Timeline of Aarhus

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Aarhus, Central Denmark Region, Denmark.

Viking Age

• 750-800 - Aarhus is founded by the northern shore of the Aarhus River.^[1]
• c. 900 - The first church, the Holy Trinity Church, is built during the reign of Frode, King of Jutland.^[2]
• c. 900 - Gorm the Old fortifies Aarhus with ramparts.^[3]
• 10th century - Harald Bluetooth strengthens and expands the ramparts.^[1]
• 948 - First mention of Aarhus as the bishop of Aarhus Reginbrand attends the Synod of Ingelheim.^[4][5]
• 988 - Diocese of Aarhus is dissolved.^[6]
• 1035–42 - Harthacnut coins money stamped with the original name of Aarhus: "AROS".^[6]
• 1043
  • Svend Estridsen gains support from Aros in war against Magnus the Good and a battle between the two are fought in the Bay of Aarhus.^[7]
  • Magnus the Good becomes ruler of Aarhus for a period and coins money inscribed "Magnus Konge, Lif-sig i Aros" in latin.^[7]
• 1050 - Harald Hardrada attacks Aarhus and burns the settlement including the Holy Trinity Church.^[8][9]
• 1060
  • Diocese of Aarhus is reestablished as Svend Estridsen divides the country in 8 bishopries.^[6]
  • Crypt church is constructed on the site of the former Holy Trinity Church and present day Church of Our Lady.^[1][10]

Middle Ages

• 1080 - The crypt church is expanded and dedicated to Saint Nicholas.^[11]
• 12th century
  • The bishopric begins collecting tithe.^[12]
  • The defensive ramparts are strengthened and a cobbled ring road built along it.^[13]
• 1134 - The bishop of Aarhus Ulkil is killed at the Battle of Fotevik in support of King Niels.^[13]
• 1180
  • Saint Nicholas Church mentioned as the first cathedral of Aarhus.^[11]
  • Niels of Aarhus dies and is buried in Aarhus.^[14]
• 1191 - Peder Vognsen is appointed bishop by King Canute VI.
• c. 1192 - Construction begins on Aarhus Cathedral on the burial site of Niels of Aarhus.
• 13th century - Valdemar II builds a grain mill at Aarhus River and hand grinders are made illegal.^[15][16]
• c. 1250 - Dominican monks are given Saint Nicholas Church which they tear down and begins construction on Church of Our Lady.^[11]
• 1298 - King Eric VI grants the Diocese of Aarhus rent from the peasantry enlisted in leidang.^[12]
• 1441 - Christopher of Bavaria ratifies existing market town privileges.^[17][18][19]
• 1477 -
  • Christian I grants citizens of Aarhus rights to fisheries in Lillebælt, Kalø Vig and Jutland.^[17][18]
  • The defensive ramparts ringing the town since the Viking age are removed.^[20][21]
• 1483 - King Hans ratifies that citizens of Aarhus are free of duties and may trade in all markets in Jutland.^[17][18]
• 1496 - King Hans ratifies that citizens of Aarhus may use all fisheries in Jutland.^[17][18]

Renaissance 16th - 18th century

• 1505 - King Hans establishes a four-mile exclusion zone around Aarhus within which only citizens may trade with farmers.^[17][18][22]
• 1542 - Large fires break out destroying parts of present Indre By.^[23][24]
• 1546 - Parts of the city burns down as fires breaks out.^[23][24]
• 1556 - Large fires breaks out.^[23][24]
• 1627-1629 - Aarhus is occupied by Albrecht von Wallenstein's troops on behest of Ferdinand II during the Thirty Years' War.^[23][24]
• 1637 - Thors Mølle is constructed as a powder mill.^[25]
• 1644-1645 - Occupation by Swedish troops during the Torstenson War^[23][24]
• 1657 - Wooden city walls erected as octroi is introduced.^[26]
• 1657-1659 - Aarhus is occupied during the Dano-Swedish wars of 1657–58 and 1658–60.^[23][24]
• 1659
  • Aarhus is bombarded by 13 Swedish warships during the Dano-Swedish War of 1658–60.^[23][24]
  • Plague breaks out in the city. Nationwide a third of the population is killed.^[23][24]
• 1662 - The medieval fiefs reformed into counties and Aarhus County is established.^[27]
• 1672 - 3.474 inhabitants.^[28]
• 1740 - New citizens council established, composed of the wealthiest citizens.^[29]
• 1794 - Århus Stiftstidende is published for the first time.

