Victor Skumin

Victor Skumin
Виктор Андреевич Скумин

Skumin in 2016
Born (1948-08-30) 30 August 1948
Pensa Oblast, RSFSR, Soviet Union
Residence Soviet Union, Russian Federation
Nationality Soviet, Russian
Fields Psychiatry, psychotherapy, psychology, philosophy
Institutions Kiev Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery (ru), Kharkiv Medical Academy of Post-graduate Education, Kharkiv State Academy of Culture, The World Organisation of Culture of Health (Moscow)
Alma mater Kharkiv National Medical University
Known for Skumin syndrome

Victor Andreevich Skumin (Russian: Ви́ктор Андреевич Ску́мин, born 30 August 1948) is a Russian and Soviet scientist, psychiatrist, psychotherapist and psychologist.

After graduating from the Kharkiv National Medical University in 1973, in 1976, he became a psychotherapist in Kiev Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery. In 1978, he described a new disease, the Skumin syndrome. He introduced a method of psychotherapy and self-improvement based on optimistic autosuggestion for psychological rehabilitation of cardiosurgical patients (1979).

From 1980 to 1990, he was professor of psychotherapy at the Kharkiv Medical Academy of Post-graduate Education. The main result of his scientific activity was the discovery of the "syndrome of the neurotic phantom of somatic disease" and a "concept of the mental constituent of a chronic somatic disease".

From 1990 to 1994, Skumin held positions as Professor by the Chair of Psychology and Pedagogy, and Professor by the Chair of Physical Education and Health life at the Kharkiv State Academy of Culture. In 1994, he was elected to the post of the President-founder of the World Organisation of Culture of Health (Moscow). In 1995, Skumin became the first editor-in-chief of the journal To Health via Culture. He is known for inventing a popular term "Culture of Health" (1968).

Besides psychiatry and psychology, Skumin writes on healthy lifestyle, yoga, and philosophy. He co-authored series of illustrated books and articles on Living Ethics, Rerikhism, Russian cosmism, Transhumanism, and New Age. He wrote books of fiction and lyrics for several songs.

Early life and education

Kharkiv National Medical University

Victor Skumin[1] was born on 30 August 1948 in Penza Oblast, RSFSR, where his father – Andrew Skumin (Russian: Андре́й Ску́мин) – was an officer of MGB of the USSR.[2][3] After the birth of Victor, the family moved to the city of Kazan, where his father was appointed to the post of Chairman of the Military Tribunal of the Internal Troops of the Volga Military District.[4] The family many times moved from one city to another, where Andrew Skumin was appointed to a new post; one of these cities was Chelyabinsk.[5] For this reason, he studied in various educational institutions.[6]

Skumin studied medicine at the Kharkiv National Medical University. The history of the higher medical school in Kharkiv is more than 200 years long and closely connected with the history of Vasily Karazin Kharkiv National University, because it sprang from its Medical Faculty. The University – the oldest University of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union – was founded in 1804, a decree about its foundation was signed by the Russian Tsar Alexander I, and the first Statutes of the University were approved at that time. In the Kharkiv University were laid high scientific standards. Its history is connected with the names of the Nobel Laureates – Lev Landau, Simon Kuznets, Élie Metchnikoff – and other distinguished scientists.[7][8]

Skumin graduated the Medical University in 1973 with diploma with honours.[2] In 1968, when he was still a medical student, he proposed the term ″Culture of Health″ (Russian: ″Культу́ра Здоро́вья″[9][10]), which has become widespread.[11][12][13] The main task of a Culture of Health is to implement innovative health programs that support a holistic approach to physical, mental and spiritual well-being.[2][14]

Contribution to psychiatry and psychotherapy

Cardiac surgery

He researched from 1976 to 1980 psychological and psychiatric problems of cardiac surgery under the mentorship of Nikolai Amosov,[15] who was the founder and first director of the Kiev Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery. This Institute was the first to conduct surgical treatment of heart diseases in the Ukrainian SSR (since 1955), the Institute began to conduct operations with extracorporeal circulation (1958), and mitral valve replacements (1963). In 1961, Amosov was awarded Lenin Prize for the work of surgery.[16][17]

Since a valve replacement is a heart surgical procedure, it requires placing the patient on cardiopulmonary bypass. With a valve replacement surgery, there are some risks. Skumin researched a neuropsychological and psychopathologic changes following open heart surgery, nonpsychotic mental disorders in patients with valvular heart disease before and after surgery, associated with mechanical artificial heart valve (MHV) implant.[18]

Total Artificial Heart beside a human heart.

