Three Whales Corruption Scandal

The Three Whales Corruption Scandal is a major corruption scandal in Russia involving several furniture companies and federal government bodies which has unfolded since 2000.

2000 smuggling investigation

Three Whales (Tri kita) is a Moscow furniture shopping complex owned by Sergei Zuev. On August 13, 2000, Russian Customs inspectors suspended it and seized a furniture consignment supplied by the companies Bastion and Liga Mars, as they allegedly had smuggled 400 tons of furniture into Russia, while Zuev had not paid $5 million of Customs duty by falsifying the price and weight of imported goods. On October 20, 2000, Captain Pavel Zaitsev filed a criminal case against Liga Mars initiated on September 7 by the Moscow Oblast Directorate of Internal Affairs.[1][2]

The Customs inspectors revealed that the Three Whales shop was controlled by Yevgeny Zaostrovtsev, a former chief of now FSB Director Nikolai Patrushev and the father of FSB General Yury Zaostrovtsev which at that time was the Head of the Economic Security Department and a Deputy Director of FSB.[3][4]

Prosecutor General's Office reaction

In November 2000, the Prosecutor General's Office under Vladimir Ustinov halted the investigation and confiscated files related to the case. In December 2000 it charged Captain Pavel Zaitsev with abuse of office and claimed that he allegedly had conducted 12 searches without a prosecutor sanction and had illegally detained two suspects. On September 5, 2002, the Moscow City Court found Zaitsev not guilty on the charges. Later the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation cancelled this decision, and on November 3, 2003 Pavel Zaitsev was sentenced by a Moscow court for two years on probation.[1][5][6] Olga Kudeshkina, a judge that took part in the trial, on December 1, 2003, said she was pressured to convict him, but refused to do so. In 2004, Kudeshkina lost her job.[7][8][9]

On May 7, 2001, First Deputy Prosecutor General Yury Biryukov citing lack of evidence signed a directive stopping the smuggling investigation.[5][10]

In Autumn 2001 the Prosecutor General's Office also accused Chief of the Customs Investigation Directorate Marat Fayzulin and Chief of the Customs Inspection Alexander Volkov with abuse of office and extortion of money from Sergei Zuev and an associate of him.[11] but on June 4, 2003 a Moscow court acquitted them.[1][12][13][14]

On October 15, 2001, at a press conference the State Customs Committee claimed that it had discovered a smuggling network allegedly organized by Sergei Zuev. Customs officially charged him with custom duty evasion.[1]

This situation as a whole was widely considered as an episode of the struggle between Boris Yeltsin's "Family" represented by the State Customs Committee chairman Mikhail Vanin, a close ally of Alexander Voloshin and Roman Abramovich, and security services personnel group, known as siloviki. Vanin has apparently lost the battle, as he left his position in March 2004 during the government reshuffle initiated by Vladimir Putin, when the Customs Committee was included into the Economy Ministry of Russia.[15][16]

Parliamentary commission

Two deputies of the State Duma and members of the State Duma Security Committee, Yury Shchekochikhin, a journalist, and Alexander Gurov, Lieutenant General of Interior Affairs, launched a parliamentary inquiry into the case, approved by the State Duma on March 13, 2002.[17][18][19][20][21] Prosecutor General's Office rejected all the accusations of corruption, claiming that the investigation was closed for legitimate reasons. In April 2002 Shchekochikhin, Gurov, and Nikolay Kovalyov, another State Duma deputy and a former FSB head, asked Vladimir Putin to intervene. At last, the inquiry forced Prosecutor General's Office to resume investigation of the smuggling. A prosecutor from Leningrad Oblast, Vladimir Loskutov, was chosen by President Vladimir Putin personally to lead the investigation of this affair.[1][5]

Earlier that year on February 18, 2002, in Novaya Gazeta Shchekochikhin published a detailed article on the smuggling affair and corrupting officials in the Interior Ministry and the Prosecutor-General's Office.[22][23] Immediately after this he received a death threat[24][25][26] On June 2, 2003, in that newspaper he published another article where he accused Prosecutor's General Office and Biryukov personally in corruption:[27]

See also Yury Shchekochikhin

Possible victims

Mr. Vorobiov, Head of Central Operative Customs, who initiated criminal case 27400-22/2000 after finding out about the fictitious Liga Mars company, was assaulted in February 2002.[28]

A logistic manager for the stores Grand and Three Whales, Mr. Polyakov, was attacked two weeks later.[28]

One day later, an investigator for the Russian Customs Committee captain Yuhimenko who followed a lead received a head trauma.[28] On the same day the car of Moscow region's Interior Ministry investigator Ms. Nenahova was bombed. Ms. Nenahova worked on the case 12707 against Liga Mars employees.[28] Investigator Pavel Zaitsev and his family received numerous threats throughout the year.[28]