19th century

• 1801 - 3.837 inhabitants.^[28]
• 1830
  • Regular steamship links with Copenhagen begins.^[30]
  • Vennelystparken opens for the first time.
• 1838 - Electoral rules changed to allow voting for the city council.^[31]
• 1840
  • 7.087 inhabitants.^[28]
  • Harbor moved from the Aarhus river to the coast.^[32][33]
• 1849
  • Occupied by Prussian troops during the First Schleswig War.^[34]
  • The skirmish known as Rytterfægtningen is fought in the area of present-day Trøjborg.
  • Denmark gets constitution and new electoral laws. The greater half of citizens representatives to be elected by all citizens while the other half is elected by the highest taxed citizens.^[35]
• 1851
  • Octroi abolished and the city walls removed.
  • 11.009 inhabitants.^[28]
• 1854 - Frichs is established.
• 1856 - The Ceres Brewery is established.
• 1862 - Jutland's first railway established between Aarhus and Randers.^[36]
• 1864 - Aarhus is occupied by Prussian troops during the Second Schleswig War.^[37]
• 1869 - Citizen Representation reformed to a city council with 19 members elected for 6 years. 10 members elected by all citizens, 9 by the highest taxed.^[38]
• 1871
  • Aarhus Oliefabrik A/S is established.
  • Jyllands-Posten publishes its first paper.
• 1873 - Cholera kills 213.^[39]
• 1874 - Frederiksbjerg annexed.
• 1875 - Aarhus Botanical Gardens is constructed.
• 1876 - The Grenaa Line opens; connecting Aarhus to Grenå by rail.
• 1880 - 24.831 inhabitants.^[28]
• 1883
  • Aarhus Butterine Company is established.
  • First public transportation in the form of horse drawn carriages.^[40]
• 1884 - The rail line Odderbanen opens, connecting Aarhus to Odder.
• 1896
  • Korn- og Foderstof Kompagniet is established.
  • Marselisborg estate purchased.
  • Construction on Trøjborg begins.
• 1900 - Aarhus Theatre is completed.

20th century

• 1901 - 51.814 inhabitants.^[28]
• 1902
  • The National Library is finished.^[41]
  • Marselisborg Palace is established.
• 1906 - Frederik Ferdinand Salling opens the store that will eventually grow into Salling.^[42]
• 1909
  • Aarhus hosts the National Exhibition of 1909.^[43]
  • Electoral periods for the city council changed to 4 years, privileged electoral system abolished and women given voting rights.^[38]
• 1911 - 64.607 inhabitants.^[28]
• 1912 - Den Gamle By is established.
• 1919 - First publicly elected mayor.^[44]
• 1921 - 86.197 inhabitants.^[28]
• 1925 - Mindeparken is established.
• 1928
  • Aarhus University is opened.
  • Aarhus Sporveje is established.
• 1929 - The Central Station is completed.
• 1930 - 101.423 inhabitants.^[28]
• 1932
  • Marselisborg Deer Park is established.
  • University Park is established.
• 1933 - Den Permanente is established.
• 1940 - 126.459 inhabitants.^[28]
• 1950 - City management changed to a magistrate.^[45]

