Tarbes

Tarbes

The town hall of Tarbes

Coat of arms
Tarbes

Coordinates: 43°14′N 0°04′E / 43.23°N 0.07°E / 43.23; 0.07Coordinates: 43°14′N 0°04′E / 43.23°N 0.07°E / 43.23; 0.07
Country France
Region Occitanie
Department Hautes-Pyrénées
Arrondissement Tarbes
Canton Chief town of 5 cantons
Intercommunality Grand Tarbes
Government
 • Mayor (From 2001) Gérard Trémège (PR)
Area1 15.33 km2 (5.92 sq mi)
Population (2011)2 48,166
 • Density 3,100/km2 (8,100/sq mi)
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 • Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
INSEE/Postal code 65440 / 65000
Elevation 284–326 m (932–1,070 ft)
(avg. 304 m or 997 ft)

1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Tarbes (French pronunciation: ​[taʁb]; Occitan: Tarba) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in the Occitanie region of southwestern France. It is the capital of Bigorre. It has been a commune since 1790. It was known as Turba or Tarba in Roman times.[1] Tarbes is part of the historical region of Gascony.

Formerly of strong industrial tradition, Tarbes today tries to diversify its activities, particularly in aeronautics and high tech around the different zones of activities which are increasing. The recent development of Tarbais beans and other regional specialties also shows a willingness to develop the agri-food industry thus justifying its nickname of "market town". With 116,056 inhabitants in 2011, it is the second largest metropolitan area in the Occitanie region. Its 42,888 inhabitants are called Tarbaises and the Tarbais.

It is the seat of the diocese of Tarbes-et-Lourdes. The 1st Parachute Hussar Regiment and 35th Parachute Artillery Regiment are stationed in Tarbes.

Geography

Location

Location of Tarbes in the Pyrenees
The Pyrenees seen from Tarbes.

Tarbes is a Pre-Pyrenees town within the rich agricultural plain of the river Adour, 155 kilometres (96 miles) southwest of Toulouse, 144 kilometres (89 miles) to the east of Bayonne, 70 kilometres (43 miles) southwest of Auch and 20 kilometres (12 miles) northeast of Lourdes. Tarbes is 1 hr 30 mins from the Atlantic Ocean, 2 hrs 50 mins from the Languedoc coast and 35 minutes from the nearest ski resorts. It is located at an average elevation of 304 metres (997 feet).

To the south of Tarbes, along with the pilgrimage town of Lourdes, is the border with Spain. The Pyrenees mountains, lying along the border between France and Spain, can be seen from the town.

Hydrography

Tarbes is crossed to the east by the Adour river and to the west by the Échez and by the Gespe, a tributary which joins the Échez on the territory of the commune.

Neighbouring communes

Map of the commune of Tarbes and its adjacent communes
 Bordères-sur-l’Échez
Oursbelille		 Andrest
Bazet
(to Vic-en-Bigorre, Mont-de-Marsan and Bordeaux)		 Orleix
Aureilhan
(to Auch and Agen)
Ibos
(to Pau and Bayonne)		 Séméac
(to Saint-Gaudens and Toulouse)
   Tarbes  
Juillan
Ossun
Hibarette
Odos
(to Lourdes and Argelès-Gazost)		 Laloubère
Horgues
(to Bagnères-de-Bigorre)		 Soues
Barbazan-Debat

Climate

Tarbes features an oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb), with relatively hot summers, mild winters and abundant rainfall. Tarbes benefits from its privileged location in the area of the Adour, a milder microclimate than at Lourdes, from a higher altitude, and somewhat less rainy than in Pau, and sunnier. Summers are warm and often stormy, while spring is rainy and cool and autumn is mild and sunny. Winter, meanwhile, is less rigorous but can still hold some surprises. The lowest temperature was recorded in January 1985 with a temperature under shelter of −17.9 °C (−0.2 °F). Conversely, there was a maximum temperature of 39 °C (102 °F) in August 2003.

Location Sunshine Rain Snow Storm Fog
Paris 1,630 hrs/yr 642 millimetres (25.3 in)/yr 15 days/yr 19 days/yr 13 days/yr
Nice 2,694 hrs/yr 767 millimetres (30.2 in)/yr 1 day/yr 31 days/yr 1 day/yr
Toulouse 2,010 hrs/yr 656 millimetres (25.8 in)/yr 7 days/yr 26 days/yr 44 days/yr
Pau 1,850 hrs/yr 1,069 millimetres (42.1 in)/yr 6 days/yr 27 days/yr 42 days/yr
Tarbes 1,940 hrs/yr 975 millimetres (38.4 in)/yr 9 days/yr 29 days/yr 31 days/yr
National average 1,973 hrs/yr 770 millimetres (30 in)/yr 14 days/yr 22 days/yr 40 days/yr
Climate data for Tarbes, France (altitude 360m, 1981–2010) (Source: Météo-France, Infoclimat.fr)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 22.6
(72.7)		 29.2
(84.6)		 29.1
(84.4)		 30.1
(86.2)		 32.9
(91.2)		 37.9
(100.2)		 38.2
(100.8)		 39.0
(102.2)		 35.8
(96.4)		 33.8
(92.8)		 27.6
(81.7)		 26.1
(79)		 39.0
(102.2)
Average high °C (°F) 10.3
(50.5)		 11.3
(52.3)		 14.2
(57.6)		 15.8
(60.4)		 19.5
(67.1)		 22.8
(73)		 25.1
(77.2)		 25.2
(77.4)		 22.8
(73)		 19.0
(66.2)		 13.7
(56.7)		 11.0
(51.8)		 17.6
(63.7)
Average low °C (°F) 1.0
(33.8)		 1.5
(34.7)		 3.7
(38.7)		 5.6
(42.1)		 9.5
(49.1)		 12.8
(55)		 14.9
(58.8)		 14.9
(58.8)		 11.9
(53.4)		 8.7
(47.7)		 4.3
(39.7)		 1.8
(35.2)		 7.6
(45.7)
Record low °C (°F) −17.9
(−0.2)		 −14.4
(6.1)		 −9.8
(14.4)		 −3.4
(25.9)		 −1.8
(28.8)		 2.3
(36.1)		 5.9
(42.6)		 5.3
(41.5)		 0.7
(33.3)		 −3.3
(26.1)		 −9.6
(14.7)		 −13.4
(7.9)		 −17.9
(−0.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 95.0
(3.74)		 81.1
(3.193)		 87.0
(3.425)		 111.7
(4.398)		 111.6
(4.394)		 78.0
(3.071)		 56.0
(2.205)		 68.1
(2.681)		 71.6
(2.819)		 88.1
(3.469)		 102.5
(4.035)		 96.7
(3.807)		 1,047.4
(41.236)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 10.6 9.4 10.2 12.5 13.1 9.5 7.1 8.5 8.6 10.6 10.0 10.3 120.3
Average snowy days 2.2 2.1 1.7 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 1.7 9.2
Average relative humidity (%) 81 78 76 77 78 78 77 79 78 81 82 82 78.9
Mean monthly sunshine hours 118.3 129.2 169.2 170.2 189.1 197.9 204.9 206.0 189.8 150.6 117.5 108.7 1,951.2
Source #1: Météo France[2][3]
Source #2: Infoclimat.fr (humidity and snowy days, 1961–1990)[4]

Toponymy

The town was named for the first time in the 5th century as Civitas Turba ubi castrum Bigòrra. It was an important city of the Novempopulania. Gregory of Tours in the 6th century named Talvam vicum.