On May 27, 2003, Mikhail Pereverzev, the president of the Furniture Importers Association and a key witness in the affair, was shot dead in a hospital.[29]

On July 3, 2003, Yury Shchekochikhin died a few days after he had been hospitalized, according to the Russian officials, from a suddenly developed allergy of unknown origin, but his relatives were denied an official medical report about the cause of his illness, and were forbidden to take specimens of his tissues to conduct an independent medical investigation. The possibility that he could have been poisoned is widely considered.[30] Shchekochikhin's colleague in the Duma, Aleksandr Gurov, was never asked to witness, according to Novaya Gazeta's chief editor Dmitry Muratov.[31]

Also in 2003, Andrey Saenko, another key witness, was severely injured as a result of an assassination attempt.[28][32][33]

Customs investigators Mikhail Vanin and Colonel General Boris Gutin lost their jobs in 2004.[30]

2006 arrests and government bodies reshuffle

The dismissal of Alexander Zherikhov, head of the Federal Custom Service, as well as some other FSB, Interior Ministry and Prosecutor General's Office officials in May 2006 is linked by many to the Three Whales scandal.[1] On June 2, 2006 Prosecutor General of Russia Vladimir Ustinov, who had been in the office since 1999, resigned and became Justice Minister of Russia later that month. A major corruption scandal has unfolded unexpectedly and almost out of public sight. On June 14 Prosecutor General's Office under acting Prosecutor General Yury Chaika reported that it had reopened the furniture contraband investigation going back to 2000 and arrested Sergey Zuev, owner of the Three Whales and Grand furniture retail centers, Andrey Latushkin, Director General of the parent company Alliance-96, Andrey Saenko and two smugglers, Pavel Podsotsky and his wife Irina Podsotskaya, Moscow representatives of a Latvian firm, were arrested for smuggling and custom duty evasion.[4][7][34][35][16][36][37][38][39][40] Later Yekaterina Leladze, Anatoly Melnichuk, founder of Liga Mars, Valery Belyakov and Pavel Polyakov (by default) were also charged.[41][42][43] The businesspeople were charged with grand smuggling by an organized group, exceptionally grand custom duty evasion and grand legalization of smuggled goods by an organized group (art.188 part 4, art. 194 part 2, art. 174 part 3 of the Russian Criminal Code).[44][45][46][47][48]

On June 15, in Shanghai, President Vladimir Putin told journalists that he had asked Vladimir Loskutov, a prosecutor from Leningrad Oblast and a former classmate of his, to take on the case, as the President couldn't trust the Moscow offices of law-enforcement agencies.[5]

