SweeTango

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Hybrid parentage Honeycrisp and Zestar Apple
Cultivar Minneiska
Origin University of Minnesota, United States, 2008[1]
SweeTango apples for sale
SweeTango apple samples
SweeTango apples, one peck
U.S. Patent US PP18,812 P3
Minneiska tree apples close-up

SweeTango (brand name) or 'Minneiska' is a cultivar (cultivated variety) of apple (Malus domestica) developed by the University of Minnesota in 2000 and first sold in the US in 2009.[2][3][4] It is a hybrid of two other apples varieties the university developed: the popular 'Honeycrisp' (the “mother”) and the early-ripening 'Minnewasheta' (brand name Zestar!, the “father” or pollinator).[5][6] The name SweeTango is a brand name of the 'Minneiska' apple, and is a registered trademark owned by the University of Minnesota.[2][4] Like the 'Honeycrisp', the 'Minneiska' has much larger cells than most apples, which shatter when bitten to fill the mouth with juice.[6]

It is a pinkish apple with a yellow background intermittent with red coloration.[7] The surface of the apple has several distinguishing visual characteristics, with freckle-like white lenticels. This variety is also prone to exhibit some net-like russeting in certain seasons.

Taste

The 'Minneiska' has a texture similar to 'Honeycrisp' with a slightly tart and citric quality. The name "SweeTango" is a portmanteau of the words sweet and tangy.

Availability

'Minneiska' apples are harvested in late August and early September, and are seasonally available for only a few months.[7] They are sold at retailers across the US and eastern Canada, and can be purchased online subject to shipping restrictions.[4]

History

In 2000, the new variety, known during development by the identifier MN 1914, was created by the University of Minnesota's breeding program at their Horticultural Research Center's 80-acre (32 ha) farm near Victoria, Minnesota.[3][8][9] In 2005, the university sold the exclusive marketing rights to the new variety to Pepin Heights Orchards of Lake City, Minnesota.[8]

In 2006, Pepin Heights Orchards formed a cooperative of 45 growers named Next Big Thing, appointed Pepin Heights Orchards owner Dennis Courtier as its chairman, and sublicensed the use of the Meneiska variety to the co-op.[10][11] In 2007, the regents of the University of Minnesota trademarked the word "SweeTango", and the first commercial 'Minneiska' apple trees were planted.[8][12] By January 2007, Next Big Thing had sold memberships worth $380,000, had 30 investors, and was seeking to raise an additional $630,000.[11]

In 2008, the variety was patented by the university, the same year their US patent on the 'Honeycrisp' expired.[2][13] US plant patents are granted for 20 years from the date of application, and exclude others from asexually producing a plant, using the plant, or selling the plant except as authorized by the patent holder.[10][14] In 2009, a limited number of apples were sold in stores.[4] By 2013, the variety was available at stores across the United States and eastern Canada.[4]

Exclusive control

The University of Minnesota awarded exclusive marketing rights to grow, have others grow, and sell the 'Minneiska' apple cultivar and any mutations to Minnesota's largest apple orchard, Pepin Heights Orchards.[15][16]

Pepin Heights established a 45-member grower's cooperative (47 as of 2011) named Next Big Thing.[15][16] The apple could not be grown by non-members. Members, who pay royalties on producing trees, can sell the apple only through the cooperative.[15][6] The practice, called “managed release”, has attracted criticism due to its development through a public research institution.[15][16][6] A lawsuit challenging the legality of the University of Minnesota selling exclusive rights to the variety was decided in a 2012 ruling that the agreement was legal, and that “Minnesota’s antitrust and monopoly laws do not apply to its land-grant university”.[17] However, other legal claims were settled between the parties, with the plaintiffs paying $25,000 in legal fees to Pepin Heights Orchards, and an allowance was made for smaller growers to grow up to 2,000 Minneiska trees, limited to 100,000 per state, as long as the apples are sold only in direct-market channels, and not pooled for wholesale market.[17] The numbers are to be increased to 3,000 trees per orchard, and 150,000 per state, in 2017.[17]

Trademark and patent

The trademark called "SweeTango" belongs to the University of Minnesota for its apple fruit of the "Minneiska" cultivar.[7][18][19]

Patent No.: US PP18,812 P3 says it was obtained on May 13, 2008 by breeders David S. Bedford and James J. Luby. The varietal denomination "Minneiska" has a Latin name of Malus domestica and its patent says in part ”Asexual reproduction of the new cultivar was first accomplished by means of budding and grafting by the inventors in Excelsior, Minnesota.”[20]

It further says of the new apple variety "Minneiska was selected for its unique combination of fruit traits. Of particular importance is its early ripening season, its very crisp and juicy texture, and its unusually long storage life for an early ripening variety."