In the Middle Ages it was called Tarbé (1214), Tursa, Tarvia (1284) and also Tarbia. Not to be confused with the Tarbelles, whose capital was Dax.

Legendary origin of the name

Legend holds that the Queen of Ethiopia, Tarbis, proposed her love to Moses and that he refused. Inconsolable, she decided to leave her throne and hide her disappointment. After many wanderings, she arrived in Bigorre and built her home on the Adour to found the town of Tarbes, and its sister, on the banks of the Gave de Pau, arose as Lourdes.

History

Antiquity

Foundations of an old villa in the Ormeau quarter

In the 3rd century BC, the foundations of Tarbes began to emerge, based on the testimonies of the exhumed remains which had been buried. By need for salt trade, merchants who were likely Aquitanians travelled across the Pyrenean foothills. To continue their journey, they had to use a ford in order to cross the Adour which descended from the mountain. It was more prudent to split the loads to cross the ford as a result of which a pause was necessary. The bottom of the valley was dominated by a sandy emergence which prompted people to settle there.

Then, Tarba experienced a Roman colonisation and acquired ancient villas and large agricultural estates, found particularly in the Ormeau quarter. The existence of craft has been verified by the remains of the workshops of potters and weavers. The urban core, meanwhile, assumed the administrative functions and would have had an early Christian church in the 4th century.

Middle Ages

Map of the fiefs of Gascocony around 1150

In the 5th and 6th centuries, as a result of the barbarian invasions which swept in successive waves, the city shrank around the castrum, of which a remnant remains in the rear courtyard of the prefecture.

In about 840 AD, the Vikings led a devastating raid following which the Bishop of Bigorre reported that the city Bigorre was beginning with the cathedral, named with originality, la Sède.

At the end of the 12th century, the count of Bigorre settled in his castle of Tarbes, resulting with the court of justice being in his suite. Then, the capital of Bigorre received a Royal Seneschal.

Two noble houses were founded in the 13th century, outside the walls, one the convent of the Cordeliers near Carrère Longue, the other being that of the Carmelites in the vicinity of the Bourg Crabé.

At the end of the medieval centuries, the city was composed of six separate fortified towns, juxtaposed and aligned on an east-west axis, where the original core was ordered around the cathedral. There were thus la Sède, Carrère, Maubourguet and Bourg Vieux flanked to the east of the Count's castle, with Bourg Neuf and Bourg Crabé each surrounded by their own walls.

During the Wars of Religion, in 1569, the troops of Jeanne d'Albret burned the cathedral, the convents and other churches as well as the bishopric. Despite the strategic destruction to try to defend Bourg Vieux, the inhabitants were massacred.

Early Modern era

In the 17th century, after the plague and the problems of housing people of war, Tarbes ensured its revival with the reconstruction of the Episcopal Palace in 1652 (today the office of the prefecture), the foundation of a third hospital in 1690 and two new convents (Capuchins and Ursulines). Irrigation of the land and the water power used by the craftsmen were produced by the system of canals derived from the Adour.

The 18th century announced a growth of the population, and the development of agriculture, crafts and trade. The town expanded and new quarters appeared (such as the current Rue Maréchal-Foch). Then, the Constituent Assembly, which included Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac (Deputy of Bigorre to the Estates-General), decided to undertake administrative reform and Tarbes benefitted by becoming capital of the department of the Hautes-Pyrénées.

19th century

The Gare de Tarbes, around 1900
Brauhauban market, around 1900
An old image of the arsenal

Prerogatives of a chef-lieu

From 1800, Tarbes became the chef-lieu and headquarters of a prefecture (an increase of its administrative role and its functions). In 1806, Napoleon I re-established the National Stud of Tarbes and Tarbes gave birth to the Anglo-Arabian horse breed. In 1859, Tarbes was connected to Paris by rail.

Legacy

In the 19th century, various legacies enrich the public spaces of Tarbes. In 1853, Placide Massey bequeathed to the city the eponymous garden, still unfinished.[5] In 1877, a donation by the former Mayor Antoine Brauhauban was responsible for the construction of an imposing hall which bore his name (this building was destroyed in 1970 to establish outdoor parking).[6] The end of the 19th century still saw the construction of the two fountains of Place Marcadieu, a legacy of the benefactor Félicitée Duvignau.

Industrial development

After the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871, General Verchère de Reffye transformed the experimental workshop of Meudon (transferred by train to Tarbes) construction of an artillery workshop (called an arsenal by the people of Tarbes). Thus, Tarbes became an industrial and working-class town but also asserted its military vocation by the construction of the Larrey, Soult and Reffye quarters.

20th century

During World War I, Tarbes intensified its production of artillery by virtue of its geographical position in the back country. Marshal Foch, Commander-in-Chief of all allied armies, was born in Tarbes in 1851.

During World War II, the Resistance was also part of the everyday life of the town of Tarbes, which was awarded the Croix de Guerre.

After the return of peace, the industry diversified and there was an expansion of the population. Tarbes remained a city of strong military character.

21st century

Today, Tarbes has also become a university city and the main activities are now within the tertiary sector (services). In addition to its privileged geographical situation, less than an hour from the Pyrenees mountains, two hours from the Atlantic Ocean and three hours from the Mediterranean via the La Pyrénéenne autoroute, the city offers a certain lifestyle and boasts a cultural life which is packed with clubs and sport.

Heraldry

 The arms of Tarbes are blazoned:
"Quarterly or and gules."

Economy

Being farther away from Toulouse than other cities of Midi-Pyrénées, Tarbes may appear to display greater economic independence. Also it often occupies the second place in the regional urban hierarchy. It maintains close relations with Aquitaine and, in particular, with Pau, a nearby town of the Pre-Pyrenees.

Industry

TARMAC and the fields around Ossun.