World War II

• 10 April 1940 - Aarhus occupied by invading German troops.^[46]
• 1941
  • The city hall by architect Hack Kampmann is completed.
  • The Royal Air Force bombs a viaduct in Viby.^[46]
• 24 September 1942 - The Aarhus oil mill is bombed by the Royal Air Force.^[47]
• 3 July 1943 - The resistance bombs and destroys the viaduct at Spanien.^[48]
• 4 July 1944 - German barge loaded with ammunition explodes in the harbor killing 38.
• 22 August 1944 – Aarhus Sporveje tram depot on Dalgas Avenue is blown up in an act of schalburgtage.^[49]
• 10 October 1944 - German steamer Scharnhörn bombed by the resistance movement.^[48]
• 30 September 1944 – Aarhus-Hallen is bombed killing 5 people.^[49]
• 9 oktober 1944 – The Peter group destroys the building of the newspaper Demokraten.^[49]
• 31 October 1944 - The Gestapo headquarters in Aarhus University is bombed by the Royal Air Force.
• 11 November 1944 – Five buildings on Ryesgade are destroyed by the Peter group.^[49]
• 12 November 1944 – Buildings in Søndergade 10-14, 23- 27, 29 and 58-60 are bombed.^[49]
• 2 December 1944 – Aarhus Håndværkerforening is bombed killing 1 person.^[49]
• 21 januar 1945 – Vennelyst Teateret (English: Vennelyst Theatre) in Vennelystparken is bombed.^[49]
• 22 februar 1945 – The Peter group bombs Guldsmedgade, Nørregade, Ryesgade and Aarhus Theatre killing 8 people.^[49]
• 13. marts 1945 – Risskovtoget (English: Risskov Train) is bombed killing two people.^[49]
• 29 marts 1945 - Editor of Århus Stiftstidende Børge Schmidt is shot and killed in a clearing murder.^[49]
• 5 May 1945 - Fighting between resistance fighters and German forces refusing surrender claims 15 lives.^[50]
• 8 May 1945 - British troops enter and officially liberate Aarhus from German occupation.

Post-World War II

• 1945 - I/S Aarhus Flydedok og Maskinkompagni is established.
• 1950
  • 153.546 inhabitants.^[28]
  • Management of Aarhus is changed to a Magistrate.^[51]
• 1960
  • 177.234 inhabitants.^[28]
  • First direct elections of county council.^[27]
• 1965 - The first Aarhus Festuge festival is held.
• 1970
  • Aarhus Municipality is merged with a number of surrounding municipalities during the 1970 Danish Municipal Reform
  • 199.427 inhabitants.^[28]
• 1975 - The anti-nuclear Smiling Sun logo is designed by the local group of Organisationen til Oplysning om Atomkraft.^[52]
• 1977 - The first Moesgård Vikingetræf event is held.
• 1983 - Gaffa is published for the first time.^[53]
• 1989 - The first Aarhus International Jazz Festival.
• 1990 - 200.188 inhabitants.^[28]
• 1991 - KaosPilots is founded by Uffe Elbæk.^[54]
• 1994 - The first SpoT Festival is held.
• 2000 - 217.260 inhabitants.^[28]

21st century

• 2002 - Louise Gade becomes the first woman and non-Social Democratic mayor of Aarhus.
• 2006 - 228.674 inhabitants.^[28]
• 2007
  • Construction begins on Aarhus Ø.
  • Aarhus County is dissolved and Aarhus becomes part of Central Denmark Region.
• 2009
  • Sculpture by the Sea is held for the first time.
  • The first Northside Festival is held.
• 2011 - City council elects to change spelling from "Århus" to "Aarhus".^[55]
• 2012
  • Aarhus Pride is held for the first time.
  • Construction begins on CeresByen.
• 2013
  • 256.018 inhabitants.^[28]
  • Construction begins on Aarhus Letbane (English: Aarhus light rail)
• 2015 - Redevelopment of Frederiks Plads begins.

See also

• Mayor of Aarhus (since 1919)