The main feature distinguishing 'Minneiska' from other early ripening varieties known to the inventor is the longer time its fruit can be stored with little change in texture or flavor.

'Minneiska' fruit have a storage life of three to four months in refrigeration compared to one or two months for other common commercial early season varieties we have observed including 'State Fair' (not patented), 'Arends' (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 2,800), and 'Minnewashta'.[20]

The patent compares this new apple style to the state fruit of Minnesota, the 'Honeycrisp'. 'Minneiska' is an early season apple, with fruit ripening about the first week of September in Excelsior, Minnesota. Ripening time is slightly after 'Minnewashta', and about two to three weeks before 'Honeycrisp'.[20]”

The patent further shows that the new apple variety has characteristics superior to the 'Honeycrisp' apple (its "mother") “'Minneiska' is readily distinguished from its parent 'Honeycrisp' in that the fruit of 'Minneiska' ripen approximately two to three weeks earlier.”[20]

References

  1. ↑ "Honeycrisp Apples Fun Facts". Stemilt Growers.
  2. 1 2 3 Brown, SK; Maloney, KE (2009). "Making sense of new apple varieties, trademarks and clubs: current status" (PDF). New York Fruit Quarterly. 17 (3). New York. pp. 9–12. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
  3. 1 2 Hubbuch, Chris (30 August 2010). "A new apple, the SweeTango, at center of controversy". Twincities.com – Pioneer Press. St. Paul Pioneer Press. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 "SweeTango apples from Next Big Thing hit stores nationwide". PR Web (Press release). 17 September 2013. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
  5. ↑ "SweeTango". University of Minnesota Apples. University of Minnesota. Retrieved 18 January 2014.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Seabrook, John (21 November 2011). "Crunch: Building a better apple". The New Yorker.
  7. 1 2 3 "About Sweetango". Sweetango.com. Retrieved January 18, 2012.
  8. 1 2 3 Harler, Curt (February 2012). "Lawsuit over apple marketing agreement". Growing Magazine. Moose River Media LLC. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
  9. ↑ "SweeTango(R) apple crop triples in 2011". Reuters (Press release). 12 August 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
  10. 1 2 Karst, Tom (20 September 2011). "SweeTango deal intact after settlement". The Packer. Vance Publishing Corporation. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
  11. 1 2 Grayson, Katharine (7 January 2007). "Co–op seeks $600K to seed apple". Minneapolis/St. Paul Business Journal. American City Business Journals. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
  12. ↑ "SweeTango – reviews & brand information". LegalForce Trademarkia. Trademarkia, Inc. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
  13. ↑ Olson, Dan (21 October 2007). "Honeycrisp apple losing its patent protection, but not its appeal". MPR News. Minneapolis, MN: Minnesota Public Radio. Retrieved 18 January 2014.
  14. ↑ Bouchoux, Deborah (21 April 2008). Patent Law for Paralegals. Cengage Learning. p. 77. ISBN 1-4180-4801-1.
  15. 1 2 3 4 Parker, Rosemary (13 September 2011). "Better than Honeycrisp? SweeTango apples hit Michigan Meijer and Wal-Mart stores this week". MLive. MLive Media Group. Retrieved January 18, 2012.
  16. 1 2 3 "Next Big Thing is new co-op for marketing MN1914 apple". Fruit Growers News. Great American Media Services. October 2006. Retrieved 18 January 2014.
  17. 1 2 3 "Litigants settle SweeTango dispute". Fruit Growers News. Great American Media Services. November 2011. Retrieved 18 January 2014.
  18. ↑ "Minnesota Arboretum". Arboretum.umn.edu. Retrieved January 18, 2012.
  19. ↑ "Minnesota Hardy, p. 26" (PDF). Retrieved January 18, 2012.
  20. 1 2 3 4 "Apple Tree Named 'Minneiska'". Google. Retrieved January 18, 2012.
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