Tarbes is the second industrial city of the region. this is particularly illustrated in the field of railway construction and aeronautics with the presence of nearby companies such as Alstom and Daher. Daher-Socata manufactures business and tourism aircraft there, including the TBM 850 and TB 20. Its headquarters and its main industrial site are located on the outskirts of the Tarbes-Lourdes-Pyrénées Airport in the canton of Ossun, south of Grand Tarbes, where its facilities are spread over 53 hectares (130 acres), of which 80,000 square metres (860,000 sq ft) are covered surfaces. At the end of 2006, its strength stood at more than 1,050 people.

Ossun, a neighbouring commune of the agglomeration, is also home to TARMAC, a company dedicated to the dismantling of aircraft for which it was necessary to construct an imposing building. The platform is, again, installed on the Tarbes-Lourdes-Pyrénées airport area, and revolves around the three complementary activities of storage, maintenance and deconstruction. Boostec, based in Bazet, collaborated with EADS-Astrium to build the Herschel space telescope, launched on 14 May 2009.[7]

Zones of activity

In addition to the Aerospace Valley involving DeciElec, Socata/Daher, Pearl and Tarmac, Tarbes is developing several business parks.

University centre

Tarbes also houses the second University centre of the Midi-Pyrénées[8] with a University Institute of technology (IUT) and National School of Engineers of Tarbes (ENIT) having more than 5,000 students.

Tourism

The Tarbes–Lourdes–Pyrénées Airport is still the second of the Midi-Pyrénées.[9] Also in the town centre, the Rex Hotel, a designer hotel addressing a rather affluent clientele, and the arrival of brands such as H&M and new places of leisure (CGR, etc.) seem to attest to the attractiveness of the town.

Agriculture

Often presented as a "market town", Tarbes is home to important halls and market squares, allowing opportunities for local agriculture. Symbol of the local food industry, a Cooperative of tarbais beans including emerged at the heart of the Bastillac zone.

Transport

Main articles: [[:Bus routes of Tarbes]] and Tarbes–Lourdes–Pyrénées Airport

Air

The small Tarbes-Lourdes-Pyrénées Airport is situated 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the town centre. This airport is served by HOP! which provides three daily and two weekend air services to Paris-Orly. Jetairfly, which ensures a connection of two flights a week during the summer,[10] and Thomas Cook Airlines (charter flight) also connects to Brussels Airport. Ryanair serves London-Stansted and Milan Bergamo, with two and three flights a week, respectively.[10] Meridiana connects to Rome and finally Air Nostrum (Iberia Regional) offers two flights per week to Madrid Barajas. The airport also offers seasonal charter flights to and from the largest European cities.

Rail

The Gare de Tarbes railway station offers direct connections with Paris, Bordeaux, Toulouse, Bayonne and several regional destinations.

The TGV makes several times per day the junction with the Paris-Montparnasse station with a journey of six hours. It also allows connection to Bordeaux in three hours.[11] This offer is complemented by that of the TER, Intercités and Intercités de Nuit (night trains, ex-Lunéa) for important exchanges with Toulouse, Pau and the Basque coast. These provide further connections, without another change of train, with Lyon, Irun and also Geneva.

Road

Tarbes is also served by the A64 allowing in the direction of Toulouse, to drive freely to Lannemezan or Capvern, and towards Bayonne and joining Pau, which is also accessible from the RD 817.

Movements are facilitated by a boulevard circling the town. The recent development of the different centres of activity around Tarbes has promoted the creation of the southwest ring road which should extend to the north towards the D935 (Route de Bordeaux) and the N21 (Route d'Auch). A southern bypass is also projected between Tarbes-east to the Juillan interchange and the airport. Finally, a ring road is under consideration, which would connect Séméac to Orleix.

The new portion of dual-carriageway of the N21 which opened in December 2012 between Tarbes and Lourdes aims to promote economic and tourism links between the Bigorre capital and second city of the department, as well as to Argelès-Gazost already connected a Marian estate by a dual-carriageway section.

The RD935 and the RD8 allow they to go to Bagnères-de-Bigorre.

Public transport

The communes of Grand Tarbes are served by a bus network called Alezan.[12] An electric shuttle for the town centre. Finally, it is possible to rent cycles in the Place du Foirail, under the Vél'en Ville system.[13]

Politics and administration

The Tribunal of Grand Instance (High Court) of Tarbes

Tarbes is the capital of the Hautes-Pyrénées department and concentrates various utilities including the court of grand instance, a branch of the Bank of France, the Chamber of Commerce and local industry, the Chamber of skilled crafts, crafts and Services.

In 2011, the municipality of Tarbes was rewarded with the label "Ville Internet @@@@".

The municipal history of Tarbes under the Fifth Republic was marked by several waves.

In the elections of 1959, the outgoing Socialist mayor, Marcel Billières, was a victim of the resilience of the Communist Party but especially also the shift to the right, which managed to seize the city hall with the election of Paul Boyrie. He was comfortably re-elected in 1965 (58.4%) and 1971 (55.2%). However, his sudden death a few weeks before the 1977 elections caused confusion in the ranks of the outgoing majority.

In this election, the Communist Paul Chastellain prevailed in the first round (50.6%), at the head of a list of union of the left. He was reelected in 1983 with 54.8% against Jean Journé (UDF-RPR), but took ill with a heart attack during the count. Raymond Erracarret (FCP) was elected mayor by the municipal council. The new councillor regained his chair in 1989 with 54.1% against Jean Journé (UDF-RPR), then with a reduced majority (51.3%) in 1995, against Gérard Trémège (UDF-RPR).

2001 then marked a brand new change: Gérard Trémège, after a merger of the lists of DL-UDF and RPR, became mayor with 50.1% of the vote (26 votes in advance). He was re-elected on 17 March 2008 under the UMP-Radical Party label "Valoisien" this time with 54.3% (1,705 votes ahead of Jean Glavany) and again on 23 March 2014, this time in the first round with 52.95% of the votes.

List of mayors

List of mayors of Tarbes
Start End Name Party Other details
March 2001 In progress Gérard Trémège UMP President of the Communauté d'agglomération du Grand Tarbes from 2008 to 2014
Vice-President of the Communauté d'agglomération du Grand Tarbes from 2014
Regional Counsel from 2004
March 1983 March 2001 Raymond Erraçarret PCF General Counsel
March 1977 March 1983 Paul Chastellain PCF
March 1959 March 1977 Paul Boyrie RI
March 1953 March 1959 Marcel Billères SFIO

Cantons

Tarbes is the chef-lieu of five cantons (involving only quarters in Tarbes), themselves divided into two electoral districts of Hautes-Pyrénées: Cantons I, III and IV in the first, and the cantons II and V in the second:

Intercommunality

Born of the Community of Communes of the tarbaise agglomeration, created in 1995, the Grand Tarbes or the Communauté d'agglomération du Grand Tarbes has competence related to transportation, travellers, culture, sports, environment, the university and the city's policy. It now includes the municipalities of Aureilhan, Bordères-sur-l'Échez, Bours, Ibos, Laloubère, Louey, Odos, Orleix, Séméac, Salles-Adour, Sarrouilles, Soues and Tarbes, and thus contains some 75,000 inhabitants on 1 January 2015 (2012 legal population, INSEE). The mayor of Tarbes, Gerard Manty, was the presidenct until the 2014 municipal elections where he had to give way to the Socialist mayor of Orleix, Charles Habas, because of the more left-wing position of Odos.