References

1. Annette Damm (2005). "Aros 700-1100". Vikingernes Aros (1st ed.). Moesgård Museum. ISBN 978-8-7873-3462-4.
2. "Kirkerne i Århus" (PDF) (in Danish). Danmarks Kirker: Nationalmuseet. p. 52. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
3. "Kongeby". Moesgård Museum. Retrieved 15 August 2014.
4. "Aarhus Cathedral". Danmarkshistorien.dk. Aarhus University. Retrieved 15 August 2014.
5. "By efter by" (in Danish). Den Store Danske. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
6. "Registrantområder - Indre by". Aarhus Municipality, 2nd Department of the Magistrate. p. 11. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
7. Paludan 1998, p. 19.
8. "The Viking Age in Scandinavia". Vikingeskibsmuseet. Retrieved 12 August 2015.
9. Paludan 1998, p. 20.
10. "Skt. Nicolai Domkirke". Aarhus University. Retrieved 12 August 2015.
11. "Kryptkirken". Church of Our Lady. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
12. Paludan 1998, p. 28.
13. Paludan 1998, p. 30.
14. Paludan 1998, p. 31.
15. "Mølleparken" (in Danish). Aarhus University. Retrieved 26 July 2015.
16. Paludan 1998, p. 32.
17. Jens Rasmussen H Bertz (2011). Aktstykker Vedkommende Staden Og Stiftet Aarhus, Volume 1 (1st ed.). Nabu Press. ISBN 978-1-1790-3641-0.
18. "Købstadsprivilegier". Aarhus University. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
19. Paludan 1998, p. 57.
20. "The Moat" (in Danish). The Viking Museum. Retrieved 15 August 2014.
21. "Historien om Aarhus" (in Danish). Aarhus Stadsarkiv. Retrieved 26 July 2015.
22. Paludan 1998, p. 58.
23. "Seks krige mod broderfolket". Århus Stiftstidende. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
24. "Aarhus under Svenskekrigene". Århus Stiftstidende. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
25. "Krudt Kradsuld og Kaffe Ved Thors Moelle". Stadsarkivet. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
26. "Nørre Stenbro". Århus Municipality. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
27. "Amter" (in Danish). Aarhus University. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
28. "Købstæder, befolkning". Aarhus University. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
29. Beck 1997, p. 4.
30. "Dokk1 og Dampskibsbroen" (in Danish). Stadsarkivet. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
31. "Aarhus byråd" (in Danish). Aarhus University. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
32. Paludan 1998, p. 42.
33. "Rapport over udviklingen af den moderne havn i Aarhus fra o.1840-2006" (PDF) (in Danish). Byhistorie. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
34. "Treaarskrigen 1848" (in Danish). Danmarkshistorien, Encyclopedia. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
35. "Byens raad 1838-1868" (in Danish). Aarhus Municipality. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
36. Christiansen 1984, p. 6.
37. "1864 Jylland besat af tyske tropper" (in Danish). Århus Stiftstidende. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
38. "Byens raad 1869-1919" (in Danish). Aarhus Municipality. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
39. Beck 1997, p. 3.
40. "Sporvogne i Aarhus" (in Danish). Aarhus University. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
41. "Erhvervsarkivet" (in Danish). Aarhus Municipality, VisitAarhus. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
42. "Salling" (in Danish). Aarhus University. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
43. "Landsudstillingen i Aarhus" (in Danish). Aarhus University. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
44. "Aarhus Borgmester" (in Danish). Aarhus University. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
45. "Byens raad 1919-1969" (in Danish). Aarhus Municipality. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
46. "Den Tyske besættelse" (in Danish). Aarhus University. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
47. "Bomber over Aarhus" (in Danish). Den Gamle By. Retrieved 12 August 2015.
48. "Dagbog fra besættelsen" (in Danish). Jyllandsposten. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
49. "Schalburgtage_i_Aarhus" (in Danish). Aarhus University. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
50. "Blodbad på Bispetorv" (in Danish). Jyllandsposten. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
51. "Magistratstyre". Aarhus University. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
52. "Atomkraft - Nej Tak". Den Gamle By. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
53. "Gaffa". Den Gamle By. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
54. "KaosPiloter". Den Gamle By. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
55. "Aarhus skifter navn". Politiken. Retrieved 12 August 2015.

Publications

• Paludan, Helge (1998). Århus bys historie, fra vikingetid til nutid. Husets Forlag. ISBN 978-8-7748-3366-6.
• Christiansen, Asger (1984). Aarhus-Randers elektriske Jernbane. Banebøger. ISBN 978-8-7886-3204-0.
• Beck, Bue (1997). Aarhus:Byens Historie. 1720-1870. Århus Byhistorisk Fond. ISBN 87-8938-629-9.