lermontov, who were in political disfavor, the surgeon Nikolay Pirogov, Alexander Griboyedov, Leo Tolstoy, and the national poet of Ossetia, Kosta Khetagurov.[23]
The first and only executive president of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev, was born in Stavropol Krai and spent several years working in the city of Stavropol as the head of the krai's administration. Gorbachev's chief mentor, long-time friend, and predecessor Yuri Andropov was also born in Stavropol Krai.
Twin towns and sister cities
Stavropol is twinned with:[24]
Des Moines, Iowa, United States
Béziers, France
Pazardzhik, Bulgaria
Yerevan, Armenia[25]
Zhenjiang, China
References
Notes
- 1 2 3 4 Resolution #63-p
- ↑ Article 3 of the Charter of Stavropol states that the city may have an anthem, providing a law is adopted to that effect. As of 2015, no such law is in place. The Symbols section on the Stavropal's official website also does not include an anthem.
- 1 2 3 Law #9-kz
- 1 2 3 Law #88-kz
- 1 2 Charter of Stavropol, Article 30
- ↑ Official website of Stavropol. Andrey Khasanovich Dzhatdoyev, Head of Administration of the City of Stavropol (Russian)
- 1 2 3 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
- ↑ Stavropol Krai Territorial Branch of the Federal State Statistics Service. Численность населения муниципальных образований Ставропольского края на начало 2011-2015 гг. (Russian)
- ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №271-ФЗ от 03 июля 2016 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #271-FZ of July 03, 2016 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
- 1 2 Charter of Stavropol, Article 2
- 1 2 Энциклопедия Города России. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. p. 438. ISBN 5-7107-7399-9.
- ↑ Decree of January 12, 1943
- ↑ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (Russian)
- 1 2 3 "Stavropol". stavmed.com. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
- ↑
- ↑
- ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
- ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
- ↑ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1979 г. Национальный состав населения по регионам России. (All Union Population Census of 1979. Ethnic composition of the population by regions of Russia.)". Всесоюзная перепись населения 1979 года (All-Union Population Census of 1979) (in Russian). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. 1979. Retrieved 2008-11-25.
- ↑ "Stavropol – A windy and mountainous city with a historic atmosphere". sputniknews.com. March 11, 2011. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
- ↑ "Biorepository: Stavropol Botanical Garden". biocol.org. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
- ↑ "Weather and Climate-The Climate of Stavropol" (in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат). Retrieved 6 April 2016.
- ↑ Stavropol - City
- ↑ Twin-city relations with the cities of non-CIS states
- ↑ "Yerevan - Partner Cities". Yerevan Municipality Official Website. © 2005—2013 www.yerevan.am. Retrieved 2013-11-04.
Sources
- Ставропольская городская Дума. Решение №81 от 25 апреля 2008 г. «Об Уставе города Ставрополя», в ред. Решения №662 от 17 июня 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Устав муниципального образования города Ставрополя Ставропольского края». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования, за исключением положений, для которых установлены иные сроки введения в действие. Опубликован: "Вечерний Ставрополь", №84, 29 апреля 2008 г. (Stavropol City Duma. Decision #81 of April 25, 2008 On the Charter of the City of Stavropol, as amended by the Decision #662 of June 17, 2015 An Amending the Charter of the Municipal Formation of the City of Stavropol in Stavropol Krai. Effective as of the day of the official publication, with the exception of the clauses for which other dates of taking effect are specified.).
- Государственная Дума Ставропольского края. Закон №9-кз от 1 марта 2005 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Ставропольского края», в ред. Закона №90-кз от 14 ноября 2013 г. «О внесении изменений в статьи 5 и 7 Закона Ставропольского края "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Ставропольского края"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Ставропольская правда", №46, 5 марта 2005 г. (State Duma of Stavropol Krai. Law #9-kz of March 1, 2005 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Stavropol Krai, as amended by the Law #90-kz of November 14, 2013 On Amending Articles 5 and 7 of the Law of Stavropol Krai "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Stavropol Krai". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
- Правительство Ставропольского края. Постановление №63-п от 4 мая 2006 г. «Об утверждении реестра административно-территориальных единиц Ставропольского края», в ред. Постановления №75-п от 5 марта 2015 г. «О внесении изменения в пункт 47 Раздела II Реестра административно-территориальных единиц Ставропольского края, утверждённый Постановлением Правительства Ставропольского края от 04 мая 2006 г. №63-п». Вступил в силу с 4 мая 2006 г.. Опубликован: "Сборник законов и других правовых актов Ставропольского края", №17, ст. 5609, 10 июля 2006 г. (Government of Stavropol Krai. Resolution #63-p of May 4, 2006 On the Adoption of the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units of Stavropol Krai, as amended by the Resolution #75-p of March 5, 2015 On Amending Item 47 of Section II of the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units of Stavropol Krai Adopted by Resolution #63-p of the Government of Stavropol Krai of May 4, 2006. Effective as of May 4, 2006.).
- Государственная Дума Ставропольского края. Закон №88-кз от 4 октября 2004 г. «О наделении муниципальных образований Ставропольского края статусом городского, сельского поселения, городского округа, муниципального района», в ред. Закона №51-кз от 28 мая 2015 г. «О преобразовании муниципальных образований, входящих в состав Минераловодского муниципального района Ставропольского края (Минераловодского территориального муниципального образования Ставропольского края), и об организации местного самоуправления на территории Минераловодского района Ставропольского края». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Ставропольская правда", №216, 6 октября 2004 г. (State Duma of Stavropol Krai. Law #88-kz of October 4, 2004 On Granting the Status of Urban, Rural Settlement, Urban Okrug, Municipal District to the Municipal Formations of Stavropol Krai, as amended by the Law #51-kz of May 28, 2015 On the Transformation of the Municipal Formations Within Mineralovodsky Municipal District of Stavropol Krai (Mineralovodskoye Territorial Municipal Formation of Stavropol Krai), and on the Organization of the Local Self-Government on the Territory of Mineralovodsky District of Stavropol Krai. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
- Президиум Верховного Совета СССР. Указ от 12 января 1943 г. «О переименовании города Ворошиловска, Орджоникидзевского края, в город Ставрополь и Орджоникидзевского края — в Ставропольский край». (Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Decree of January 12, 1943 On Changing the Name of the City of Voroshilovsk in Ordzhonikidze Krai to the City of Stavropol, and of Ordzhonikidze Krai to Stavropol Krai. ).