Schools

  • École Henri-Wallon
  • École Michelet
  • École Frédéric-Mistral
  • École Louise-Michel
  • École Berthelot
  • École Henri-Duparc
  • École Anatole-France
  • École Henri-IV
  • École Jean-de-La-Fontaine
  • École Jeanne-Larroque
  • École La Sendère
  • École Jacques-Prévert
  • École Pablo-Neruda
  • École Charles-Perrault
  • École Voltaire
  • Institution Jeanne-d'Arc
  • École Saint-Joseph
  • Institution Sainte-Thérèse
  • École Henri-IV
  • École Claude-Debussy
  • École Jean-Macé
  • École Paul-Bert
  • École Jules-Verne
  • École Victor-Hugo
  • École Jean-Jacques-Rousseau
  • École Jean-Moulin
  • École La Sendere
  • École Ormeau-Figarol
  • École Théophile Gautier
  • École Voltaire
  • École Pradeau-La Sède
  • Institution Jeanne-d'Arc
  • École Saint-Joseph
  • Institution Sainte-Thérèse
  • Collège Desaix
  • Collège Massey
  • Collège Paul-Eluard
  • Collège Pyrénées
  • Collège Victor-Hugo
  • Collège Voltaire
  • Collège Jeanne-d'Arc
  • Collège Pradeau-La-Sede
  • Lycée Marie Curie
  • Lycée Théophile Gautier
  • Lycée Adriana
  • Lycée Jean-Dupuy
  • Lycée Lautréamont
  • Lycée Reffye
  • Lycée Jeanne d'Arc
  • Lycée Pradeau-La-Sede
  • Lycée Saint-Vincent-de-Paul
  • Lycée Saint-Pierre

Higher academic institutions

National School of Engineers of Tarbes

The ENIT building

The school's educational project aims to give versatile training in engineering, industrial engineering, strong culture and openness, able to design, implement and construct industrial systems and production equipment, in respect of the environment and safety.

University Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier

Site of Tarbes:

LMD: Licence of Physics and Applications in Sciences of the Universe and the Environment

IUT (University Institute of Technology):

IUP (Professionalised University Institute):

IUP MPMO - Management of small and medium-sized enterprises

The University Institute of Technology

Professional licenses:

Continuing education:

University of Pau and Pays de L'adour

Located at the Spanish border, the University of Pau and Pays de L'adour (UPPA) is a network of 4 campuses, which are in Tarbes, the Hautes-Pyrénées campus, at the gates of the National Park of the Pyrenees and the Observatoire du Pic du Midi de Bigorre. The diplomas awarded in Tarbes: Arts, letters, languages, humanities and social sciences, sport (2 degrees), and science and technology (3 degrees).

University Toulouse II Le Mirail

The University Institute of Teacher Training of the Midi-Pyrénées (IUFM), become internal school of the University of Toulouse II – Le Mirail, offers courses at level Bac+4 and Bac+5 for access to competitive examination of the teaching order, in particular, to become Professor of schools (CRPE). It's the Master EFE-ESE (Childhood Education Teacher Training specialty, schooling in the 1st degree and Education) declined through several research courses including one in Occitan.

The Tarbes Pyrénées art school

Training Institute in music pedagogy

Established in 1998, at the initiative of the prefect Jean Dussourd and encouraged by Mr. Joël-René Dupont, Academy Inspector, this private institute (the Kaddouch education is partner of the Sorbonne) teaches the pedagogy of Robert Kaddouch with the teachers of the European music conservatories, and provides music education to students of all ages whose youngest are babies of five months old.

Health

The city has also a medical centre spread over three sites that make up the Intercommunal Hospital Centre of Tarbes - Vic-en-Bigorre (CHIC-TV). On 6 June 2003, the institution changed its name and became the Hospital Centre of Bigorre (CHB): A short stay site ("La Gespe" in Tarbes) and two geriatric sites ("L'Ayguerote" in Tarbes and Vic en Bigorre); in 2016 the new hospital of Tarbes and Lourdes will be in Lanne, opposite the airport. The Ormeau Polyclinic in collaboration with the Pyrenees-Bigorre Clinic is the second centre of health in Tarbes. Every year in October, are organised the Pyreneean Days of Gynecology, of worldwide recognition.

Demography

In 2012, the commune had 41,664 inhabitants. The evolution of the number of inhabitants is known through the population censuses carried out in the town since 1793. From the 21st century, the communes with more than 10,000 inhabitants have a census take place every year as a result of a sample survey, unlike the other communes which have a real census every five years.[note 1][note 2]

Historical population
YearPop.±%
17936,213—    
18006,777+9.1%
18067,934+17.1%
18218,035+1.3%
18319,706+20.8%
183612,630+30.1%
184112,425−1.6%
184613,321+7.2%
185114,004+5.1%
YearPop.±%
185614,743+5.3%
186114,768+0.2%
186614,658−0.7%
187621,293+45.3%
188123,273+9.3%
188625,146+8.0%
189125,087−0.2%
189624,197−3.5%
190126,055+7.7%
YearPop.±%
190625,869−0.7%
191128,615+10.6%
192126,535−7.3%
192629,856+12.5%
193132,374+8.4%
193634,749+7.3%
194644,854+29.1%
195440,242−10.3%
196246,600+15.8%
YearPop.±%
196855,375+18.8%
197554,897−0.9%
198251,422−6.3%
199047,566−7.5%
199946,275−2.7%
200645,433−1.8%
201241,664−8.3%
From 1962 to 1999: Population without double counting; for the years following: municipal population.
Source: Ldh/EHESS/Cassini until 1999[14] then INSEE from 2004[15]

