UBE2Z

UBE2Z
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
Aliases UBE2Z, USE1, HOYS7, ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 Z
External IDs MGI: 1343160 HomoloGene: 11319 GeneCards: UBE2Z
Orthologs
Species Human Mouse
Entrez

65264

268470

Ensembl

ENSG00000159202

ENSMUSG00000014349

UniProt

Q9H832

Q3UE37

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_023079

NM_172300

RefSeq (protein)

NP_075567.2

NP_758504.3

Location (UCSC) Chr 17: 48.91 – 48.93 Mb Chr 11: 96.05 – 96.07 Mb
PubMed search [1] [2]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 Z (UBE2Z), also known as UBA6-specific E2 enzyme 1 (USE1), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the UBE2Z gene on chromosome 17.[3][4] It is ubiquitously expressed in many tissues and cell types.[5] UBE2Z is an E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme and participates in the second step of protein ubiquitination during proteolysis.[6] A genome-wide association study (GWAS) revealed the UBE2Z gene to be associated with chronic kidney disease.[7] The UBE2Z gene also contains one of 27 SNPs associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease.[8]

Structure

Gene

The UBE2Z gene resides on chromosome 17 at the band 17q21.32 and contains 7 exons.[3] This gene produces 2 isoforms through alternative splicing.[9] The UBE2Z cDNA spans a length of 3,054 base pairs.[10]

Protein

This protein belongs to the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme family and is one of the E2 enzymes.[9] UBE2Z spans 246 amino acids, 150 of which encode a conserved 16–18 kDa ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 domain (UBC domain) that is located at the enzyme’s N-terminal and responsible for the enzyme’s catalytic function. This UBC domain has a relatively inflexible β-sheet structure with flanking helices and contains a highly conserved cysteine residue, Cys80, which functions as an active site for the thiol ester formation with ubiquitin. UBE2Z also contains a C-terminal extension, suggested to participate in substrate binding, which is characteristic of a class II E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme.[10]

Function

The UBE2Z gene is ubiquitously expressed in human tissues, and its expression is relatively high in placenta, pancreas, spleen and testis. Notably, its expression in cancer tissues is much higher than in relevant normal tissues, especially in kidney, lymph node, colon and ovary cancer.[10] As an E2 member of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family, UBE2Z mainly participates in the second step of protein ubiquitination, which is a major component of protein degradation machinery.[11] Specifically, UBE2Z receives ubiquitin (Ub) from ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1), mediates the transfer of Ub from E2 to substrate, directly or indirectly with the help of ligase enzyme (E3), which interacts with the substrate and E2-Ub complex. UBE2Z could only be charged by Ub or FAT10 from UBA6 instead of UBA1, distinguishing it from other E2s.[12] [13]

Clinical significance

A study in genetic variants that regulate lipid metabolism and determine the susceptibility to dyslipidemia in Japanese individuals revealed that UBE2Z, together with ZPR1 and Interleukin-6R, may be important loci for hypertriglyceridemia.[14] Moreover, in a GWAS among 2247 Japanese individuals, 29 polymorphisms that were previously identified as susceptible loci for coronary artery disease were investigated to identify a correlation of these loci to chronic kidney disease.[15] This GWAS meta-analysis revealed through a chi-square test that rs46522 on the UBE2Z gene was significantly related to chronic kidney disease.[15]

Clinical marker

A multi-locus genetic risk score study based on a combination of 27 loci, including the UBE2Z gene, identified individuals at increased risk for both incident and recurrent coronary artery disease events, as well as an enhanced clinical benefit from statin therapy. The study was based on a community cohort study (the Malmo Diet and Cancer study) and four additional randomized controlled trials of primary prevention cohorts (JUPITER and ASCOT) and secondary prevention cohorts (CARE and PROVE IT-TIMI 22).[16]