An artificial heart valve is a device implanted in the heart of a patient with valvular heart disease, congenital heart defect, etc. When one or two of the four heart valves malfunctions, the medical choice may be to replace the natural valve with an artificial valve. There are three major types of mechanical valves with many modifications on these designs. This requires open heart surgery. The mechanical valves are made from metal and pyrolytic carbon, and can last a lifetime. All MHV function in the human body creating a unique sound effects and vibration. Patients with mechanical valves must take blood-thinning medications to prevent clotting. The choice of which valve type to use depends upon the patient's age, medical condition, preferences with medication, and lifestyle.[19] Skumin syndrome (Russian: Синдро́м Ску́мина[20]) was described by Skumin in 1978 as a "cardioprosthetic psychopathological syndrome",[21] associated with mechanical heart valve implant and manifested by irrational fear, anxiety, depression and sleep disorder. This syndrome is often accompanied by asthenia.[22][23][24] Alain Carpentier – a member of the French Academy of Sciences and the head the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery at the Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou in Paris – believed in 2011 that Skumin syndrome develops in a quarter of the patients with an artificial heart valve.[25] It is possible that a similar problem arises in the conduct of operations to implement an artificial heart.[26][27]

The Russia's international news agency «RIA Novosti», operating under the purview of the Russian Ministry of Communications and Mass Media, wrote about this problem (2014),[28]

Victor Skumin, our domestic scientist, described "cardioprosthetic psychopathologic syndrome", which entered the textbooks as "Skumin syndrome". The human mind is constantly fixed on the motor is running. For example, in contrast to prosthetic of teeth, arms or legs, it is not possible to divert attention of human from the sounds of functioning implant in his body. Person is constantly waiting for a suddenly the motor will stop? In the human heart the pain gives signals. Here there is no pain and can not to be. In the future, probably, there will be heart prostheses, imitating his heartbeat. But they will not be hurt, and Skumin syndrome will continue to hang over the human psyche with a heart valve prosthesis.

The methods and the main principles of such therapy and neuropsychological rehabilitation are described and its efficacy was demonstrated.[29][30] Skumin proposed mixture subsequently named after him. Skumin’s mixture (Russian: Миксту́ра Ску́мина[31]) is a medicine with a sedative effect, affecting the central nervous system. It is used to treat Skumin syndrome, light forms of heart failure, anxiety and sleep disorders, and asthenia. The medicine is known to be well tolerated, with no contra-indications, except sensitivity. The formula contains Adonis vernalis, Crataegus, Valerian root, Leonurus cardiaca, Eucalyptus, Peppermint, and Rose hip.[32]

For psychological rehabilitation, Skumin improved psychological function by calming the nervous system, enhancing relaxation, increasing body awareness and decreasing general anxiety.[23][33]

Sitting meditation posture
Lying down meditation posture

In 1979, Skumin created a special modification of mind control method for psychological rehabilitation of cardiosurgical patients.[34][35] This method is based on autogenic training. Autogenic training is a relaxation technique developed by the psychiatrist Johannes Heinrich Schultz. He emphasized parallels to techniques in yoga and meditation. It is a method for influencing one's autonomic nervous system. The technique involves the daily practice of sessions that last around 15 minutes, usually in the morning, at lunch time, and in the evening. During each session, the practitioner will repeat a set of visualisations that induce a state of relaxation. Each session can be practiced in a position chosen amongst a set of recommended postures.[36]

The technique of the Skumin mind control method (Russian: "Психотре́нинг по Ску́мину"[37]) involves the use of two standard postures: sitting meditation and lying down meditation. This method of psychotraining includes five psychological exercises: the first is "the relaxation", the second one is "the warming", the third one is "the zero gravity", the fourth one is "the target autosuggestion", and the fifth exercise is "the psychological activation". Each session contain explanation of the theory and practice of each new exercise as it is reached. The therapeutic effect is achieved by the neutralization of traumatic emotional experiences and the progressive reorganization of the psychic structures to include previously unacceptable mental contents, too.[38][39] This method of psychotherapy has found application in medical practice, in particular in the treatment of phobias, headaches, etc.[40][41]

Skumin's priority on the description of this syndrome and the establishment of effective methods of treatment and rehabilitation of cardiosurgical patients confirmed Nikolai Amosov and Yakov Bendet,[42] Alain Carpentier,[43][44] and many others.[23][45][46][47] The Higher Attestation Commission under the USSR Council of Ministers awarded him for this research study the degree of Candidate of Sciences (1980).[48] It is a first post-graduate scientific degree in some former Eastern Bloc countries.