The population of the commune of Tarbes (legal municipal population 2010) established on 1 January 2013, at 43,034 inhabitants, thus placing the commune as fourth of the Midi-Pyrénées region after Toulouse (441,802 inhabitants), Montauban (56,271 inhabitants) and Albi (48,916 inhabitants). In 1995, the Communauté d'agglomération of Grand Tarbes (12 communes, 78,493 inhabitants) was created which, regionally, ranks third behind the Grand Toulouse (37 communes, 705,000 inhabitants), Castres-Mazamet (16 communes, 85,000 inhabitants), Grand Albigeois (17 communes, 82,181 inhabitants) and before Montauban (7 communes of Montauban-Trois rivières, 64,489 inhabitants). The urban centre has 95,029 inhabitants. It includes the more urbanised communes and those nearest to Tarbes, whether or not in the Communauté d'agglomération of Grand Tarbes. We can include the communes of Juillan (4,078 inhabitants), Ossun (2,383 inhabitants), Azereix (1,019 inhabitants, Louey (1,018 inhabitants), Lanne (585 inhabitants), Barbazan-Debat (3,571 inhabitants), Bazet (1 674 inhabitants), Oursbelille (1,243 inhabitants), Momères (676 inhabitants) and Horgues (1,115 inhabitants). In addition, it should be noted that the perimeter of the Grand Tarbes is three times less than that of the urban area which, with 115,857 inhabitants (2009), is the second of the Pyrenees behind Toulouse (1,102,882 inhabitants) and ahead of Albi (92,927 inhabitants) and Montauban (82,193 inhabitants).

Communes of the Tarbes urban centre Census date
2011 Community of communes or agglomeration Political affiliation of the mayor
Tarbes 42,888 CA Grand Tarbes UMP
Aureilhan 7,941 CA Grand Tarbes PS
Séméac 4,669 CA Grand Tarbes PS
Bordères-sur-l'Échez 4,338 CA Grand Tarbes DVD
Juillan 4,020 CC Canton d'Ossun DVD
Barbazan-Debat 3,453 CA Grand Tarbes PRG
Odos 3,220 CA Grand Tarbes DVG
Soues 3,004 CA Grand Tarbes PS
Ibos 2,780 CA Grand Tarbes PS
Ossun 2,319 CC Canton d'Ossun PS
Laloubère 1,943 CA Grand Tarbes UMP
Orleix 1,904 CA Grand Tarbes PS
Bazet 1,664 None PCF
Oursbelille 1,220 None PCF
Horgues 1,093 CC Gespe Adour Alaric UMP
Azereix 1,017 CC Canton d'Ossun SE
Louey 989 CC Canton d'Ossun SE
Bours 783 CA Grand Tarbes SE
Momères 665 CC Gespe Adour Alaric SE
Sarrouilles 550 CA Grand Tarbes PS
Salles-Adour 476 CA Grand Tarbes PCF
Allier 383 CC Gespe Adour Alaric SE
Chis 299 CA Grand Tarbes SE

Outstanding public buildings and places

Public buildings

The city hall and the courthouse, classical buildings of the 19th century, adjoin the Rue Maréchal-Foch. Built in 1907,[16] it is denoted by its candid monumentality. It is surmounted by a bell tower and faces the Place Jean-Jaurès enthroned with a statue of Danton. On the façade, one can read the motto "Concord, liberty, equality, fraternity, labour." The Hôtel Brauhauban, an 18th-century mansion, is one of its annexes.

Not far away, the Police headquarters occupies two mansions built on the north walls filled in the 18th century to give birth to the current Rue Georges-Clemenceau. The Academy of Inspection of Hautes-Pyrénées occupies a former school, built at the end of the 19th century.

In the La Sède quarter, the prefecture was housed in the old Episcopal Palace, rebuilt in the 17th century. Not far away, lies the old college of Tarbes which became the Lycée Impérial in 1853 and was renamed Lycée Théophile Gautier in 1911. The Council General of Hautes-Pyrénées also has several buildings including the former seminary of priests of the 18th century. The departmental archives are housed in a remarkable building from 1936.

Three places are devoted to the markets: The market hall and the Place Marcadieu, Brauhauban market hall and the Place du Foirail. Near the Brauhauban market hall is an Italian theatre, known as the Théâtre des Nouveautés, which was built in 1885.[17]

Fountains and squares

Fountain of the Quatre-Vallées

The city has many fountains. The Place Marcadieu and Place Verdun reproduce the same pattern: They each have two fountains spread at either ends and not in the middle.

Félicitée Duvignau initiated this peculiarity, in Place Marcadieu, by bequest wishing for the building of fountains at each end of this vast esplanade. This relates to an eponymous Baltard-type market hall building in 1883.[18] Inaugurated in 1897,[19] the monumental fountain of the Quatre-Vallées, combining cast iron and sculpture, figures the valleys of Bagnères, Aure, Argelès and the plain of Tarbes.[20] At the other end of the square, the more modest "Source de l'amour" [Source of love], presents an echo of the style.

The Montaut fountain is set at the centre of this public space and was moved close to the square of the same name. Named after its donor, it is carved in stone by Nelli of the Pyrenees and was first erected in 1874.

In 2008, the ensemble was further complemented by the construction of a nearby square planted with palm trees, in the north of its namesake Sainte-Thérèse Church.[21]

The Place de Verdun has fountains of a much more contemporary appearance. To the south, the Grande Fontaine [Great Fountain] forms a playful bell of water. It is assisted in the north by the Droits de l'Enfant [Rights of the Child] fountain, where a water jet raises a ball which can be rotated by only the force of the wrist.

The Alhambra fountain, a replica of the mythical Alhambra fountain in Granada, Spain. The fountain is located at 43 Rue Maréchal-Foch in an open-air shopping area. Around the fountain is a landscaping of greenery.

The Fontaine de l'Inondation [Fountain of the Flood] which was installed in the Place de Verdun in 1901 was relocated, in 1934, to the Place de la Courteboule in the Soult quarter. It features a family and its goat fleeing the waters contained therein. This is an allusion to the flood of 1875.

The Alhambra Fountain in Tarbes

Other fountains can also be mentioned such as the one of the Cours Reffye, the one in Place Saint-Jean and that of La Gespe in the Place André-Guerlain.

The fountain in the Place de Verdun

Military heritage

Equestrian statue of Ferdinand Foch

The Haras de Tarbes is composed of an 8 hectares (20 acres) park with Empire-syle buildings including the Maison du Cheval. It was created by Napoleon in 1806 and is the birthplace of a refined breed of horses, the Anglo-Arabian, which are provided to the regiments of hussars. The buildings were built with mostly local materials: Grey marmorifere stone, pebbles of the Adour, bricks and slates. It has a riding school and stables including boxes and with a set of remarkable chestnut panelled ceilings.

During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, Jean-Baptiste Verchère de Reffye establishes, in the old store of tobacco in Tarbes, an artillery workshop commonly referred to as "Arsenal". It was used for military armament production until 2006. The site is today turning towards the tertiary sector. The old tobacco store houses the Municipal Archives and the Massey Museum reserves. In front stands the House of associations and its bell tower.

