Timeline of Johannesburg

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Johannesburg, South Africa.

19th century

• 1886 – Johannesburg township established by Boer government after discovery of gold in vicinity.^[1][2]
• 1887
  • The Star newspaper in publication.^[3]
  • St. Mary's Church built.^[4]
  • Johannesburg Stock Exchange founded.^[5]
  • Theatre Royal opens.^[6]
• 1890 – Library opens.^[7]
• 1891
  • Horse-drawn tram begins operating.^[4]
  • Standard Theatre opens.^[6]
• 1892 – Prison built.
• 1895 – Railway in operation.^[4]
• 1896
  • January: Uprising against Boer government.^[4]
  • 19 February: Braamfontein Explosion.
• 1897
  • Johannesburg Park Station opens.
  • Johan Zulch de Villiers becomes mayor.
• 1899 – Fort built.

20th century

• 1900 – 31 May: Town captured by British forces during the Second Boer War.^[1]
• 1903
  • Johannesburg Stock Exchange building constructed.^[2]
  • Observatory built near town.^[4]
  • Sophiatown developed.^[8]
• 1904
  • Johannesburg Zoo and Transvaal Technical Institute established.^[4]
  • April: Brickfields burned.
  • Population: 99,022.^[4]
• 1905
  • Town administrative wards created.^[4]
  • Johannesburg Statistics begins publication.^[4]
  • Alexandra developed near Johannesburg.^[9]
• 1906
  • Electric trams begin operating.^[4]
  • Sunday Times newspaper begins publication.
• 1908 – Population: 180,687.^[4]
• 1922
  • University of the Witwatersrand incorporated.
  • January–March: Miner's strike.^[10]
• 1925 – Technikon Witwatersrand established.
• 1927 - Johannesburg Symphony Orchestra founded.^[11]
• 1928 – Johannesburg gains city status.^[1]
• 1929 - South African Institute of Race Relations headquartered in city.
• 1931 – Airport opens in Germiston.
• 1935 – Johannesburg City Library building opens.^[7]
• 1936 -
  • September 15: The Empire Exhibition World's Fair opens^[12]
• 1948 - Polly Street Centre founded.^[13]
• 1951 - Drum magazine begins publication.^[13]
• 1952 – Jan Smuts Airport established in Kempton Park.
• 1957 – 1957 Alexandra Bus Boycott.^[14]
• 1960 – Johannesburg Planetarium opens.
• 1961 – City becomes part of the Republic of South Africa.
• 1962 – Sentech Tower built.
• 1964 – Johannesburg Botanical Garden established.
• 1966 – Rand Afrikaans University founded.^[15]
• 1969 – Hyde Park Corner (shopping centre) in business.
• 1970 – Tollman Towers and Trust Bank Building constructed.
• 1971 – Hillbrow Tower built.
• 1973 – Marble Towers, Carlton Centre, and Sandton City shopping centre built.
• 1974 – Beeld newspaper begins publication.
• 1975 – Ponte City Apartments built.^[16]
• 1976
  • 16 June: Soweto uprising.^[9]
  • Market Theatre opens.^[17]
• 1978 - Staffrider literary magazine begins publication.^[18]
• 1980
  • Municipal workers' strike.^[19]
  • Federated Union of Black Artists Academy established.^[13]
• 1981 – The Sowetan newspaper begins publication.
• 1982
  • City Press newspaper begins publication.
  • Afrapix active.^[18]
• 1984 – 11 Diagonal Street built.
• 1985
  • Weekly Mail newspaper begins publication.
  • Mormon Temple dedicated.
  • Population: 1,773,000 (urban agglomeration).^[20]
• 1987 - Water Institute of Southern Africa headquartered in city.^[21]
• 1989
  • Soccer City stadium opens.
  • Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation established.^[21]
• 1990 - Population: 1,898,000 (urban agglomeration).^[20]
• 1992
  • Johannesburg Stadium opens.
  • Centre for Policy Studies headquartered in Johannesburg.^[21][22]
• 1994
  • 28 March: Shooting at Shell House.^[23]
  • City becomes seat of Gauteng province.
  • South African School of Motion Picture Medium and Live Performance established.
• 1995
  • Gallagher Convention Centre opens.
  • Centre for Development and Enterprise headquartered in Johannesburg.^[24]
  • Johannesburg Biennale art exhibit begins.^[13]
• 1996 – Population: 752,349.^[25]
• 1997
  • MTN Sundrome opens.
  • Flag of Johannesburg revised design adopted.
• 1999 – September: 1999 All-Africa Games held.

