Ulmus 'Tortuosa'

Ulmus

'Tortuosa', Edinburgh
Cultivar 'Tortuosa'
Origin Europe

The elm cultivar Ulmus 'Tortuosa', the Wiggly Elm, was described by Host (1827) as Ulmus tortuosa,[1][2] and distinguished by Henry from Loddiges' and Loudon's U. tortuousa, which he identified with Ulmus 'Modiolina', "l'orme tortillard" of France. Henry noted, however, that abnormal sinuous or zigzagging growth "might occur in any kind of elm",[3] and herbarium specimens of elms labelled 'Tortuosa' range from U. minor cultivars to U. glabra (see External links below); while a hybrid elm cultivar from Louveigné, Belgium, with twisted trunk and large leaves, was described by Aigret in 1905 as var. tortuosa.[4]

Description

The tree as described by Host had a trunk and branches that zig-zag. He added that it is the only elm that grows freely from cuttings.[5][2]

Cultivation

Upper section of 'Tortuosa' trunk, Edinburgh (2016)

No authoritatively identified specimens are known to survive.

Notable trees

U. glabra or U. × hollandica forms

Lower section of trunk

Charles Hovey, referring to a tree (possibly 'Tortuosa') in the grounds of Messrs. Hovey & Co., Boston, wrote in 1876: "An elm forming one of a long row, near our daily walk, is a never-failing source of pleasure the year round. It is what I might justly call the zig-zag, or, perhaps, serpent elm. The outline of the head, which is 60 feet (18 m) high, appears quite symmetrical; but the branches which form it run in every possible direction, like huge boa constrictors curled beneath the leaves. Yet these limbs contort and twist in a regular order of their own, and only in winter, except by close examination show their peculiar character."[6] Hovey procured trees from England, Scotland and France in 1844.[6]

An elm of this sort stands in Trinity, Edinburgh, beside South Trinity Rd, in a position that suggests deliberate planting.[note 1] A slow-growing tree (girth 1.3 m, height c.15 m), its ascending trunk zigzigs over twenty times; its branches, some pendulous, also zigzag. Its leaves and bark suggest an Ulmus glabra mutation. The former, on slender shoots, have very short petioles. The tree appears, however, to sucker lightly (not a feature of U. glabra): a second identical but smaller tree stands nearby, as well as apparent sucker growth.[7] The largish leaves and light suckering point to hybrid origin, and suggest that the tree may be identical to the U. × hollandica 'Modiolina' grown at Kew and the 'Modiolina' introduced to USA. Like the latter, which "produces few seeds, and in some years none at all", the Edinburgh tree has not been observed to produce seed,[8] and like l'orme tortillard it has frequent 'bosses' on trunk and branches, which sprout epicormic shoots.

U. minor forms

Two sinuous or zigzagging dwarf-elms (5 m tall) of the U. minor group stand in Calton Hill Park, Edinburgh's oldest public park, above the old Royal High School. U. minor is not native to Scotland, so these trees appear to be cultivars of the 'Tortuosa' type.

Notes

  1. ↑ The presence nearby of old U. pumila 'Pendula' above the same former railway cutting confirms that rare cultivars were planted in this location.

References

  1. ↑ Host, Nicolaus Thomas (1827). Flora Austriaca. 1. p. 330.
  2. 1 2 Nicholson, George (1888). The illustrated dictionary of gardening. 8. p. 120.
  3. ↑ Elwes, Henry John; Henry, Augustine (1913). The Trees of Great Britain & Ireland. 7. pp. 1894–1895.
  4. ↑ "Famille XV – Ulmacées". Annales des travaux publics de Belgique. 62: 1226. 1905.
  5. ↑ Green, Peter Shaw (1964). "Registration of cultivar names in Ulmus" (PDF). Arnoldia. Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University. 24 (6–8): 41–80. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  6. 1 2 Hovey, Charles Mason (1876). "Arboretum americanum". The Gardener's monthly and horticulturist. 18: 194.
  7. ↑ Google Maps: South Trinity Rd - Google Maps, accessdate: August 15, 2016
  8. ↑ Browne, Daniel Jay (1851). The Trees of America. New York: Harper & Brothers. p. 481.
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