The development of the Larrey, Soult and Reffye quarters saw the assertion of the military role of Tarbes in the 19th and 20th centuries. Several barracks were built. With regard to the Larrey barracks (1825), the majesty of the central building, 150 metres (492 feet) long and flanked by two side buildings, is reinforced by the existence of an accessible courtyard from a portal framed by two pavilions of neoclassical inspiration. The ensemble is located in the axis of the Leclerc martial walkways which concentrate memorials including the monumental equestrian statue of Marshal Foch erected in 1935. Firmin Michelet is represented riding Marboré, a horse owned by the Fould family.

The Reffye high school is an old military barracks surrendered by the army after World War II.

Industrial remains

The former site of the Arsenal has been renovated to accommodate shops, places of leisure (cinema, a second bowling facility, laser quest,[22] restaurants, etc.), municipal or community buildings (archives, maison des associations, business, etc.) and companies. The industrial architecture of the place is preserved. Its genesis took place in 1871 with Jean-Baptiste Verchère de Reffye as the main protagonist.[23] Its industrial deterioration occurred following the 2003 announcement of the closure of the GIAT site, heir to the arsenal of 1871.

This area is adjacent, in Aureilhan, to the Oustau ceramic factory which was founded in 1873 by Laurence Oustau. The factory buildings, abundantly decorated with glazed bricks, were protected as an Historic Monument in 1994.

Religious buildings

Cathedral, churches and mosque

The Cathedral of Notre-Dame-de-la-Sède
Vault of the cathedral

Alongside the former Episcopal Palace which became the prefecture, the Notre-Dame-de-la-Sede Cathedral has a classical façade dating from the 17th century. In contrast, the apse chapel is topped by a lantern tower which was enlarged in the Gothic period and the transept dating from the 12th century are primarily marked by the Romanesque origins of the building. The high altar has a Baroque marble canopy, the implementation of which has been attributed to Dominique Ferrère. One can still see the ceiling painted by Henri Borde and the Testament of Louis XVI carved in the oratory.[24] Saint Vincent de Paul was ordained deacon, here, in 1598.[25]

A little further from the city centre, in the direction of Pau or Ibos, is located the Sainte-Anne Church.

The Saint-Jean-Baptiste Church, commonly known as St. John's Church, is located in the heart of the commercial centre, straddling the pedestrianised Rue Brauhauban, and the Rue Maréchal-Foch. Repeatedly devastated during the Wars of Religion, its structure, dating from the 15th century, remains marked by the Meridional Gothic trend. In the Middle Ages, the building played a major role in the city and the States of Bigorre met there. The church houses a remarkable organ and many Baroque chapels. The high altar is a work of Jean Brunello.[26] The Neo-Romanesque bell tower dates from the 17th century.[27]

Of Languedoc Gothic style, the Sainte-Thérèse Church is opposite the market halls and the Place Marcadieu. Its history began with the establishment of the Carmelites in the 13th century. The bell tower, which is one of the oldest items, dates from the 15th century and is a remnant of the ancient abbey.[28] The church was, however, largely renovated in the 19th century by the architect of the city, Claude Tiffon. It houses a superb organ, beautiful woodwork, some beautiful Baroque statues and paintings of Raymond-Marc Lagarrigue.

The Church of Saint-Antoine was constructed, near the site of the Arsenal, in 1896. It is thus to link to the past workers of this parish who were Conventual Franciscans.[29]

The Church of Saint-Martin, the Sainte-Bernadette Church and the Saint-Vincent-de-Paul Church, which is pyramid-shaped, are of contemporary architecture.

Founded in 1986, the Serbian Orthodox Church of Notre-Dame Source de Vie [Our Lady Source of Life] is decorated with beautiful murals.

In 2005, the first stone of the Omar Ibn al-Khattab Mosque was laid.

Chapels

The Henri Duparc Conservatory

The current Théophile Gautier high school, once led by the Doctrinaires (brothers of Christian Doctrine), houses a chapel which has an altar which is classified as an historical monument. It was directed by the Bigorre sculptor Dominique Ferrère during the Baroque period.

The Jeanne d'Arc institution includes a chapel with decor of Art Deco inspiration.

The Ayguerote hospital, which became retirement home, includes a Baroque chapel.

The Carmelite chapel was founded in 1870. Now owned by the town of Tarbes, the chapel became a place of exhibitions. The cloister is not accessible to the public.

The Henri Duparc Conservatory has gradually invested in its adjoining chapel.[30]

Old mansions

The Hôtel de Bricquet (17th century).

In the La Sède quarter the prefecture and the cathedral are visible, the family home of Marshal Foch dating from the 17th century was converted into a museum. It is typically of Bigorre and remains recognisable by its yellow façade. It is possible to visit the room where he was born, and the office of the Marshal, and to observe objects which are related to him.

Other fine examples of Bigorre houses are visible on the Rue de la Victoire, Rue Clémenceau and also Rue Regiment-de-Bigorre. They are recognisable by their carved wooden doors, their coloured plaster frames which enhance grey marmorifere stone, with their wooden roofed balconies and their slate roofs pierced by skylights.

Opposite the Saint-Jean Church, the birthplace of Bertrand Barère is visible.

At the mercy of the movements of his father, Théophile Gautier was also born in Rue Brauhauban. The house is still visible today. The family, however, lived there for only three years. The Rue Brauhauban is also home to the birthplace of another poet of the 19th century, Laurent Tailhade.

English Imperial style or even Neobasque villas dating from the 19th and 20th centuries, adorn the Massey Garden, the Bel Air Park, the Paul Chastellain Park and their respective quarters. The Villa Massey, in the heart of its namesake garden, is Neo-Moorish (19th century). Villa Fould, formerly the residence of Baron Achille Fould, Minister of State of Napoleon III, has been restored. It now houses the headquarters of the Pyrénées National Park. A little further away is Villa Bel Air from the beginning of the 20th century.

Art Nouveau buildings line the Rue Maréchal-Foch and Rue Bertrand Barrère.

Green spaces

The Massey Garden

Tarbes obtained its fourth flower in 2002 under the Competition of floral cities and villages and seeks to maintain this distinction. Tarbes has also received the Grand Prix national of flowering.[31]

The Massey Garden houses a museum, the cloister of the Abbey of Saint-Sever-de-Rustan, the Higher School of Art of Tarbes, an orangerie, a wildlife park, a bandstand. Depending on the season, it is possible to visit by horse-drawn carriage and small train. It is thus a privileged relaxation area near to the Carmel exhibition hall, the Louis Aragon media library and the Berrens Park tennis courts.[32]

At the centre of the Bel Air Park, sits the old Château Delong better known today as the Villa Bel Air which has become a children's recreation centre. The Sellerie Park, with a more urban aspect, is backed by a separate road.[33]

The Chastellain Park is the haven of greenery of the Villa Fould which contains the administrative headquarters of the Pyrenees National Park.

