The Cichlid Room Companion

The Cichlid Room Companion (CRC), and its sister web site The Freshwater Fishes of Mexico (FFM),[1] are non-scientific[2][3] in the sense of non-peer-reviewed, membership-based webpages, dedicated to the fishes of the Cichlid family and the freshwater fishes of Mexico respectively. The site offers one of the most comprehensive, non-authoritative, but —regrettably— outdated (see criticism section below) catalogues of cichlids in the web, which is illustrated with more than 13.655 photographs and 243 videos[4] of cichlids and their habitats. It also “offers access to information about 124 full genera and 825 full species profiles”, a discussion forum,[5] as well as various articles about fishkeeping, field accounts and collecting expeditions; mostly written by citizen scientists, personalities of the fish trade, researchers and aquarists in the cichlid hobby. The site is administered by its creator and editor, Juan Miguel Artigas-Azas, a naturalist, whom is also an aquarist[6] and a notorious nature photographer. He is also the “curator” of most of the fish summaries that appear in the profiles of both sites. In 2008, the American Cichlid Association (ACA) awarded Artigas-Azas the Guy Jordan Retrospective Award, which is the maximum honor that association gives to people who have done extensive contributions to the International Cichlid Hobby.[6]

According to FreeWebsiteReport.org, the CRC has been in business since 05-Sep-1996. As of November, 2014, it received 1.019 daily page views. The page is most popular in the United States, with 47.3% of its users from that country. It has an Alexa World Rank #1,079,009 and Google Pagerank 4/10.[7]

Contributions to public understanding of Science

In the past decade, the Internet has fundamentally transformed the relationships between the scientific community and society as a whole, as the boundaries between public and private, professionals and hobbyists fade away; allowing for a wider range of participants to engage with science in unprecedented ways.[8] The educational and citizens science task of the CRC has been acknowledged in the formal scientific literature, both as source of data, information and awareness among fish hobbyists about topics like the threat of releases of invasive species from domestic aquaria, as well as promoting ethical behavior in the fish hobby.[9] Furthermore, while for the most part, the CRC is a popular resource, a number of articles in it have some academic value, and have been cited as primary sources in the scholarly literature.[2][10][11]

Recognitions and awards

Over the years, the CRC has received several recognitions. On January 5, 1999, it was recognized by the Project Cool Home Page as inspirational, for its effective use of the web as a medium that in some ways shows off the web's potential. Furthermore, on January 10, 2010, “TheReefTank” awarded the CRC with the “Recommended Reading” recognition. The CRC has also been awarded “the Cichlid Mania Site of the Week” by Mike Hanlon’s Cichlid mania home page, among other recognitions.

Criticism

Biological systematics is a scientific discipline, which requires scientific training. It is often professed in the scientific community that reliable contention of scientific papers is restricted to scientific publications, that are backed up with scientific facts.[12] "Hobby publications are non-scientific literature", and the scholarly use or discussion of names and other nomenclatural acts "dropped in hobby is entirely questionable".[2][12] Hobby articles, both printed and electronic, are usually published on the approval of the editors, whereas in a scientific journal, by contrast, all articles are peer reviewed.[13][14][15] Moreover, in the case of the CRC, the site is not edited by a person educated in systematics or with an advanced degree in ichthyology or a related field.[16] As of January, 2015, the catalogue section in the CRC and the FFM displayed a disclaimer[17][18] stating that they are "not to be considered as published in the sense of the Code, and statements made therein are not made available for nomenclatural purposes". Even so, the site has been criticized for censoring taxonomic information based on its editor’s arbitrary, personal, subjective views (e.g. the synonymy of Paraneetroplus and Vieja sensu McMahan et al. 2010 (prior to 2015);[19] the validity of Maylandia Meyer & Foerster 1984 vs its junior synonym Metriaclima Stauffer, J. R., Jr. and K. A. Kellogg 2002;[20] the split of genus Nosferatu De la Maza-Benignos, et al. 2014[21] from Herichthys,;[20][22] or the recent review of the taxonomy and systematics of the herichthyns;[23][24][25] among others), on the basis of an anticonventional argument that official, in the sense of the Code, nomenclatural acts[26] are not “mandatory” (see editor’s comments[27][28][29][30]). The site fails to substantiate and scrutinize the taxonomic criteria which it applies,[31] giving nowhere within its pages an explanation of the methods, systematic principles used, or the followed taxonomic authority (e.g. W. N. Eschmeyer’ s Catalog of fishes; Catalogue of Life; The Zoological Record; FishBase; Joseph S, Nelson’s Fishes of the world, etc.). As an example, FFM does not acknowledge family groups Fundulidae and Profundulidae to mention two.[32]

