Vermilacinia polymorpha

Vermilacinia polymorpha
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Lecanorales
Family: Ramalinaceae
Genus: Vermilacinia
Species: V. polymorpha
Binomial name
Vermilacinia polymorpha
(Bowler, Marsh, Nash & Riefner 1994) Spjut (1996)

Vermilacinia polymorpha is a fruticose lichen infrequently found on Santa Catalina Island in the Channel Islands of California and along the mainland coast in Ventura and Orange counties. It has also been indicated to occur south into northwestern Baja California without reference to specimens to support its range extension,[1] and shown to occur on the Vizcaíno Peninsula in central Baja California on a distribution map in a lichen flora, without reference to specimen data;[2] however, specimen data from other sources indicate it does occur as far south as Punta Santa Rosalillita on the main peninsula of Baja California.,[3] and also reported from Guadalupe Island[4]

Distinguishing features

Vermilacinia polymorpha may be recognized by a thallus divided into partly strap-like branches with irregularly widened parts, somewhat spoon-shaped, as shown in a “representative specimen” in the original publication by Peter Bowler and coauthors[1] reportedly collected by Richard E. Riefner, Jr. (87-61a, IRVC)[5] from Aliso Canyon in Orange County, California. The authors had noted that the species “most closely resembles a deformed N. robusta which has smaller spores of 10–12 µm, inflated, rounded branches, and larger urn-shaped apothecia.” Richard Spjut, in his revision of Niebla and Vermilacinia,[6] indicated that V. polymorpha is distinguished by the “oblong branches (less than 10 times longer than wide)”; he commented that some forms were difficult to distinguish from Vermilacinia robusta, while he was only able to briefly glance at the type while visiting Arizona State University in April 1996,[6] and that it is also distinguished by its smaller thallus with irregularly widened branches, compared to Vermilacinia paleoderma.[7]

The type (biology) specimen, which was not shown in the original publication, was reported to have been collected by Janet Marsh on Santa Catalina Island[1] (Marsh 6206, ASU[8]). It differs in having irregularly widened branch parts near thallus base and narrower tubular segments above. The branches in the type specimen appear as long as 3 cm,[9] and described to be up to 6 mm wide where flattened, especially flattened or inflated near base.[1]

Taxonomic History

The species was originally described in the genus Niebla in 1994[10] and transferred to Vermilacinia in 1996,[6] but retained in Niebla by Peter Bowler and Janet Marsh in a 2004 lichen flora. Vermilacinia differs from Niebla in its chemistry of terpenes.,[11] none of which are found in Niebla,[12] in the structure of its cortex",[13] and in its net-like organization of the hyphae in the medulla.[11]

Besides the controversy of whether Niebla polymorpha is a synonym of Vermilacinia polymorpha, the geographical occurrences of the species itself (V. polymorpha) are also subject to interpretation since many specimens were identified by many different authorities as referenced in this article, and that specimens were not always cited to substantiate the range of the species indicated at the time of publication.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Bowler, P. A., R. E. Riefner, Jr., P. W. Rundel, J. Marsh & T.H. Nash, III. 1994. New species of Niebla (Ramalinaceae) from western North America. Phytologia 77: 23–37.
  2. ↑ Bowler, P. and J. Marsh. 2004. Niebla. ‘Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert 2’:368–380.
  3. ↑ World Botanical Associates, Vermilacinia subgenus Vermilacinia, retrieved 26 Nov 2014. http://www.worldbotanical.com/vermilacinia_subgenus_vermilacinia.htm[]
  4. ↑ Consortium of North American Lichen Herbaria, retrieved 26 Nov 2014, http://lichenportal.org/portal/taxa/index.php?taxon=55407&taxauthid=1
  5. ↑ IRCV is a standard acronym for the University of California, Irvine Herbarium, where the specimen collected by Richard Riefner Jr, numbered 87-51a) is deposited, the herbarium also listed in Index Herbariorum
  6. 1 2 3 Spjut, R. W. 1996. Niebla and Vermilacinia (Ramalinaceae) from California and Baja California. Sida Miscellany 14
  7. ↑ Spjut, R. 2000. Notes on the lichen Vermilacinia polymorpha (Ramalinaceae) and related species in Baja California, Mexico. IV. Symposium on botany research in Baja California and adjacent areas. Ensenada, B.C. Mexico, Sep. 13–17. Poster presentation
  8. ↑ ASU is a standard acronym for Arizona State University Herbarium, in regard to where the type specimen collected by Janet Marsh was deposited, her collection number 6206
  9. ↑ Image of holotype for Niebla polymorpha (=Vermlacinia polymorpha), Consortium of North American Lichen Herbaria, Robin Schoeninger, retrieved 25 Nov 2014, http://lichenportal.org/portal/imagelib/photographers.php?phuid=5&imgcnt=64
  10. ↑ Bowler, P. A., R. E. Riefner, Jr., P. W. Rundel, J. Marsh & T.H. Nash, III. 1994. New species of Niebla (Ramalinaceae) from western North America. Phytologia 77: 23–37.
  11. 1 2 Spjut, R. W. 1995. Vermilacinia (Ramalinaceae, Lecanorales), a new genus of lichens. In: Flechten Follmann; Contr. Lichen in honor of Gerhard Follmann; F. J. A. Daniels, M. Schulz & J. Peine, eds., Koeltz Scientific Books: Koenigstein, pp. 337-351.
  12. ↑ Wright, D. 1995. A Simplified TLC Method, Bull. Calif. Lichen Soc.2.
  13. ↑ Bowler, P.A. 1981. Cortical diversity in the Ramalinaceae. Canad. J. Bot. 59: 437–453.
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