The Échez Park, a recent green space, is attempting to unite the university quarters of Bastillac and Solazur.[34]

Within the Laubadère quarter, Bois Blancs [White Woods] Park is, similarly, a contemporary creation. It includes five islets symbolizing the five continents plus a central island used to host events. Spaces dedicated to games and sport adorn the area devoted to Europe.[35]

Along the leafy Leclerc paths are gathered various monuments commemorating the two world wars, and which has the equestrian statue of Marshal Foch.

The path of the banks of the Adour, also called Camin Adour, is equipped with a fitness trail and is a popular landscaped walking space enjoyed by the people of Tarbes.

Culture

Museums and exhibition spaces

The Massey Museum is best known for hosting the International Museum of the Hussars. However, it also presents a rich collection of fine arts. The building, located within the Massey Garden, is of Moorish style.

The exhibition room of Carmel is complementary. This place of awareness of art is a former Carmelite convent dating from 1870.

The Museum of Deportation and Resistance, inaugurated in 1989, was the brainchild of the associations of former deportees and former resistance fighters.

The museum space of the House of the Pyrénées National Park evokes the local flora and fauna.

The French national stud displays old saddles, carriages, a farrier's workshop, etc.

In the birthplace of Marshal Foch, his room has been reconstituted, along with its alcove and his office. It preserves the memories of his personal and military objects, etc.

Musical culture

The city of Tarbes is to the delight of audiophiles, with the last independent record store of the south-west, which moved premises from Pau.[36] Located in the city centre, at 43 Rue Maréchal-Foch, it is reserved for vinyl collectors with numerous musical genres. This place attracts French and foreign travellers as they pass through the Bigorre city.

Theatres

In addition to the exhibition halls, the various stages and theatres of the city, including that of La Gespe devoted to contemporary music. La Pari, the performing arts stage, is still a place for contemporary creativity. The main theatre remains that of the Nouveautés but Le Parvis, a multidisciplinary cultural institution combining music, dance and cinema on the outskirts in the heart of the Le Meridien commercial centre, sees many pieces played within.

A cinema with eleven rooms "all-digital and 3D" opened its doors in 2010 in a former GIAT industrial building, renovated for the occasion.

Events

Throughout the year, Tarbes offers all kinds of activities, here is a comprehensive list:

January

  • Petits As tennis world tournament
  • Puppy show
  • Show of the artists of the Saint-Antoine quarter

February

  • Funfair
  • The Railwaymen Painters' Show
  • Women's tournament of Basque pelota
  • The Stamp Festival

March

  • International Women's Day
  • Days of the French language
  • Agricultural fair
  • The nautical Tarbes
  • Day of courtesy on the road
  • Martial Arts Gala
  • Bullfight of Tarbes

April

  • Day of Summer Jobs
  • Sustainable Development Week
  • Week of flavours
  • The night of the Rocktambules
  • Occitan week
  • Used car show
  • Real estate and renewable energy exhibition
  • The Comic Book Festival
  • National Day of Remembrance

May

  • European Solar Days
  • Festival Danceroots
  • Forum of associations
  • May of the Book
  • Festival of Neighbors
  • Festival of Urban Culture
  • Festival of the Game
  • Baptism and meetings of Capoeira

June

  • "Culture of the Islands" Festival
  • Ceremonies of 8–18 June
  • National Philately Exhibition
  • Festivals de Tarbes
  • The Open Doors of the 35th RAP
  • Music Festival
  • Pyrenees Passions Exhibition
  • Antiques exhibition
  • Swimming meeting
  • National carriage driving competition

July

  • Equestria horse riding Festival
  • Night market
  • July 14 ceremony
  • Night of the stars

August

September

  • International military music festival
  • Day of the bike
  • Celebration of sport in family
  • Arts and Decoration fair
  • Vital'Sport
  • Slalom auto-sport pursuit
  • Quinqua's Cup
  • Heritage days
  • Day of celebration of the Association Avenue de la Marne
  • Parachuting Cup
  • Agro-Sud Industry Show
  • National day of homage to the harkis
  • International dog show
  • Terro'Art
  • Tournament of numbers and letters
  • Convention of role-playing games of the lands of the West

October

  • Pyrenean days of gynaecology "Infogyn"
  • Day of the Dys
  • Education fair
  • Fair of Tarbes
  • Festival of Sainte-Thérèse
  • Week of education and the fight against racism and discrimination
  • World Breastfeeding Week
  • Show "venue for employment"
  • The Cîmes martial arts tournament

November

  • Ibero-Andalusian Festival of Tarbes and of Bigorre
  • Hobbies fair
  • Week of the mandolin
  • International solidarity week
  • Nature and ecosystems show
  • Tea party
  • Festival of science
  • Tarbais sports festival

December

Local media

Newspapers

The group of La Dépêche du Midi has a local daily edition as well as a comparable second edition branded as the La Nouvelle République des Pyrénées (the latter does not appear on Sunday unlike the first which is published every day).

The Sogemedia Group publishes the weekly La semaine des Pyrénées.

A version of the weekly Le Petit Journal is also available in the department.

Radio

FM channels include several local radio stations with their premises in the urban area: Pic FM, Radio País, Atomic, etc.

Other radio stations in the region broadcast local information bulletins such as 100% Radio.

Some national radio stations still have studios in the city such as Fun Radio and NRJ.

Internet

Several web portals of local influence are based in Tarbes, such as Bigorre.org and Le65.com.

There are still several information websites (webzines), sometimes having their own web TV broadcasts such as Tarbesinfo.fr.

Gastronomy

Bigorre jealously nurtures this gem, originally from Latin America, and introduced in the 18th century in the Adour Valley. It requires soil with well defined criteria and with seeding on a specific date. Picking is done exclusively by hand, pod by pod. This exceptional bean received the Label Rouge [Red Label] in 1997 and a Protected Geographical Indication in 2000, which guarantees its level of quality.

Belongs to the mosaic of the vineyards of the south-west. In existence since Gallo-Roman times, however its actual creation date was during the 11th century, when Madiran Abbey was founded by the Benedictine monks.

Its fame was established through the pilgrims of St Jacques de Compostela who discovered it while crossing the region. Straddling three departments, Madiran is a hillside vineyard, with an area of approximately 1,600 hectares (4,000 acres). Very rich in tannins, it is a full-bodied red wine and robust, rough in its youth. After ageing, its tannins are softened and it develops aromas of great finesse, mingling the smells of toasted bread and spices and thus blends perfectly with regional dishes.

A very old breed which was rescued from extinction in 1981, this exceptional product requires outdoor rearing conditions which respect the requirements of this pedigree and relies on traditional knowledge. After 14 months of attentive care and a minimum natural refining of 18 months, the "black pork of Bigorre" gives a ham of choice, which is a real pleasure for gourmets.