Gastroenterology

From 1980 to 1990, he worked as professor of psychotherapy at the Kharkiv Medical Academy of Post-graduate Education. During this period Skumin investigated borderline mental disorders in chronic diseases of the digestive system in children and adolescents.[3][49]

Diagnostic intervention

A most significant life event in the first years of life is a disease, especially if it is of early onset, severe, life-threatening, with an uncertain prognosis, and with the necessity of frequent diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Psychological implications are a significant part of the illness, not a marginal component; they can affect prognosis and outcome. Various laboratory tests, physical examinations, and surgeries on these individuals show no evidence supporting the idea that these exaggerating symptoms are present.[50][51]

In particular, Skumin studied the patients, aged from 6 to 17, suffering from diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Most of them have revealed a negative psychological attitude to the dietotherapy they received. A system of special measures has been developed including three main elements: (1) psychotherapeutic mediation of dietotherapy before its administration and in the process of the therapy; (2) creation of the psychologic attitude to the diet adherence; (3) alteration of the patient's taste stereotype. Realization of such measures has been conducive to higher effectiveness of the dietotherapy.[52]

Based on studies into the mental sphere of gastroenterological patients, he systematized borderline neurotic and personality disorders on the clinical and etiopathogenetic basis. He studied the psychosocial problems that may affect children or teenagers who have the chronic gastrointestinal disease. A system of measures aimed at early diagnosis, correction, therapy and prophylaxis of borderline conditions and psychosocial readaptation of patients is scientifically based. The main result of his scientific activity was the discovery of the "syndrome of the neurotic phantom of somatic disease"[53] (a specific psychopathological complex of symptoms) and a "concept of the mental constituent of a chronic somatic disease".[54][55][56]

Skumin defended his doctoral thesis in Moscow at the Serbsky State Scientific Center for Social and Forensic Psychiatry (1988). The Higher Attestation Commission awarded him for this research study the degree of Doktor Nauk in Medicine (Doctor of Medical Sciences – Dr.scient.med.).[57] It is a higher doctoral degree which may be earned after the Candidate of Sciences (which is informally regarded in Russia and many other post-Soviet states as equivalent to PhD obtained in countries in which PhD is not the highest academic degree).

Kharkiv State Academy of Culture

Culture of Health and other contributions

From 1990 to 1994, Skumin held positions as Professor by the Chair of Psychology and Pedagogy, and Professor by the Chair of Physical Education and Health life at the Kharkiv State Academy of Culture.[58] Skumin completed research of theoretical and practical issues of culture of health, which he developed throughout his scientific and pedagogical activity. These methods, he has introduced in the training course for the students of the Academy: "The Foundations of a Culture of Health."[2][3][59]

Symbol of Rerikhism: the Pax per Cultura, the true culture being the "Cult of Light", the all-pervading Fire (Agni).[60]

His scientific and pedagogical work Skumin combine with a social activity. In 1994, he was elected to the post of the President-founder of the World Organisation of Culture of Health (WOCH) — International social movement "To Health via Culture" (Russian: Междунаро́дное обще́ственное Движе́ние «К Здоро́вью че́рез Культу́ру»).[58] Coat of arms of the WOCH contain a symbol of Rerikhism.[61]

The organization operates in accordance with the registered in Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation Charter. Key element of a Culture of Health is implement innovative health programs that support a holistic approach to physical, mental and spiritual well-being both inside and outside the workplace.[3][62][63]

In the Russian Orthodox Church the social activities of this international organization qualifies as an ideology of the Living Ethics and New Age (NA),[64][65]

The ideology of the NA serves outstanding contemporary philosophers: Gregory Bateson, Ken Wilber, Paul Feyerabend. On a grand scale is the creation and support of international organizations, contained in the ideology of the NA. In Russia and in Ukraine, International movement "To Health via Culture", based on the teachings of Agni Yoga, operates and has a great publishing activity.
Two philosophers greatly influenced the New Age movement: Helena Blavatsky (left) and Helena Roerich (right)

