TWA Flight 427
| Accident summary | |
|---|---|
| Date | November 22, 1994 |
| Summary | Runway incursion[1] |
| Site |
Bridgeton, Missouri 38°44′29″N 90°20′46″W / 38.74139°N 90.34611°WCoordinates: 38°44′29″N 90°20′46″W / 38.74139°N 90.34611°W |
| Total fatalities | 2 |
| Total injuries (non-fatal) | 8 (minor) |
| Total survivors | 140 |
| First aircraft | |
| Type | MD-82 |
| Operator | Trans World Airlines |
| Registration | N954U |
| Passengers | 132 |
| Crew | 8 |
| Fatalities | 0 |
| Injuries (non-fatal) | 8 (minor) |
| Survivors | 140 (all) |
| Second aircraft | |
| Type | Cessna 441 |
| Operator | Superior Aviation |
| Registration | N441KM |
| Passengers | 1 |
| Crew | 1 |
| Fatalities | 2 (all) |
| Injuries (non-fatal) | 0 |
| Survivors | 0 |
TWA Flight 427 was a regularly scheduled TWA passenger flight departing Lambert-St. Louis International Airport (STL) in Bridgeton, Missouri on November 22, 1994, operated using a McDonnell Douglas MD-82. On the takeoff roll it struck a Cessna 441 Conquest II, killing both of its occupants. It was the second of two flights numbered 427 that would be involved in an incident that year, the other being USAir Flight 427, which crashed in September near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania killing all 132 on board.
Aircraft
TWA Flight 427 was a regularly scheduled passenger flight from St. Louis International Airport to Stapleton International Airport in Denver, Colorado.[1]:1 On the date of the accident, Flight 427 was operated using a McDonnell Douglas MD-82 (registration number N954U).[1]:1 There were 132 passengers and 8 crew on board.[1]:1
On November 22, 1994, Superior Aviation, Inc., a charter airline, operated a charter flight to St. Louis International Airport using a Cessna 441 Conquest II (registration number N441KM).[1]:1 After the charter passenger deplaned at St. Louis, the Cessna was then scheduled to depart St. Louis en route to another charter pickup.[1]:1–2
History
The Cessna had been cleared by ground control to back-taxi on runway 31 to the end and wait for takeoff clearance. For reasons unknown it continued beyond this point on taxiway R to runway 30R and held in position there. TWA 427 was cleared by ground control to taxi to runway 30R by crossing runway 30L then down taxiway P to the end. After receiving permission to take off, the copilot initiated the takeoff roll. When the captain called 80 knots an off-duty crewmember in the jumpseat yelled, "There's an airplane!" Braking was immediately initiated and the captain attempted to use the rudder to go around the Cessna to the left. The jet struck the Cessna on the right side, shearing off the top of the small plane. The pilot and passenger on the small plane were instantly killed. The captain immediately asked for safety equipment, and passenger evacuation was initiated, resulting in eight minor injuries. Aircraft continued to land on runway 30L and taxi nearby during passenger evacuation. The captain of TWA 427 was Rick Carr, the first officer was Randy Speed, and the ACM was Randy Richardson.
The resulting NTSB investigation determined that the Cessna had recently flown in from Iron Mountain, Michigan. It had landed on runway 30R and dropped off a passenger before preparing for the return flight. A commercial-rated pilot and a pilot-rated passenger, married to an employee of Superior Aviation, were on board as it left the ramp. The ATIS information broadcast to all pilots advised runways 30L and 30R were in use for arrivals and departures. Although runway 31 was routinely used in these conditions for general-aviation aircraft, this information was not included on the hourly ATIS broadcast.
The board concluded from the actions of the Cessna pilot that he may have believed 30R was the assigned runway for his departure. TWA 427 was cleared for takeoff while the Cessna was likely still on the ground frequency. The Cessna pilot requested permission to take off, "Kilo Mike ready to go from the right side." The tower advised they could not clear him to take off simultaneously with departing traffic on the right immediately before the Cessna was struck by TWA 427.
The Board recommended ground radar be installed at Lambert-St. Louis International Airport, and, further, that pilots should be required to read back runway assignments and controllers verify readback. A previous recommendation that airports should immediately close following any incident until the situation has been assessed was also included.
As of 2008 runway 13/31 has been converted into taxiway F. Taxiway R has been renamed to taxiway J and taxiway P is now taxiway E.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Aircraft Accident Report, Runway Collision Involving Trans World Airlines Flight 427 And Superior Aviation Cessna 441, Bridgeton, Missouri, November 22, 1994 (PDF). National Transportation Safety Board. August 30, 1995. Retrieved August 24, 2016.