Total body surface area

Total body surface area (TBSA) is an assessment of injury to or disease of the skin, such as burns or psoriasis.

In adults, the Wallace rule of nines can be used to determine the total percentage of area burned for each major section of the body.^[1]

In burn cases that involve partial body areas, or when dermatologists are evaluating the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score, the patient's palm can serve a reference point roughly equivalent to 1% of the body surface area.

For children and infants, the Lund and Browder chart is used to assess the burned body surface area. Different percentages are used because the ratio of the combined surface area of the head and neck to the surface area of the limbs is typically larger in children than that of an adult.^[2]

Typical values for common groups of humans follow.^[3] (Due to rounding, values may not add to 100%.)

Adult Anatomic structure Surface area Anterior head 4.5% Posterior head 4.5% Anterior torso 18% Posterior torso 18% Anterior leg, each 9% Posterior leg, each 9% Anterior arm, each 4.5% Posterior arm, each 4.5% Genitalia/perineum 1%

Child Anatomic structure Surface area Anterior head 9% Posterior head 9% Anterior torso 18% Posterior torso 18% Anterior leg, each 6.75% Posterior leg, each 6.75% Anterior arm, each 4.5% Posterior arm, each 4.5% Genitalia/perineum 1%

Adult, obese >80 kg Anatomic structure Surface area Head and neck 2% Anterior torso 25% Posterior torso 25% Leg, each 20% Arm, each 5% Genitalia/perineum 0%

Infant <10 kg Anatomic structure Surface area Head and neck 20% Anterior torso 16% Posterior torso 16% Leg, each 16% Arm, each 8% Genitalia/perineum 1%

References

1. Burn Percentage in Adults: Rule of Nines
2. Types of Burns
3. O'Sullivan, Susan B., Schmitz, Thomas J. Physical Rehabilitation. 5th ed. F.A. Davis Company, Philadelphia, 2007. p. 1098, Fig 27.9.