The relationship between the Skumin's doctrine and Rerikhism is also confirmed by some scientists, such as Goraschuk V. P., Professor of H.S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University. In 2004, he wrote in his thesis for a Doctor’s degree on speciality "general pedagogics and history of pedagogics",[66]

V. Skumìn developed the problems associated with a culture of health in the context of philosophy of Roerich.

Living Ethics (Agni Yoga) is a philosophical teaching which embraces all sides of being—from cosmological problems, down to daily human life. This teaching is based on the books written by Helena and Nicholas Roerich in the first half of the 20th century.[67] The New Age movement is a spiritual movement that developed in Western nations during the 1970s. The movement is characterised by a holistic view of the cosmos, a belief in an emergent Age of Aquarius an emphasis on self-spirituality and the authority of the self, a focus on healing (particularly with alternative therapies).[68][69]

Professor Verhorubova and professor Lobanova from Tomsk State Pedagogical University argued (2012) that in accordance with the concept of a culture of health, proposed by Skumin, the culture – spiritual, mental, and physical – determines the status of human health. And health – spiritual, mental, physical – is a prerequisite for achieving a higher level of culture.[70]

The essence of the teachings of the culture of health, reveals professor of University of Luhansk N. Gribok. He wrote at 2009,[71]

Russian Professor Skumin insists on the fact that the culture of health should be considered as an integral part of the spiritual culture and the moral culture, culture of labour and culture of recreation, culture of personality and culture of relationships. According to the scientist, the culture of health is not only the mechanical connection of the two concepts—the concept of ″culture″ and the concept of ″health″. This is their synthesis, which forms a new quality, a new content. Skumin examines the culture of health as the specific science, that develops the theoretical and practical tasks of harmonious development of the spiritual, mental, and physical human force, forming of optimum environment, which provides a higher level of creativity of life. Thus, Skumin argues that the culture of health is a separate science, that creates new content. The main challenge of culture of health is the development of spiritual, mental and physical capabilities of man.

The Culture of Health means recognizing health’s central importance in the lives. Expounding the philosophical aspects of his Doctrine of Culture of Health, Skumin referred to the works of Helena Blavatsky, Helena and Nicholas Roerich, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, and Alexander Chizhevsky.[3][72][73] In some of his publications, he argues that the Culture of Health will play an important role in the creation of a human spiritual society into the Solar System.[9][74][75]

Symbol of Theosophical Society incorporated the Swastika, Star of David, Ankh, Aum and Ouroboros symbols.
The Culture of Health is the basic science about Spiritual Humanity. It studies the perspectives of harmonious development of "Spiritual man" and "Spiritual ethnos" as a conscious creator of the State of Light into the territory of the Solar System" (by Skumin).

He elaborated on the theosophical conceptions of spiritual evolution and proposed (1990) a classification of Homo spiritalis (Latin: "spiritual man"), the sixth root race, consisting of eight sub-races (subspecies) – HS0 Anabiosis spiritalis, HS1 Scientella spiritalis, HS2 Aurora spiritalis, HS3 Ascensus spiritalis, HS4 Vocatus spiritalis, HS5 Illuminatio spiritalis, НS6 Creatio spiritalis, and HS7 Servitus spiritalis.[76][77]

Literary and publishing activities

Skumin wrote several books of fiction, and also essays.[78][79][80][81][82][83][84]

He is the author of music and lyrics of several songs.[85][86] Among them:

  1. Anthem "The Heart". In Agni Yoga and Rerikhism the heart is the main organ of the human body, his spiritual Sun.[87] Helena Roerich special emphasis is placed on the fires in the heart center and the Chalice, or the Anahata chakra, which is behind the heart.[86][88]
  2. Anthem "To Health via Culture". The anthem consists of four stanzas. The capital letters each of the four stanzas form the word AGNI. (Anthem "To Health via Culture." on YouTube)[86]
  3. Anthem "Urusvati". Helena Roerich, known as the Tara Urusvati in Agni Yoga and Rerikhism. The hymn begins with the phrase: "the fire of the heart ignites Urusvati, she teaches the spirit take-off on the wings of the grace".[86]
  4. Anthem "Shambhala". In Tibetan Buddhism and Living Ethics Shambhala is a kingdom hidden somewhere in Inner Asia. It is mentioned in various ancient texts, including the Kalachakra Tantra[89] and the ancient texts of the Zhang Zhung culture which predated Tibetan Buddhism in western Tibet.[86]
  5. Anthem "Morya". Morya is one of the "Masters of the Ancient Wisdom" within modern Theosophical beliefs.[90] He is one of the Mahatmas who inspired the founding of the Theosophical Society and was engaged in a correspondence with two English Theosophists living in India, Alfred Sinnett and Allan Hume. The Master Morya will physically incarnate in order to be the Manu ("progenitor") of the new root race.[86][91]
  6. Anthem "Ur". In the Vedas, and Living Ethics Ur or Aditi ("limitless")[92] is mother of the gods and all twelve zodiacal spirits from whose cosmic matrix the heavenly bodies were born. As celestial mother of every existing form and being, the synthesis of all things, she is associated with space and with mystic speech.
  7. Anthem "Agni". Agni, the Vedic and Living Ethics God of Fire, one marks immortality and the symbol of life. Agni is one of the supreme gods in the Rigveda.[93] In Agni Yoga it is the Creative Fire of the Universe, the root of the "Fire of Space"; and "psychic energy", the powers of the human mind and heart, particularly those manifesting in love, thought, and creativity.[86][94]
  8. Anthem "The Sun". In the Skumin's doctrine of the culture of health and in the Agni Yoga, the Sun has a wealth of potential for spiritual, mental and physical evolution of human society and all other kingdoms of nature in the Solar System.[86]

In 1995, Skumin became the first editor-in-chief (EIC) of the journal To Health via Culture. This journal of the World Organisation of Culture of Health (″World Health Culture Organization″) received an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) 0204-3440. The main topics of the magazine are the dissemination of ideas of Culture of Health, holistic medicine, and Rerikhism.[95][96]

The Organization also has its own publishing house ("To Health via Culture"), who has the right to publish the books with the International Standard Book Number (ISBN).[61]

Skumin wrote many books and articles on a variety medical and spiritual topics advocating a holistic approach to health. He is the author or co-author of a series illustrated books on the culture of health, yoga, and Rerikhism. He extols the value of spirituality.[97][98]