On July 7 First deputy Prosecutor General Yury Buiryukov resigned. On September 13, 2006, the Prosecutor General's Office under Yury Chaika announced that it had attained the dismissals of 19 unnamed high-rank state employees involved in the furniture smuggling cases as well as illegal imports of consumer goods from China, although unlike employees of furniture companies, no official has ever been charged with this. Mass media revealed that the officials dismissed around that time had worked in the Moscow and federal offices of FSB,[49] Prosecutor General's Office,[50] Moscow Regional Prosecutor's Office, Federal Customs Service and Presidential Executive Office. Deputy heads of the FSB Internal Security Department also figured in the report authored by Viktor Cherkesov. The purge has occurred while FSB head Nikolai Patrushev was on vacations.[5][51][52][53][54] Vladimir Vdovin, Deputy Chairman of the Russian Federal Property Fund, has also resigned after 12 years in office on September 19, 2006, officially because of a change of job, but it was rumored that his dismissal was linked to the Three Whales case.[51]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Ъ-Газета – Кит и меч". Kommersant.ru. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
  2. ↑ анпхя пегмхй. "Мю "Рпеу Йхрюу". Онянамхйх Йнппсожхнмепнб Он "Леаекэмнлс Декс" Он-Опефмелс Бепьюр Ясдэаш Кчдеи – Мнбше Хгбеярхъ". Newizv.ru. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
  3. ↑ http://www.nupi.no/cgi-win/Russland/krono.exe?4954
  4. 1 2 Иван Сас (June 15, 2006). "Новые аресты по делу о контрабанде мебели в ТЦ 'Три кита' и 'Гранд'". Ng.ru. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 http://rfe.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2006/09/33cc2719-2ad5-4a45-a326-72828b9baf64.html
  6. ↑ Александр Андрущенко (June 21, 2006). ""Три кита" смутили главу ВС". Ng.ru. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
  7. 1 2 "Acting Prosecutor General Comes In Handy for Furniture – Kommersant Moscow". Kommersant.com. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
  8. ↑ "Ъ-Газета – Совет судей Москвы пошел в Страсбург". Kommersant.ru. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
  9. ↑ "Ъ-Газета – Мантия преследования". Kommersant.ru. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
  10. ↑ http://2006.novayagazeta.ru/nomer/2006/45n/n45n-s00.shtml
  11. ↑
  12. ↑
  13. ↑ Фото: Василия Шапошникова. "Ъ-Газета – Таможня устояла на "Трех китах"". Kommersant.ru. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
  14. ↑ "Б Пняяхх: Ясд Нопюбдюк Янрпсдмхйнб Црй, Опнундхбьху Он Декс "Рпеу Йхрнб"". Lenta.ru. March 21, 2002. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
  15. ↑ "Customs Policy – Kommersant Moscow". Kommersant.com. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
  16. 1 2 "The St. Petersburg Times | The leading English-language newspaper in St. Petersburg – New Siloviki Customs". Sptimes.ru. June 27, 2006. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
  17. ↑
  18. ↑ "ПОЛИТ.РУ: Глава думского комитета по безопасности предлагает передать Совету безопасности контроль над всей правоохранительной системой". Polit.ru. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
  19. ↑ Сергей Петров (March 15, 2002). "Таможня должна заняться прокуратурой!". Ng.ru. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
  20. ↑ "Три кита на одного Зайцева". Rg.ru. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
  21. ↑
  22. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20051215000130/http://2002.novayagazeta.ru/nomer/2002/12n/n12n-s07.shtml. Archived from the original on December 15, 2005. Retrieved February 4, 2007. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  23. ↑
  24. ↑ "Russia Report: July 16, 2003". Rferl.org. July 16, 2003. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
  25. ↑ "JRL #6089 – Foreign Languages, Homeless Kids, Nuclear Materials, Novaya Gazeta, Khakamada, TV6, Felgenhauer, Yanov, Anthem, Potanin, Economic Stats, Afghanistan, Iran, Legal Reform, ORT Review". Cdi.org. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
  26. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20061017111332/http://www.jamestown.org/publications_details.php?volume_id=25&issue_id=2201&article_id=19181. Archived from the original on October 17, 2006. Retrieved February 4, 2007. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  27. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20070202004652/http://2003.novayagazeta.ru/nomer/2003/39n/n39n-s00.shtml. Archived from the original on February 2, 2007. Retrieved February 4, 2007. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  28. 1 2 3 4 5 6 ГНУТЫЕ СПИНКИ: В деле «Трех китов» и «Гранда» замешано больше персон, чем арестовано, Roman Shleinov, Novaya Gazeta, № 45, June 19, 2006
