Turks in Kosovo

Turks in Kosovo
Total population
(18,738 (2011 census)[1]
(1.1% of Kosovo's population)
other estimates: 30,000[2] to 50,000[3]
(about 1-2% of Kosovo's population[4]))
Regions with significant populations
Languages

Turkish

Serbian, Albanian
Religion

Majority Sunni Islam

minorities Alevi, Cultural Muslims and Irreligion

The Turks in Kosovo, also known as Kosovo Turks, Kosovan Turks (Turkish: Kosova Türkleri) are the ethnic Turks who constitute a minority group in Kosovo.

History

Turkish settlement into Kosovo began in the late 14th century after the medieval Serbian state lost the Battle of Kosovo and the territory came under Ottoman rule. Substantial waves of Turkish colonisers began from 1389-1455 when, during the Ottoman conquest, soldiers, officials, and merchants began to make their appearance in the major towns of Kosovo.[5]

In 1912 the Ottoman Turks lost control over Kosovo and the region became a part of the Kingdoms of Serbia and Montenegro. From this point, Kosovo as a political entity was discontinued as the region was divided among new administrative units. Following the Austrian and Bulgarian occupation during World War I, Serbia and Montenegro became part of the newly created Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1918. When the Axis powers occupied Yugoslavia in 1941, the former territory of Kosovo became part of Albania, which was itself controlled by Italy. With the defeat of the Axis powers, Yugoslavia, then ruled by Communists led by Josip Broz Tito, regained control over the region. In 1946, Kosovo returned to maps when a region bearing the name Kosovo and Metohija was granted autonomous status within FPR Yugoslavia. Meanwhile, Turks officially became a recognised minority by Yugoslavia; as a result, the number of registered Turks in Kosovo jumped from a mere 1,313 (or 0.2% of the population) in 1948 to 34,343 (4.3% of Kosovo's population) in the 1953 census. However, many Turkish inhabitants began to emigrate to Turkey until 1958 on the basis of a bilingual contract between Yugoslavia and Turkey.[6]

Turks in Kosovo according to official censuses[7]
Year of census Turks % of total population
1921 27,920 6.3%
1931 23,698 4.3%
1939 24,946 3.8%
1948 1,315 0.2%
1953 34,583 4.3%
1961 25,784 2.7%
1971 12,224 1.0%
1981 12,513 0.8%
2011 18,738 1.1%

Demographics

Population

In 1993, the Human Rights Watch stated that there was approximately 20,000 Kosovan Turks, constituting about 1% of Kosovo's population.[8] More recent estimates suggest that there are now about 29 to 30 Turks living in Kosovo, forming between 1-2% of Kosovo's total population.[4][3] According to the 2011 census 18,738 citizens declared themselves as Turks, constituting 1.1% of Kosovo's total population. The European Centre for minority Issues Kosovo has stated that:

The total census number for Turks (18,738) is somewhat lower than that of previous estimates. To give an example, in Lipjan/Lipljan, the figure of Turks decreases from 400-500 to 128. However, in the 2010 general elections, the Turkish political parties KDTP and KTB received together a total of 207 votes. Although members from other communities sometimes vote for Turkish parties and other issues need to be taken into account, this figure suggests that for this municipality the census figure may not be representative and that further analysis is needed.[9]

Areas of settlement

The Turkish minority of Kosovo have a majority population in Mamuša. However, the largest Turkish population in Kosovo live in Prizren and in the neighbouring villages.[10] They constitute roughly 5% of Prizren's population, and the town remains the historical, cultural and political centre of the Kosovan Turkish community.[2] In the Gnjilane municipality, the Turkish community resides mostly in the town of Gnjilane and in the villages of Livoç i Epërm/Gornji Livoč and Dobërçan/Dobrčane, constituting between 0.9-1.1% of the total population of the municipality.[2] Kosovan Turks living in Kosovska Mitrovica amount to roughly 1.5% of its total population; in the southern part of the town, Kosovan Turks live scattered in the city, while those who live in northern region reside in the "Bosniak Mahalla" neighbourhood.[2] In Vučitrn Turks constitute about 0.9% of the total population, and live scattered throughout the urban areas. In the Pristina region, they are concentrated in the urban areas of the city, and constitute roughly 0.4% of the total municipal population, and in the rural settlements of Janjevo and Banullë/Bandulić in the Lipljan municipality, where they amount to 0.5% of the population.[2]

Turkish population in Kosovo according to the 2011 census (Turkish majority in bold):

Municipality Turks
(2011 Census)[11] 		% Turkish
Prizren 9,091 5.11%
Mamuša 5,128 93.11%
Pristina 2,156 1.08%
Gjilan 978 1.08%
Mitrovicë 518 0.72%
Vushtrri 278 0.39%
Dragash 202 0.59%
Lipjan 128 0.22%
Fushë Kosovë 62 %
Pejë 59 %
Ferizaj 55 %
Gjakovë 16 %
Gračanica 15 %
Istog 10 %
Novobërdë 7 %
Gllogoc 5 %
Kamenicë 5 %
Podujevë 5 %
Suharekë 4 %
Viti 4 %
Klinë 3 %
Kaçanik 2 %
Obiliq 2 %
Rahovec 2 %
Klokot 1 %
Skenderaj 1 %
Shtime 1 %
Kosovo total 18,738 1.1%

Politics

There are three Turkish political parties in Kosovo:

Notable Kosovo Turks

Ottoman architecture

See also the Mosque of Muderis Ali Efendi

See also

References

  1. ↑ http://esk.rks-gov.net/rekos2011/repository/flipbook/1/Te%20dhenat%20kryesore_ALB/#/0
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 OSCE 2010, 3.
  3. 1 2 Cole 2011, 368.
  4. 1 2 Today's Zaman. "Kosovo Turks' fear of Albanianization". Retrieved 2012-02-24.
  5. ↑ Elsie 2010, 276.
  6. ↑ Baltic 2007, 29.
  7. ↑ Mertus 1999, 316-317.
  8. ↑ Human Rights Watch 1993, 54.
  9. ↑ European Centre for minority Issues Kosovo 2012, 6.
  10. ↑ O'Neill 2002, 56.
  11. ↑ Kosovo Agency of Statistics. "Population by gender, ethnicity at settlement level". p. 12. Retrieved 2016-04-29.

Bibliography

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