Trần Hiến Tông

Trần Hiến Tông
陳憲宗
Emperor of Annam
Emperor of Trần dynasty
Reign 1329–1341
Predecessor Trần Minh Tông
Successor Trần Dụ Tông
Born 1319
Thăng Long, Annam
Died 1341
Annam
Burial Xương An Lăng
Spouse Imperial Consort Hiển Trinh
Issue no heir
Full name
Trần Vượng (陳旺)
Era dates
Khai Hữu (開祐, 1329–1341)
Posthumous name
none
Temple name
Hiến Tông (憲宗)
House Trần dynasty
Father Trần Minh Tông
Mother Imperial Consort Anh Tư
Religion Buddhism

Trần Hiến Tông (1319–1341), given name Trần Vượng (陳旺), was the sixth emperor of the Trần dynasty who reigned Đại Việt from 1329 to 1341. Enthroned by Minh Tông when he was only a ten-year-old boy, Hiến Tông ruled Đại Việt with the regent of the Retired Emperor Minh Tông during his thirteen years of reign. The Emperor died at the age of 23 and leaving no heir, he was succeeded by his younger brother Trần Hạo. The decease of Hiến Tông and his father afterward marked the turning-point in history of Trần dynasty when the country began to fall into the trouble times.

Background and during Minh Tông's reign

Hiến Tông was born in 1319 as Trần Vượng, the first son of Emperor Trần Minh Tông and his imperial consort Anh Tư.[1] At that time, the birth of prince Trần Vượng ignited a fierce struggle in royal court between two parties, one supported prince Trần Vượng for the position of Minh Tông's successor, the other suggested that the crown prince must be reserved for the Queen's son. This struggle eventually led to the death of the Queen's father Trần Quốc Chẩn who was also a prominent general with many victories in battle.[2][3][4]

In 1329, Minh Tông decided to pass the throne to prince Trần Vượng, now emperor Hiến Tông, and took the position of Retired Emperor (Vietnamese: Thái thượng hoàng). Trần Vượng was only ten at his coronation.[3][5]

As emperor

According to Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư, Hiến Tông was known for his intelligence and righteousness. During the period that the Emperor and Retired Emperor co-ruled, Đại Việt people was able to witness the last period of real prosperity and peace in history of Trần dynasty.[1] Although still having a successful reign with the assistance of capable royal court, Hiến Tông had to face with the first signs of decline such as the deceases of many important and experienced mandarins like Trần Nhật Duật (1330),[1] Trần Khắc Chung (1330),[6] Đoàn Nhữ Hài (died in campaign against Laos, 1335)[7] and Trần Khánh Dư (1339).[8]

Continuing foreign policy created by Anh Tông, Minh Tông and Hiến Tông kept a friendly relation with Yuan dynasty while reinforced southern and western border to deal with the increasing hostility from Laos and kingdom of Champa. But different than the former period, military campaigns during the reign of Hiến Tông often experienced failure, for example the 1335 campaign[9]:219,229 led by Minh Tông in person against Laotian force was finally defeated and Trần royal court lost an important figure, Đoàn Nhữ Hài, who was drown in action.[7]

Hiến Tông died on 6 June of lunar calendar, 1341 at the age of only 23 and leaving no heir. Minh Tông therefore passed the throne to his tenth son, Trần Hạo, now Dụ Tông.[8] During his reign, Hiến Tông had one era name which was Khai Hựu (開佑, prosperity), other than his predecessors, the Emperor had no posthumous name.[1] Despite his natural endowments, the achievement of Hiến Tông during the reign was difficult to discuss because of the fact that his father still held the royal court in the position of retired emperor.[8]

Family

References

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 Ngô 1993, p. 240
  2. ↑ Trần 1971, p. 67
  3. 1 2 Chapuis 1995, p. 88
  4. ↑ Ngô 1993, pp. 236–237
  5. ↑ Ngô 1993, p. 237
  6. ↑ Ngô 1993, p. 242
  7. 1 2 Ngô 1993, p. 244
  8. 1 2 3 Ngô 1993, p. 246
  9. ↑ Coedès, George (1968). Walter F. Vella, ed. The Indianized States of Southeast Asia. trans.Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1.

Bibliography

Trần Hiến Tông
Born: 1319 Died: 1341
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Trần Minh Tông		 Emperor of Trần dynasty
1329–1341 		Succeeded by
Trần Dụ Tông
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