The Ocean Cleanup

The Ocean Cleanup

Formation	2013 Delft, Netherlands
Type	Stichting
Purpose	Cleaning the oceans
Headquarters	Delft, Netherlands
CEO	Boyan Slat
Staff	25+[1]
Volunteers	100+[1]
Website	www.theoceancleanup.com

The Ocean Cleanup is a foundation that develops technologies to extract plastic pollution from the oceans and prevent more plastic debris from entering ocean waters. The organization was founded in 2013 by Boyan Slat, a Dutch inventor-entrepreneur who serves as its CEO, and has received over $2.2 million in crowdfunding^[2] and financial contributions from large sponsors including Salesforce.com chief executive Marc Benioff.^[3] The foundation’s headquarters are in Delft, the Netherlands.

Technology

The removal of plastic debris on the open seas is still in its infancy. Some initiatives, such as Project Kaisei, have used ships with nets to catch plastics, primarily for research purposes. The Ocean Cleanup proposes a larger-scale, passive method of removing marine debris in or near the ocean gyres by means of 100-kilometre (62 mi) long networks of floating barriers, anchored to the ocean floor. These V-shaped barrier networks are designed to interact with natural ocean currents, funneling plastic debris towards a central point where the plastic can be extracted by a platform and stored for transportation and recycling.^[4][5] The Ocean Cleanup calls this barrier technology the Ocean Cleanup Array.^[6]

Notable projects

Mega Expedition

Through a series of oceanic expeditions, The Ocean Cleanup is researching the total mass and the distribution of plastic debris in the oceans, as well as technically and economically feasible ocean plastic recycling methods, technologies and equipment. In August 2015, it conducted its so-called Mega Expedition, in which a fleet of approximately 30 vessels crossed the Great Pacific garbage patch using manta trawls and carrying out aerial surveys to measure the concentration, spatial and size distribution of plastic there.^[7] Researchers aboard mothership R/V Ocean Starr reported sighting of much more large-sized plastic debris in the Great Pacific Ocean gyre than expected.^[8] According to The Ocean Cleanup website, this expedition was conducted in preparation for a large-scale cleanup of the Great Pacific garbage patch, which it intends to start in 2020.^[9]

Pilot program

In a series of pilot tests, successive scale model deployments of increasing sizes will be installed in increasingly challenging oceanic locations. The plans include a coastal pilot to be started in 2016 using a 2,000-metre (6,600 ft) scale model cleanup array in the Tsushima Strait, off the Japanese coast.^[10] According to Slat, The Ocean Cleanup performed controlled environment tests in 2015.^[11] The model went through it's first test in the North Sea, just off the coast of the Netherlands in the summer of 2016.

Survey mobile application

In the later half of 2015, The Ocean Cleanup launched an iOS and Android application, the Visual Survey, which enables anyone on a boat on the ocean to contribute data. The app times a 30-minute observation session and during which observers log the debris they see. This replaces paper surveys and the data will be shared with other scientists in addition to assisting The Ocean Cleanup in making decisions.

Critics

Several criticisms and doubts about method, feasibility, efficiency and return on investment have been raised in the scientific community about the Ocean Cleanup Array.

• The Ocean Cleanup did not produce a thorough Environmental Impact Report and did not examine alternatives.^[12]
• 92% of plastic in the ocean is smaller than micro-plastic and cannot be caught by this system ^[13]
• The ocean sea surface is not the final resting place. Researchers have now found microplastic and synthetic fibers frozen into ice cores, abundant on the sea floor, and on every beach worldwide. Along the way it passes through the bodies of billions of organisms.^[14]
• Taking the system upstream would capture more plastic before it degrades and impacts marine life, and more than likely at less cost than the Net Array.^[12]
• Discouraging plastics consumption would be more effective long-term, and The Ocean Cleanup's strategy will instead enable environmentally harmful consumption patterns.^[5]

