Timeline of Peshawar

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Peshawar, Pakistan.

Prior to 19th century

• 127 CE - Purushapura becomes eastern capital of Buddhist kingdom Gandhara (approximate date).
• 978 CE - Sabaktagin defeats Jayapala.^[1]
• 1001 - 27 November: Battle of Peshawar; Mahmud of Ghazni in power.
• 1006 - Mahmud of Ghazni defeats Anandapala.^[2]
• 1180 - Mu'izz-Ud-Din Muhammad Ibn Sam in power.^[2]
• 1630 - Mohabbat Khan Mosque built.
• 1758 - 8 May: Battle of Peshawar; Marathas in power.

19th century

• 1810 - Wazir Bagh (garden) laid out.
• 1825 - Sikh Ranjit Singh in power.^[3]
• 1834
  • Hari Singh Nalwa in power.
  • Bala Hissar (fort) rebuilt.^[4]
• 1838 - Italian Paolo Avitabile in power.^[5]
• 1849
  • British in power.^[6]
  • Gorak Nath Temple built.^[7]
• 1850s - Grand Trunk Road Lahore-Peshawar extension constructed (approximate date).^[8]
• 1851 - Peshawar cemetery established.^[9]
• 1860 - Flood.^[10]
• 1867 - Municipality constituted.^[11]
• 1868
  • British Peshawar Cantonment laid out near city.
  • Population: 56,589 (city); 58,555 (municipality).^[10]
• 1881 - Population: 79,982.^[12]
• 1882 - Sethi Mohallah residence built.^[13]
• 1883 - All Saints Church opens in cantonment.^[4]
• 1891 - Population: 54,191.^[11]

20th century

• 1900
  • Cunningham clock tower built.^[9]
  • Edwardes College established.^[9]
• 1901
  • City becomes capital of the North-West Frontier Province.^[11]
  • Population: 95,147.^[14]
• 1906 - Victoria Hall built.
• 1907 - Peshawar Museum founded.
• 1909 - Ancient Buddhist Kanishka casket discovered by archaeologists in Shah-ji-Dheri near city.
• 1913 - Islamia College established.^[15]
• 1922 - Kapoor Haveli (residence) built.
• 1925 - Khaiber railway built.^[16]
• 1930
  • 23 April: Qissa Khwani Bazaar massacre.
  • Novelty cinema opens.^[17]
• 1932 - Khyber Mail newspaper begins publication.^[18]
• 1934 - Landsdowne cinema opens.^[17]
• 1936 - Radio station begins broadcasting.^[19]
• 1939 - Al Falah newspaper begins publication.^[20]
• 1941
  • Al-Jamiat-e-Sarhad newspaper begins publication.^[20]
  • Population: 130,967.^[6]
• 1947 - City becomes part of the Dominion of Pakistan.
• 1948 - City becomes capital of the Peshawar province.^[2]
• 1949 - Frontier Corps military reserve headquartered in Bala Hissar (fort).^[9]
• 1950
  • University of Peshawar established.
  • Shahab-e-saqib and Qallandar Urdu-language newspapers begin publication.^[20]
• 1951 - Population: 114,000.^[6]
• 1954 - Khyber Medical College established.
• 1955
  • City becomes part of West Pakistan.^[2]
  • The Statesman English-language newspaper begins publication.^[20]
  • Abasin Arts Society established.
• 1956 - City becomes part of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
• 1958 - Amal newspaper begins publication.^[20]
• 1964 - Peshawar Press Club founded.
• 1965 - Bacha Khan International Airport in operation.
• 1975
  • Qayyum Stadium opens.
  • Hayatabad suburb established.^[21]
• 1976 - Wahdat Pashto-language newspaper begins publication.
• 1977 - Shahādat newspaper begins publication.^[18]
• 1980 - May: Explosion at Jamiat Islami Afghanistan headquarters.^[22]
• 1981
  • Population: 555,000.^[2]
  • Kacha Garhi refugee camp established near city.^[21]
• 1982
  • Jalozai Afghan refugee camp in operation.^[21]
  • Afghan Islamic Press news agency established.
• 1984 - Mujāhid Wulas newspaper begins publication.^[18]
• 1985
  • Karkhano Market and Nishtar Hall^[23] established.
  • The Frontier Post (English-language) newspaper begins publication.^[20]
• 1987 - Frontier Times in publication (approximate date).^[18]
• 1988 - Al-Qaeda Islamist group organized.^[24]
• 1996 - Qalb-e-Asia Cultural Centre established.^[21]
• 1998 - Population: 982,816.^[25]

21st century

• 2004 - Peshawar Panthers (cricket team) formed.
• 2008 - 5 December: Bombing.^[26]
• 2009
  • 8 March: Bombing at Rahman Baba shrine.^[27]
  • 9 June: Pearl Continental hotel bombing.
  • August: Bombing.^[28]
  • 9 October: Bombing in Khyber Bazaar.
  • Amn Tehrik (peace effort) launched.
• 2010
  • 19 April: Bombing in Qissa Khawani Bazaar.^[29]
  • July: Flood.
  • Air pollution in Peshawar reaches annual mean of 111 PM2.5 and 540 PM10, much higher than recommended.^[30]
• 2011
  • PIA Planetarium inaugurated.
  • Saeed Book Bank closes.^[31]
  • 10 May: Car bomb kills journalist.
  • 12 June: Bombings in Khyber market area.
• 2012 - 15 December: 2012 Peshawar airport attack.
• 2013 - 21 June: Bombing at Shiite mosque in Gulshan Colony.

