Tapirus merriami
| Tapirus merriami Temporal range: Middle Pleistocene–Late Pleistocene | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Perissodactyla |
| Superfamily: | Tapiroidea |
| Family: | Tapiridae |
| Genus: | Tapirus |
| Species: | †T. merriami |
| Binomial name | |
| †Tapirus merriami Frick, 1921 | |
Tapirus merriami is an extinct species of tapir that inhabited the North America during the Pleistocene era. T. merriami became extinct about 13,000 to 11,000 BC at the end of the last ice age.[1]
Early history
Tapirs have a long history on the North American continent. Fossils of ancient tapirs in North America can be dated back to 50 million-year-old Eocene rocks on Ellesmere Island, Canada, which was then a temperate climate.[2] By 13 million years before present, tapirs very much like extant tapirs existed in Southern California.[3]
During the Pleistocene era, four species of tapirs are known to have inhabited the North American continent. Along with T. merriami, Tapirus californicus also lived in California, Tapirus veroensis was found in Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Missouri and Tennessee, and Tapirus copei was found from Pennsylvania to Florida.[4]
First discovered and described in 1921 by American vertebrate paleontologist Childs Frick, T. merriami lived at the same time, and perhaps many of the same locations, as T. californicus,[5] but is believed to have preferred more inland habitats of southern California and Arizona. Like T. californicus and all living tapirs, it is believed to have been a relatively solitary species. Of the four known Pleistocene-era tapirs found on the North American continent, T. merriami was the largest.[4] T. merriami was a stout-bodied herbivore with short legs, a large, tapering head, and a short, muscular proboscis adept at stripping leaves from shrubs.[6]
References
- ↑ San Diego Zoo: California Tapir, Tapirus californicus, 2009
- ↑ Eberle, J. 2005. A new "tapir" from Ellesmere Island, Arctic Canada - Implications for northern high latitude palaeobiogeography and tapir palaeobiology. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 277(4): 311–322.
- ↑ M. Colbert and R. Schoch 1998. Tapiroidea and other moropomorphs. In: C. Janis, K. Scott, L. Jacobs, (eds) Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America. Volume I: Terrestrial carnivores, ungulates, and ungulate like mammals. Cambridge University Press.
- 1 2 Björn Kurtén, Elaine Anderson (1980). Pleistocene mammals of North America. Columbia University Press. pp. 293–294. ISBN 0-231-03733-3.
- ↑ C. Janis (1984). Tapirs as living fossils. Living Fossils. N. Eldredge and S. Stanley (eds.). New York: Springer-Verlag. pp. 80–86.
- ↑ Jefferson, George T. Contributions in Science: Late Cenozoic Tapirs (Mammalia: Perissodactyla) of Western North America