Science relies on evidence

Beliefs are not science and are not a substitute for science or the scientific method. The reiterated misuse of words of estimative probability like “very likely” and “most likely”; as in X species is most likely a junior synonym of Y species…; without providing any formal bibliographic support and/or scientific evidence conveys deceitful arguments (i.e. a statistical misrepresentation) that mislead the audience about the scientific nature of such claim.


Onus probandi: Moreover, and contrary to the general legal principle, affirmanti incumbit probation (the burden of proof is upon him who affirms), the site applies an “uncertain” category to a number of taxa depicted; an incorrect, misleading, arbitrary, begrudging and non-scholarly status in the sense of the Code, which is repeatedly used throughout. As an example see, Taxa described by Manfred Meyer, Ulrike Strecker, Mauricio de la Maza Benignos, and Juan Jacobo Schmitter soto, among many others.

References

  1. ↑ Juan Miguel Artigas Azas. "Main Index - The Freshwater Fishes of Mexico". mexfish.info.
  2. 1 2 3 Kullander, Sven O. "Nomenclatural availability of putative scientific generic names applied to the South American cichlid fish Apistogramma ramirezi Myers & Harry, 1948 (Teleostei: Cichlidae). 2011. Zootaxa 3131: 35-51.
  3. ↑ 18 Midgley, D. (N/D) New cichlid names. Sydney Cichlid Aquarium Pages. http://www.sydneycichlid.com/cichlid-names.htm visited on the 10 of December, 2014.
  4. ↑ Why subscribe to the Cichlid Room Companion? (2015) The Cichlid Room Companion. http://www.cichlidae.com/membership.php visited 01/19/2014
  5. ↑ Cichlid Room Companion, Discussion Forum, http://www.cichlidae.com/forum/viewforum.php?f=29
  6. 1 2 ACA Club Speaker Juan Miguel Artigas Azas (2013) American Cichlid Association. http://www.cichlid.org/phpbb3/19/19208
  7. ↑ http://www.freewebsitereport.org/www.cichlidae.com
  8. ↑ Grand, A., Wilkinson, C., Bultitude, K., & Winfield, A. F. (2014). Mapping the hinterland: Data issues in open science. Public Understanding of Science, 0963662514530374
  9. ↑ Maceda‐Veiga, A., Domínguez‐Domínguez, O., Escribano‐Alacid, J., & Lyons, J. (2014). The aquarium hobby: can sinners become saints in freshwater fish conservation?. Fish and Fisheries
  10. ↑ Oldfield, R. G., Mandrekar, K., Nieves, M. X., Hendrickson, D. A., Chakrabarty, P., Swanson, B. O., & Hofmann, H. A. Parental care in the Cuatro Ciénegas cichlid, Herichthys minckleyi (Teleostei: Cichlidae). Hydrobiologia, 1-25
  11. ↑ De La Maza-Benignos, M., & Lozano-Vilano, M. L. (2013). Description of three new species of the genus Herichthys (Perciformes: Cichlidae) from eastern Mexico, with redescription of H. labridens, H. steindachneri, and H. pantostictus. Zootaxa, 3734(2), 101-129.
  12. 1 2 Kullander, Sven O. "How embarrassing can it get? Or: Taxonomy undermined." 2012. TAPROBANICA: The Journal of Asian Biodiversity 4.1: 1-4.
  13. ↑ Colorado State University. 2015. Popular Magazines vs. Trade Magazines vs. Scholarly Journals. Colorado State University Library. http://lib.colostate.edu/howto/poplr.html
  14. ↑ Yale. 2015. Scholarly vs. Popular Sources. Yale College Writing Center. http://writing.yalecollege.yale.edu/advice-students/using-sources/scholarly-vs-popular-sources
  15. ↑ Midgley, D. (N/D) New cichlid names. Sydney Cichlid Aquarium Pages. http://www.sydneycichlid.com/cichlid-names.htm visited on the 10 of December, 2014.