References

  1. ↑ "Human PubMed Reference:".
  2. ↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:".
  3. 1 2 "UBE2Z ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 Z [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2016-10-10.
  4. ↑ Bialas J, Groettrup M, Aichem A (2015-01-01). "Conjugation of the ubiquitin activating enzyme UBE1 with the ubiquitin-like modifier FAT10 targets it for proteasomal degradation". PloS One. 10 (3): e0120329. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0120329. PMID 25768649.
  5. ↑ "BioGPS - your Gene Portal System". biogps.org. Retrieved 2016-10-10.
  6. ↑ Baarends WM, Roest HP, Grootegoed JA (May 1999). "The ubiquitin system in gametogenesis". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 151 (1-2): 5–16. PMID 10411315.
  7. ↑ Horibe H, Fujimaki T, Oguri M, Kato K, Matsuoka R, Abe S, Tokoro F, Arai M, Noda T, Watanabe S, Yamada Y (April 2015). "Association of a polymorphism of the interleukin 6 receptor gene with chronic kidney disease in Japanese individuals". Nephrology. 20 (4): 273–8. doi:10.1111/nep.12381. PMID 25524550.
  8. ↑ Mega JL, Stitziel NO, Smith JG, Chasman DI, Caulfield MJ, Devlin JJ, Nordio F, Hyde CL, Cannon CP, Sacks FM, Poulter NR, Sever PS, Ridker PM, Braunwald E, Melander O, Kathiresan S, Sabatine MS (June 2015). "Genetic risk, coronary heart disease events, and the clinical benefit of statin therapy: an analysis of primary and secondary prevention trials". Lancet. 385 (9984): 2264–71. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61730-X. PMID 25748612.
  9. 1 2 "UBE2Z - Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 Z - Homo sapiens (Human) - UBE2Z gene & protein". UniProt. Retrieved 2016-10-10.
  10. 1 2 3 Gu X, Zhao F, Zheng M, Fei X, Chen X, Huang S, Xie Y, Mao Y (September 2007). "Cloning and characterization of a gene encoding the human putative ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2Z (UBE2Z)". Molecular Biology Reports. 34 (3): 183–8. doi:10.1007/s11033-006-9033-7. PMID 17160626.
  11. ↑ Baarends WM, Roest HP, Grootegoed JA (May 1999). "The ubiquitin system in gametogenesis". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 151 (1-2): 5–16. PMID 10411315.
  12. ↑ Jin J, Li X, Gygi SP, Harper JW (June 2007). "Dual E1 activation systems for ubiquitin differentially regulate E2 enzyme charging". Nature. 447 (7148): 1135–8. doi:10.1038/nature05902. PMID 17597759.
  13. ↑ Aichem A, Pelzer C, Lukasiak S, Kalveram B, Sheppard PW, Rani N, Schmidtke G, Groettrup M (4 May 2010). "USE1 is a bispecific conjugating enzyme for ubiquitin and FAT10, which FAT10ylates itself in cis". Nature Communications. 1: 13. doi:10.1038/ncomms1012. PMID 20975683.
  14. ↑ Abe S, Tokoro F, Matsuoka R, Arai M, Noda T, Watanabe S, Horibe H, Fujimaki T, Oguri M, Kato K, Minatoguchi S, Yamada Y (October 2015). "Association of genetic variants with dyslipidemia". Molecular Medicine Reports. 12 (4): 5429–36. doi:10.3892/mmr.2015.4081. PMID 26238946.
  15. 1 2 Horibe H, Fujimaki T, Oguri M, Kato K, Matsuoka R, Abe S, Tokoro F, Arai M, Noda T, Watanabe S, Yamada Y (April 2015). "Association of a polymorphism of the interleukin 6 receptor gene with chronic kidney disease in Japanese individuals". Nephrology. 20 (4): 273–8. doi:10.1111/nep.12381. PMID 25524550.
  16. ↑ Mega JL, Stitziel NO, Smith JG, Chasman DI, Caulfield MJ, Devlin JJ, Nordio F, Hyde CL, Cannon CP, Sacks FM, Poulter NR, Sever PS, Ridker PM, Braunwald E, Melander O, Kathiresan S, Sabatine MS (June 2015). "Genetic risk, coronary heart disease events, and the clinical benefit of statin therapy: an analysis of primary and secondary prevention trials". Lancet. 385 (9984): 2264–71. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61730-X. PMID 25748612.
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