21st century

• 2000
  • City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality and Johannesburg City Parks created.
  • Stoned Cherrie in business.^[26]
  • Population: 2,732,000 (urban agglomeration).^[20]
• 2001
  • Amos Masondo becomes mayor.^[27]
  • Monash University, South Africa campus established.
  • Population: 3,226,055.^[28]
• 2002
  • Soweto becomes part of city.
  • City hosts Earth Summit 2002.
• 2003 – Nelson Mandela Bridge built.
• 2004 – Constitutional Court of South Africa building opens in Constitution Hill.
• 2005
  • University of Johannesburg established.
  • 2 July: Live 8 concert.
  • Population: 3,272,000 (urban agglomeration).^[20]
• 2008
  • Joburg Art Fair begins.^[13]
  • Google office in business.^[29][30]
  • Species Australopithecus sediba discovered near Johannesburg.
• 2010 – 11 July: 2010 FIFA World Cup Final held.
• 2011
  • Parks Tau becomes mayor.^[31]
  • Air pollution in Johannesburg reaches annual mean of 41 PM2.5 and 85 PM10, more than recommended.^[32]
  • Population: 4,434,827.^[28]
• 2013 – 5 December: Nelson Mandela dies in Johannesburg.
• 2015 – October: #FeesMustFall protest.^[33]
• 2016 – 22 August: Herman Mashaba becomes mayor
• 2016 – October: #FeesMustFall protest (again!).

See also

• History of Johannesburg
• Mayor of Johannesburg
• City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality

Other cities in South Africa

• Timeline of Cape Town
• Timeline of Pretoria, Tshwane

References

1. Webster's Geographical Dictionary, USA: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1960, OL 5812502M
2. H.T. Montague Bell; C. Arthur Lane (1905). Guide to the Transvaal. Johannesburg Reception Committee.
3. "Johannesburg (South Africa) Newspapers". WorldCat. USA: Online Computer Library Center. Retrieved 2 May 2013.
4. "Johannesburg", Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.), New York: Encyclopaedia Britannica Co., 1910, OCLC 14782424
5. "South Africa". International Encyclopedia of the Stock Market. Fitzroy Dearborn. 1999. ISBN 978-1-884964-35-0.
6. Jaques Malan (2005). "Opera Houses in South Africa". In Christine Lucia. World of South African Music: A Reader. Cambridge Scholars Press. ISBN 978-1-904303-36-7.
7. R.F. Kennedy (1968). "Johannesburg Public Library". Journal of Library History. 3.
8. Johannesburg and Pretoria. Rough Guides. 2012. ISBN 978-1-4093-1492-9.
9. Christopher Schmitz (2004). "Johannesburg". In Kevin Shillington. Encyclopedia of African History. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-45670-2.
10. Niall Ó. Murchú (2007). "Split Labor Markets and Ethnic Violence after World War I: A Comparison of Belfast, Chicago, and Johannesburg". Comparative Politics. 39. JSTOR 20434051.
11. Christine Lucia, ed. (2005). World of South African Music: A Reader. Cambridge Scholars Press. ISBN 978-1-904303-36-7.
12. "Lexicon - Empire Exhibition". Retrieved December 5, 2013.
13. "Southern Africa, 1900 A.D.–present: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
14. "Global Nonviolent Action Database". Pennsylvania, USA: Swarthmore College. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
15. Jacqueline Audrey Kalley; et al. (1999). Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-30247-3.
16. "Demolition dreams: the world's 'worst' buildings", Financial Times, 31 October 2014
17. Loren Kruger (2001). "Theatre, Crime, and the Edgy City in Post-Apartheid Johannesburg". Theatre Journal. 53. JSTOR 25068913.
18. "Afrapix timeline 1978 - 1991". South African History Online. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
19. Franco Barchiesi (2007). "Privatization and the Historical Trajectory of 'Social Movement Unionism': A Case Study of Municipal Workers in Johannesburg, South Africa". International Labor and Working-Class History. 71. JSTOR 27673070.
20. "The State of African Cities 2014". United Nations Human Settlements Programme. ISBN 978-92-1-132598-0.
21. "Organizations". International Relations and Security Network. Switzerland: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
22. "Introduction". Centre for Policy Studies. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
23. Roger B. Beck (2013). "Timeline of Historical Events". History of South Africa. Greenwood Histories of Modern Nations (2nd ed.). ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-61069-527-5.
24. "Think Tank Directory". Philadelphia: Foreign Policy Research Institute. Retrieved 2 May 2013.
25. "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2011. United Nations Statistics Division. 2012.
26. Michaela Alejandra Oberhofer (2012), "Fashioning African Cities: The Case of Johannesburg, Lagos and Douala", Streetnotes (20), ISSN 2159-2926 – via California Digital Library
27. "Mayor". City of Johannesburg. Archived from the original on 12 April 2010.
28. "Statistics by Place: City of Johannesburg". Statistics South Africa. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
29. "Google Africa Blog". July 2008 – via Blogspot.
30. "Company: Locations". Google Inc. Archived from the original on 15 August 2013.
31. "South African mayors". City Mayors.com. London: City Mayors Foundation. Retrieved 2 May 2013.
32. World Health Organization (2016), Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database, Geneva
33. "South African students continue fees protest", BBC News, 26 October 2015