It is the quintessential cake from Bigorre. A very delicate cake, which has a taste of wood fire. A recipe for those who own a fireplace because the cooking is done "by spit" before flambéing. This cone is slowly basted with paste to obtain successive layers, which after several hours of cooking, give a cone-shaped cake. It can be stored for more than a month and must be consumed at the end of the third day, with or without custard.

Goat, cow, sheep or mixed (cow-sheep), etc. Farm cheese, usually molded by hand, salted and matured in a cool cellar. The producers are happy to welcome visitors, where they can discover the sheepfold and the cheese production facilities.

Of an ancestral knowledge, the "Barèges-Gavarnie" is a meat with exceptional qualities thanks to the respect for the traditions. These traditions promote the optimal use of the natural environment, and knowledge adapted to the mountainous terrain and harsh climate. For centuries, man and nature have been joined in establishing a land of pastoralism and life.

Markets

Military life

Red beret of the 1st Parachute Hussar Regiment
Badge of the 1st Parachute Hussar Regiment
  • 53rd Infantry Regiment, 1871-1907
  • 14th Field Artillery Regiment, before 1906-1914
  • 24th Field Artillery Regiment (France), 1906
  • 24th Divisional Artillery Regiment, 1939-1940
  • 5th Hussar Regiment, 1838-1839
  • 9th Hussar Regiment, 1851-1856
  • 1st Parachute Hussar Regiment, 1858
  • 2nd Hussar Regiment, 1859-1861
  • 10th Hussar Regiment, 1901-1919
  • 2nd Hussar Regiment, 1919-1940
  • 2nd Hussar Regiment, 1940-1942
  • 2nd Hussar Regiment, 1944-1945
  • 3rd Company of Mounted Cavalry, before 1906-1914
  • 541st Veterinary Group

Sport

Clubs

Facilities

House of Martial Arts

Events

2006 Tour de France stage held in Tarbes with a large turn out

Personalities linked to the commune

Political figures

Bertrand Barère

Sportspeople

Bernard Lapasset
Céline Dumerc

Writers

Military

Birthplace of Ferdinand Foch

Musicians and singers

Painters and sculptors

Filmmakers and actors

Industrialists, traders and benefactors

Others

Tarbes in the arts, literature and media

International relations

Tarbes is twinned with:

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ At the beginning of the 21st century, the terms of census have been amended by Act No. 2002-276 of 27 February 2002, called "grassroots democracy law" on the democracy of proximity and in particular Title V "of census operations", in order, after a power transition period from 2004 to 2008, the annual publication of the legal population of the different French administrative districts. For municipalities with populations greater than 10,000 inhabitants, a sample survey is carried out annually, the entire territory of these municipalities is included at the end of the same period of five years. The first post-legal population from 1999, and fitting in the new system which came into force on 1 January 2009, is the census of 2006.
  2. ↑ In the census table, by Wikipedia convention, the principle was retained for subsequent legal populations since 1999 not to display the census populations in the table corresponding to the year 2006, the first published legal population calculated according to the concepts defined in Decree No. 2003-485 of 5 June 2003, and the years corresponding to an exhaustive census survey for municipalities with less than 10,000 inhabitants, and the years 2006, 2011, 2016, etc. For municipalities with more than 10,000, the latest legal population is published by INSEE for all municipalities.

References

  1. ↑ The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites:Turba
  2. ↑ "Données climatiques de la station de Tarbes" (in French). Meteo France. Retrieved January 8, 2016.
  3. ↑ "Climat Midi-Pyrénées" (in French). Meteo France. Retrieved January 8, 2016.
  4. ↑ "Normes et records 1961-1990: Tarbes - Ossun - Lourdes (65) - altitude 360m" (in French). Infoclimat. Retrieved January 8, 2016.
  5. ↑ "Tarbes.fr".
  6. ↑ "Site des Marchés de Pays des Hautes-Pyrénées".
  7. ↑ "Des innovations technologiques avec le télescope Herschel: le miroir". Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives. 16 March 2009.
  8. ↑ "Formation Recherche". Grand Tarbes.
  9. ↑ "Une Desserte Privilégiée". Grand Tarbes.
  10. 1 2 "Destinations-Vols". Retrieved 16 May 2015.
  11. ↑ "Une desserte privilégiée". Grand Tarbes.
  12. ↑ "Bus Alezan".
  13. ↑ "Vél'en Ville". Mairie de Tarbes.
  14. ↑ "Tarbes" [Tarbes] (in French). Retrieved 15 May 2015.
  15. ↑ "65440-Tarbes 2006" [65440-Tarbes 2006] (in French). Retrieved 15 May 2015. and "65440-Tarbes 2012" [65440-Tarbes 2012] (in French). Retrieved 15 May 2015.
  16. ↑ "Office du Tourisme de la Ville de Tarbes".
  17. ↑ "Le théâtre à l'italienne tarbais". mairie de Tarbes.
  18. ↑ "Patrimoines.midipyrenees.fr".
  19. ↑ "Les fontaines de la place Marcadieu". Pyrenees-pireneus.com.
  20. ↑ "Tarbes.com". Office du Tourisme de la ville de Tarbes.
  21. ↑ "Tarbes-Info.com".
  22. ↑ "Tarbes. Un bowling et des commerces sur l'ancien site de GIAT - Hautes-Pyrénées". LaDépêche.fr.
  23. ↑ "giat tarbes vivra".
  24. ↑ Article de La Dépêche
  25. ↑ Saint-Vincent-de-Paul, site du Centre Généalogique des Landes
  26. ↑ "Flickr".
  27. ↑ Site de l'Office de Tourisme de la ville de Tarbes
  28. ↑ L'église Saint Thérèse : une histoire tourmentée, Pyrenees-pireneus.com
  29. ↑ La communauté des franciscains conventuels, Franciscains-conventuels.fr
  30. ↑ "Tarbes. Le conservatoire Henri-Duparc s'étend à la chapelle". La Dépêche.
  31. ↑ "Tarbes ville fleurie en toutes saisons". Archived from the original on 4 October 2008.
  32. ↑ "Services Espaces Vers de Tarbes".
  33. ↑ "Parc Bel Air". Archived from the original on 10 March 2009.
  34. ↑ "LE PARC DE L'ECHEZ". Archived from the original on 5 May 2009.
  35. ↑ "Grand Tarbes".
  36. ↑ "Pau : le dernier disquaire ferme ses portes" [Pau: The last record store closes its doors] (in French). Retrieved 16 May 2015.
  37. 1 2 "Liste des installations et des clubs sportifs". Archived from the original on 8 March 2010.
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