Awards and recognition

The Ocean Cleanup and iSlat have won numerous distinctions. The United Nations Environment Programme awarded Slat with the Champion of the Earth in 2014,^[15] and he was previously recognized as one of the 20 Most Promising Young Entrepreneurs Worldwide by Intel EYE50.^[16] In 2015, Harald V of Norway awarded Slat the maritime industry's Young Entrepreneur Award and The Ocean Cleanup Array was named as a London Design Museum Design of the Year.^[17][18] Also in 2015, the Ocean Cleanup Array won the INDEX: Award in 2015^[19][20] and the 2015 Fast Company Innovation By Design Award in the category Social Good.^[21] Foreign Policy recognized Slat as one of the 100 Global Thinkers of 2015.^[22]

References

1. About The Ocean Cleanup, Theoceancleanup.com retrieved Oct.29th 2015.
2. INDEX: Design Award Aims to Solve the World’s Problems, a Few at a Time, NYtimes.com retrieved October 29, 2015.
3. Researchers sample enormous oceanic trash vortex ahead of clean-up proposal, Reuters.com retrieved October 28, 2015.
4. Could A 62-Mile Floating Wall Clean Up the Ocean?, Citylab.com retrieved October 28, 2015.
5. Mark Noack, "Ocean Cleanup targets garbage vortex", Mountain View Voice, October 7, 2016, pp. 5–6.
6. The Technology, Theoceancleanup.com retrieved October 28, 2015.
7. Mega Expedition, Theoceancleanup.com.
8. Garbage ‘patch’ is much worse than believed, entrepreneur says, SFgate.com retrieved October 29, 2015.
9. The Ocean Cleanup prepares for 2020 Pacific cleanup, successfully completes Mega Expedition reconnaissance mission, Theoceancleanup.com retrieved October 29, 2015
10. Boyan Slat to Deploy 'Longest Floating Structure in World History' to Clean Ocean Plastic, Ecowatch.com retrieved October 29, 2015.
11. The Largest Ocean Cleanup In History – Boyan Slat | SDF2015, YouTube.com retrieved October 29, 2015.
12. "Why the Ocean Clean Up Project Won't Save Our Seas". Retrieved August 28, 2016.
13. Eriksen, Marcus; Lebreton, Laurent C. M.; Carson, Henry S.; Thiel, Martin; Moore, Charles J.; Borerro, Jose C.; Galgani, Francois; Ryan, Peter G.; Reisser, Julia (2014-12-10). "Plastic Pollution in the World's Oceans: More than 5 Trillion Plastic Pieces Weighing over 250,000 Tons Afloat at Sea". PLOS ONE. 9 (12): e111913. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0111913. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4262196. PMID 25494041.
14. Cózar, Andrés; Echevarría, Fidel; González-Gordillo, J. Ignacio; Irigoien, Xabier; Úbeda, Bárbara; Hernández-León, Santiago; Palma, Álvaro T.; Navarro, Sandra; García-de-Lomas, Juan (2014-07-15). "Plastic debris in the open ocean". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 111 (28): 10239–10244. doi:10.1073/pnas.1314705111. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4104848. PMID 24982135.
15. Boyan Slat Founder – The Ocean Cleanup 2014 Champion of the Earth INSPIRATION AND ACTION, web.unep.org retrieved October 29, 2015
16. C2-MTL AND INTEL REVEAL TOP 20 FINALISTS, C2Montreal.com retrieved October 29, 2015
17. Winners announced for three Nor-Shipping 2015 Awards Mynewsdesk.com retrieved October 29, 2015
18. Designs of the Year 2015, Designmuseum.org retrieved October 29, 2015
19. dutch student boyan slat wins 2015 INDEX: award for ocean cleanup array, Designboom.com retrieved Oct.29th 2015
20. Post (27 August 2015). "Ocean cleaner wins top Danish design award". GlobalPost.com. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
21. The 2015 Innovation By Design Awards Winners: Social Good Fastcodesign.com retrieved November 17, 2015
22. "The Leading Global Thinkers of 2015". Foreign Policy. Retrieved December 8, 2015.