Further reading

Published in the 20th century

• A. Samler Brown; G. Gordon Brown, eds. (1906), "Johannesburg", Guide to South Africa (14th ed.), London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company
• G.-M Van der Waal (1987), From mining camp to metropolis: the buildings of Johannesburg, 1886–1940, Pretoria: C. van Rensburg Publications for the Human Sciences Research Council, ISBN 0868460494
• Noelle Watson, ed. (1996). "Johannesburg". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa. UK: Routledge. ISBN 1884964036.

Published in the 21st century

• Musiker, 2000. A Concise Historical Dictionary of Greater Johannesburg, Francolin Pubs., Cape Town, South Africa.
• Jo Beall; et al. (2002), Uniting a Divided City: Governance and Social Exclusion in Johannesburg, Earthscan Publications Ltd., ISBN 9781853839214
• People Behind the Walls: Insecurity, Identity and Gate Communities in Johannesburg, London: Crisis States Research Centre, 2002 – via International Relations and Security Network
• Okwui Enwezor, ed. (2002). Under Siege: Four African Cities, Freetown, Johannesburg, Kinshasa, Lagos. Ostfildern, Germany: Hatje Cantz. ISBN 978-3-7757-9090-1. Documenta11 + website
• Gardner Khumalo; et al. (2003), Alternative service delivery arrangements at municipal level in South Africa: Assessing the impact of service delivery and customer satisfaction in Johannesburg, Johannesburg: Centre for Policy Studies
• Lindsay Bremner (2004). Johannesburg: One City, Colliding Worlds. Johannesburg.
• Owen Crankshaw and Susan Parnell (2004). "Johannesburg". In Josef Gugler. World Cities beyond the West: Globalization, Development, and Inequality. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521830036.
• "City of Hope, City of Fear: Johannesburg", National Geographic Magazine, Washington DC, 205, 2004
• Christian M. Rogerson (2004). "Urban tourism and small tourism enterprise development in Johannesburg: The case of township tourism". GeoJournal. 60. JSTOR 41147888.
• Lindsay Bremner (2005). "Remaking Johannesburg". In Stephen Read; et al. Future: City. UK: Spon Press. ISBN 0415284503.
• Ivor Chipkin (2005). "The Political Stakes of Academic Research: Perspectives on Johannesburg". African Studies Review. 48. JSTOR 20065097.
• Kwame Anthony Appiah and Henry Louis Gates, ed. (2005). "Johannesburg". Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 375. ISBN 978-0-19-517055-9.
• S.B. Bekker and Anne Leildé, ed. (2006). Reflections on Identity in Four African Cities. South Africa: African Minds. ISBN 978-1-920051-40-2. (about Cape Town, Johannesburg, Libreville, Lomé)
• Sarah Nuttall, Achille Mbembe, ed. (2008). Johannesburg: The Elusive Metropolis. Duke University Press. ISBN 0822381214.
• Martin J. Murray (2008). "The city in fragments: kaleidoscopic Johannesburg after apartheid". In Gyan Prakash and Kevin Michael Kruse. Spaces of the Modern City: Imaginaries, Politics, and Everyday Life. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-13343-3.
• Abdou Maliq Simone (2012). "People as Infrastructure: Intersecting Fragments in Johannesburg". In Kerstin Pinther; et al. Afropolis: City Media Art. Jacana Media. ISBN 978-1-4314-0325-7.

External links

• "Johannesburg Timeline 1800–1991". South African History Online.
• "(Articles related to Johannesburg)". Connecting-Africa. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre.
• "(Items related to Johannesburg)". Internet Library Sub-Saharan Africa. Germany: Frankfurt University Library.