  16. ↑ Artigas Azas, J.M. (N/D). Curriculum. http://www.juanartigas.org/?page_id=44 visited on the 15 of December, 2014.
  17. ↑ Heymann, L. A. (2010). Reading the Product: Warnings, Disclaimers, and Literary Theory. Yale Journal of Law & the Humanities, 22, 393-415.
  18. ↑ "Spare us the e-mail yada-yada", The Economist, April 9, 2011: 73 http://www.economist.com/node/18529895
  19. ↑ McMahan, C. D., Geheber, A. D., & Piller, K. R. (2010). Molecular systematics of the enigmatic middle American genus Vieja (Teleostei: Cichlidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 57(3), 1293-1300.
  20. 1 2 Eschmeyer, W. N. (ed). CATALOG OF FISHES: GENERA, SPECIES, REFERENCES. (http://research.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp). Electronic version accessed 01-03-2015.
  21. ↑ De la Maza-Benignos, M., Ornelas-García, C. P., Lozano-Vilano, M.d.L., García-Ramírez, M.E. & Doadrio, I. (2015). "Phylogeographic analysis of genus Herichthys (Perciformes: Cichlidae), with descriptions of Nosferatu new genus and H. tepehua n. sp.". Hydrobiologia, 748 (1): 201–231.
  22. ↑ Bailly, N. (2014). Nosferatu De la Maza-Benignos, Ornelas-Garcia, Lozano-Vilanio, García-Ramírez et al., 2014. In: Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. (2014) FishBase. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=826871 on 2015-03-01
  23. ↑ Mcmahan, C. D., Matamoros, W. A., Piller, K. R., & Chakrabarty, P. (2015). Taxonomy and systematics of the herichthyins (Cichlidae: Tribe Heroini), with the description of eight new Middle American Genera. Zootaxa, 3999(2), 211-234.https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Prosanta_Chakrabarty/publication/280836057_Taxonomy_and_systematics_of_the_herichthyins_%28Cichlidae_Tribe_Heroini%29_with_the_description_of_eight_new_Middle_American_Genera/links/55c8a45508aebc967df8f93c.pdf
  24. ↑ Seriously Fish. 2015. Major Changes in New World Cichlid Taxonomy. http://www.seriouslyfish.com/major-changes-in-new-world-cichlid-taxonomy/
  25. ↑ Practical Fish Keeping. 2015. Huge shake-up in Cichlid taxonomy. http://www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk/content.php?sid=6845
  26. ↑ Minelli A. (2005). Publications in Taxonomy as Scientific Papers and Legal Documents. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. Vol. 56, Supplement I, No. 20, pp. 225–231. http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/scipubs/pdfs/v56/proccas_v56_n20_SuppI.pdf
  27. ↑ Microgeophagus Frey, 1957, is a valid genus http://www.cichlidae.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=17&t=11223&p=67137&hilit=Juan#p67137
  28. ↑ Remarks on Benthochromis species http://www.cichlidae.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=17&t=17101&start=40
  29. ↑ Question on nomenclature http://www.cichlidae.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=17&t=17775
  30. ↑ New genus Nosferatu http://www.cichlidae.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=17&t=17504
  31. ↑ What clade should be named? (2006) The Cichlid Room Companion. http://www.cichlidae.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=17&t=16651&p=78955&hilit visited 01/19/2014
  32. ↑ Fish catalogue (2015) Freshwater Fishes of Mexico. http://www.mexfish.info/index_catalog.php Visited 12/10/2014
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