  29. ↑ Кровь на гарнитуре, Valery Chalikov, Victor Paukov, Yekaterina Sashenko, Vremya Novostey, May 29, 2003
  30. 1 2 Russia: Corruption Scandal Could Shake Kremlin, Victor Yasmann, Radio Liberty, September 26, 2006
  31. ↑ Незакрытая смерть, interviews with Dmitry Muratov, Valeria Novodvorskaya, Andrey Soldatov, Svetlana Sorokina, Aleksey Simonov, Grani.ru, July 3, 2009
  32. ↑ На «трёх китах», Boris Reznik, Novye Izvestiya, July 18, 2006
  33. ↑ ТВС: убит основной свидетель по делу «трех китов», TVS, May 28, 2003
  34. ↑ http://www.kommersant.ru/k-vlast/get_page.asp?page_id=20062426-6.HTM
  35. ↑ "Юпеярнбюмш Онднгпебюелше Б Йнмрпюаюмде Леаекх Дкъ Рж "Цпюмд" Х "Рпх Йхрю" – Бкюдхлхп Тедняемйн – "Йпхлхмюкэмюъ Леаекэ" – Пняяхияйюъ Цюгерю – Б Япедс Ясд, Он Ундюрюиярбс Цемопнйспюрспш, Бшдюк Яюмйжхч Мю Юпеяр Оърепшу Онднгпебюелшу Б Йнмрпюаюмде Леаекх Дкъ Рнпцнбшу Жемрпнб "Цпюмд" Х "Рпх Йхрю". Опедярюбхрекэ Опнйспюрспш Онъямхк, Врн Дкхрекэмше Япнйх Пюяякеднбюмхъ Сцнкнбмнцн Декю Н Йнмрпюаюмдмшу Онярюбйюу Леаекх Ашкх Ябъгюмш Я Онйпнбхрекэярбнл Онднгпебюелшу Днкфмнярмшлх Кхжюлх Б Опюбннупюмхрекэмшу Нпцюмюу, Б Оепбсч Нвепедэ Б Рюлнфеммнл Йнлхрере. Он Ецн Якнбюл, Б Унде Пюяякеднбюмхъ Декю Ашкх Мендмнйпюрмше Оношрйх Ондйсою Якеднбюрекъ". Rg.ru. June 15, 2006. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
  36. ↑ "Б Пняяхх: Юпеярнбюм Псйнбндхрекэ Рнпцнбшу Жемрпнб "Цпюмд" Х "Рпх Йхрю"". Lenta.ru. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
  37. ↑ "Московские новости". Mn.ru. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
  38. ↑ "Беярх Медекх : "Рпх Йхрю" Бмнбэ Бяокшбючр". Vesti7.ru. June 18, 2006. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
  39. ↑ http://genproc.gov.ru/ru/news/index.shtml?id=4064. Retrieved February 4, 2007. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  40. ↑ Длхрпхи Рнлхкнб (June 15, 2006). "Б Пняяхх: "Сапюкх Рнплнгю Х Мюфюкх Мю Цюг"". Lenta.ru. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
  41. ↑ "Ъ-Газета – "Три кита" зашились в собственном деле". Kommersant.ru. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
  42. ↑ "Ъ-Газета – По делу "Трех китов" созрело преступное сообщество". Kommersant.ru. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
  43. ↑ "Опеярсомнярэ: Б Деке "Рпеу Йхрнб" Онъбхкхяэ Рпне Мнбшу Набхмъелшу". Lenta.ru. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
  44. ↑ "Ъ-Новости – Уганда получила партию российских истребителей Су-30МК2". Kommersant.ru. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
  45. ↑ "Опеярсомнярэ: Лняцнпясд Нярюбхк Бкюдекэжю "Рпеу Йхрнб" Онд Ярпюфеи". Lenta.ru. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
  46. ↑ "Ъ-Газета – Контекст". Kommersant.ru. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
  47. ↑ "Опеярсомнярэ: Тхцспюмрюл Декю "Рпеу Йхрнб" Опедзъбър Мнбше Набхмемхъ". Lenta.ru. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
  48. ↑ "дЕКН "рПЕУ ЙХРНБ" АКХГХРЯЪ Й ПЮГБЪГЙЕ – юМДПЕИ ьЮПНБ – ""рПХ ЙХРЮ" АКХГЙХ Й ТХМХЬС" – пНЯЯХИЯЙЮЪ цЮГЕРЮ – "сФЕ Б ДЕЙЮАПЕ АСДЕР ГЮБЕПЬЕМ ЯЮЛШИ ЦПНЛЙХИ ОПНЖЕЯЯ Н ЙНМРПЮАЮМДЕ – ДЕКН "рПЕУ ЙХРНБ", – ГЮЪБХК ЦЕМЕПЮКЭМШИ ОПНЙСПНП чПХИ вЮИЙЮ. оН ЕЦН ЯКНБЮЛ, Б МЮЯРНЪЫЕЕ БПЕЛЪ ОН ДЕКС ОПНУНДЪР ДЕБЪРЭ ВЕКНБЕЙ, БНЯЕЛЭ ХГ МХУ ЮПЕЯРНБЮМШ. бЯЕ НМХ НАБХМЪЧРЯЪ Б ЙНМРПЮАЮМДМШУ ОНЯРЮБЙЮУ ЛЕАЕКХ Б РНПЦНБШЕ ЖЕМРПШ "цПЮМД" Х "рПХ ЙХРЮ" МЮ НАЫСЧ ЯСЛЛС 52 ЛХККХНМЮ ПСАКЕИ". Rg.ru. September 25, 2006. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
  49. ↑ Colonel General Sergei Shishin, former Head of the Internal Security Directorate of FSB and current Head of the FSB Activities Support Directorate, Colonel General Vladimir Anisimov, former Head of the Internal Security Directorate of FSB, Lieutenant General Alexander Kupryazhkin, current head of the Internal Security Directorate
  50. ↑ Prosecutors Dmitry Shokhin and Kamil Kashaev who had prosecuted YUKOS, head of the department for Investigations of Top Importance Cases Vladimir Lyseiko, oversight directorates heads Alexander Kizlyk and Vladimir Titov
  51. 1 2 "Property Fund's Confistated Goods Dealer Fired – Kommersant Moscow". Kommersant.com. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
  52. ↑ "Mass Dismissals at the FSB – Kommersant Moscow". Kommersant.com. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
  53. ↑ "Ъ-Газета – Прокуроры ЮКОСа остались без работы". Kommersant.ru. September 20, 2006. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
  54. ↑ Ольга Крыштановская (January 23, 2002). "Грани.Ру // Политика / Россия / Спецслужбы / Уволенные указом Путина генералы ФСБ продолжают работать". Grani.ru. Retrieved October 18, 2011.

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