See also

• History of Peshawar
• Timeline of Karachi
• Timeline of Lahore

References

1. Edward Balfour (1885), "Peshawur", Cyclopaedia of India (3rd ed.), London: B. Quaritch
2. C.C. Davies; C.E. Bosworth (2007). "Peshawar". In C.E. Bosworth. Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. p. 426+. ISBN 9789004153882.
3. Jocquim Hayward Stocqueler (1848), Oriental Interpreter and Treasury of East India Knowledge, London: C. Cox, OCLC 3145677
4. "Peshawar". Pakistan. Lonely Planet. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
5. David Ross (1883), "Peshawar", The Land of the Five Rivers and Sindh: Sketches Historical and Descriptive, London: Chapman and Hall
6. Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, OL 6112221M
7. "The Life and times of Peshawar's Kaka Ram". Qissa Khwani. 21 June 2012. Originally published by The News on Sunday, 17 June 2012
8. Memorandum of the Improvements in the Administration of India During the Last Thirty Years: And the Petition of the East-India Company to Parliament, 1858
9. Directorate of Information Technology, Web Portal Management Cell. "About Us: Town & Places". Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Official Gateway to Government. Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
10. "Towns, Municipalities, and Contonments". Gazetteer of the Peshawar District. 1883. p. 287+.
11. "Peshawar City", Imperial Gazetteer of India (New ed.), Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908
12. Edward Thornton (1886), "Peshawar", in Roper Lethbridge and Arthur N. Wollaston, Gazetteer of the Territories under the Government of the Viceroy of India, London: W. H. Allen & Co., OCLC 710600
13. "Forgotten in the 'lost-and-found' of our heritage". Daily Times. 6 May 2006. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
14. "Peshawar", Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.), New York: Encyclopaedia Britannica Co., 1910, OCLC 14782424
15. Schellinger and Salkin, ed. (1996). "Peshawar". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania. UK: Routledge. p. 669+. ISBN 9781884964046.
16. "Peshawar". Encyclopaedia of Islam. Leiden: E.J. Brill. 1927. OCLC 39715711.
17. "Curtain going down on cinema culture in Peshawar". Daily Times. Pakistan. 2 February 2009. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
18. "Peshawar (Pakistan) Newspapers". WorldCat. USA: Online Computer Library Center. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
19. "Bollywood's Shah Rukh Khan, Dilip Kumar and the Peshawar club". BBC News. 28 November 2012. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
20. "Pakistan". Far East and Australasia 2003. Regional Surveys of the World. Europa Publications. p. 1160+. ISBN 9781857431339.
21. Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (2006), Afghans in Peshawar: Migration, settlements and social networks, Case Study Series, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, retrieved 17 August 2013
22. "Peshawar a hot-bed of spies and plotters". New Sunday Times. Malaysia. 2 November 1980. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
23. "Nishtar Hall to host musical concert today after five years". Daily Times. Lahore. May 27, 2008. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
24. Andrew Wander (12 July 2008). "A history of terror: Al-Qaeda 1988-2008". The Observer. UK: Guardian Media Group. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
25. "Population of Capital Cities and Cities of 100,000 or More Inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2011. United Nations Statistics Division. 2012. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
26. Farhan Janjua (5 December 2008). "Pakistan: Deadly Bomb Blast in Peshawar". Global Voices. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
27. "Taliban attack the tomb of Rahman Baba in Peshawar". Let Us Build Pakistan. 8 March 2009. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
28. "Pakistan Profile: Timeline". BBC News. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
29. "Bomb blast hits Pakistan protest". Al Jazeera English. 19 April 2010. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
30. World Health Organization (2016), Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database, Geneva
31. "Closure: Final page turns on Saeed Book Bank Peshawar". Express Tribune. Karachi. 24 February 2011. Retrieved 17 August 2013.

Further reading

Published in the 19th century

• Edward Thornton (1844), "Peshawer", Gazetteer of the Countries Adjacent to India on the Northwest, London: W.H. Allen, OCLC 6141828
• E.G.G. Hastings (1878), Report on the Settlement of the Peshawar District of the Punjab, Lahore

Published in the 20th century

• The Punjab, its Feudatories, and the North-West Frontier Province. Census of India, 1901. 17, Part 2. Simla. 1902. Part 1
• "Peshawar", A Handbook for Travellers in India, Burma, and Ceylon (8th ed.), London: J. Murray, 1911
• Peshawar District Gazetteer, Lahore, 1933
• Ahmad Hasan Dani (1969). Peshawar, Historic City of the Frontier. Peshawar. OCLC 556485417.

Published in the 21st century

• Maneesha Tikekar (2004), "Peshawar", Across the Wagah: an Indian's sojourn in Pakistan, New Delhi: Promilla & Co. in association with Bibliophile South Asia, New Jersey, ISBN 8185002347

External links

Coordinates: 34°01′00″N 71°35′00″E / 34.016667°N 71.583333°E