Selected bibliography

Trivia

Skumin at the grave of George de Roerich at the Novodevichy Cemetery in 2014

See also

References

  1. ↑ "How To Pronounce Victor Skumin". pronouncekiwi. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Professor Victor A. Skumin". Kult-zdor.ru. Archived from the original on 10 April 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "Victor Skumin". biblmdkz.ru. Archived from the original on 17 April 2016. Retrieved 24 September 2015.
  4. ↑ Litvin, Alter (2002). "Японские военнопленные: спецлагерь на Каме" [Japanese prisoners of war: special camp on the Kama river]. Gasyrlar avazy=Ėkho vekov. 3/4. ISSN 2073-7483. OCLC 33252147. Archived from the original on 12 October 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  5. ↑ "Современная история Челябинского гарнизонного военного суда (военного трибунала)" [The modern history of the Chelyabinsk garrison military court (military tribunal)]. chgvs.chel.sudrf.ru. Archived from the original on 2 February 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
  6. ↑ "Биография Скумин, Виктор Андреевич" [Victor Andreevich Skumin]. obook.ru. Archived from the original on 17 April 2016. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
  7. ↑ "Kharkov National University (Official Site)". Univer. Kharkov.en. Archived from the original on 17 April 2016. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
  8. ↑ "Kharkov National Medical University". Knmu.kharkov.ua. Archived from the original on 17 April 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  9. 1 2 "Культура здоровья" [Culture of health]. allll.net. Archived from the original on 17 April 2016. Retrieved 19 September 2015.
  10. ↑ "The Culture of Health". thecultureofhealth.org. Archived from the original on 17 April 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
  11. ↑ "Culture of Health". Unsystem.edu. Archived from the original on 17 April 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
  12. ↑ Kovaleva E. A. (2009). "Педагогический совет. Культура здоровья учащихся как фактор здоровьесберегающей среды школы. Слайд 6" [Pedagogical Council. Slide 6 of the presentation "culture of health" to the lessons of physical education on the theme the "Health"]. 900igr.net. Archived from the original on 18 April 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  13. ↑ Mojseûk V. P. (2012). "Современные подходы к изучению феномена культуры здоровья" [Modern approach to the study of the phenomenon of Culture of Health]. intkonf.org. Archived from the original on 3 October 2012. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
  14. ↑ "Culture of Health". Jnj.com. Archived from the original on 17 April 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  15. ↑ "Ukrainian doctors which changed the world". Ukraine.ui.ua. Archived from the original on 2 February 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  16. ↑ "History of the Institute". Amosovinstitute.org.ua. Archived from the original on 17 April 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  17. ↑ "Амосов первым провёл протезирование клапана сердца" [Amosov was the first Soviet surgeon, who held heart valve replacement]. Kiev: Телеканал «24»: Tell about Ukraine. 7 December 2013. Archived from the original on 11 October 2015. Retrieved 23 January 2015.
  18. ↑ Kondyukova N.V.; Rutkovskaya N.V.; Barbarash O.L. (2015). "Качество жизни – интегральный показатель эффективности лечения, возможности его использования у пациентов с пороками клапанов сердца" [Quality of life as an integral indicator of successful treatment, opportunities of its use in patients with valvular heart disease]. Сибирский медицинский журнал (Иркутск). p. 38. ISSN 1815-7572. Archived from the original on 14 March 2016. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
  19. ↑ Sundt, Thoralf M. "Mitral Valve Repair". The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Archived from the original on 17 April 2016. Retrieved 10 October 2015.
  20. ↑ "Синдром Скумина" [Skumin syndrome]. allll.net. Archived from the original on 18 April 2016. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  21. ↑ Bobina, L. A. (2010). "Синдром Скумина как нозологическая форма" [The Skumin syndrome as a nosological form]. To Health via Culture. 18: 22–36. ISSN 0204-3440. OCLC 70966742. Archived from the original on 18 April 2016. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
  22. ↑ "Skumin syndrome". Kult-zdor.ru. Archived from the original on 18 April 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  23. 1 2 3 Ruzza, Andrea (16 October 2013). "Nonpsychotic mental disorder after open heart surgery. Asian Cardiovascular and Thoracic Annals". Aan.sagepub.com. Archived from the original on 4 October 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  24. ↑ Skumin, V. A. (1982). Nepsikhoticheskie narusheniia psikhiki u bol'nykh s priobretennymi porokami serdtsa do i posle operatsii (obzor) [Nonpsychotic mental disorders in patients with acquired heart defects before and after surgery (review)]. Zhurnal nevropatologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova. 82. OCLC 112979417. Archived from the original on 18 April 2016. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
  25. ↑ "Encyclopédie médicale: Syndrome de Skumin". I-professionnel.com. Archived from the original on 18 April 2016. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
  26. ↑ "Искусственные сердца. Почему они так быстро останавливаются?" [Artificial hearts. Why are they stops so quick?]. progavrichenko.ru. 7 March 2014. Archived from the original on 18 April 2016. Retrieved 20 December 2014.
  27. ↑ "Искусственное сердце" [Artificial heart]. fsds.org.ua. 16 November 2010. Archived from the original on 18 April 2016. Retrieved 8 January 2015.
  28. ↑ Petukhov, Sergei (2014). Почему останавливаются искусственные сердца [Why the artificial hearts to doing the stops] (in Russian). Moscow: RIA Novosti: Legal alert. Archived from the original on 12 October 2015. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
  29. ↑ Skumin, V. A. (1980). Психотерапия и психопрофилактика в системе реабилитации больных с протезами клапанов сердца: Методические рекомендации [Psychotherapy and psychoprophylaxis in the rehabilitation of the patients with prosthetic heart valves: Methodical recommendations]. Kiev: Ministry of Healthcare of Ukrainian SSR. Archived from the original on 21 April 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
  30. ↑ Filatov, A. T.; Skumin, V. A. (1985). Психопрофилактика и психотерапия в кардиохирургии [Psychoprophylaxis and psychotherapy in cardiac surgery]. Kiev: Zdorovja: Medical Practitioners Library. Archived from the original on 21 April 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
  31. ↑ "Микстура Скумина" [Skumin’s mixture]. oriur.ru. Archived from the original on 21 April 2016. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
  32. ↑ "Микстура Скумина" [Skumin’s mixture]. allll.net. Archived from the original on 21 April 2016. Retrieved 10 October 2015.
  33. ↑ Bendet, Ya. A.; Morozov, S. M.; Skumin, V. A. (1980). "Psychological aspects of the rehabilitation of patients after the surgical treatment of heart defects" Psikhologicheskie aspekty reabilitatsii bol'nykh posle khirurgicheskogo lecheniia porokov serdtsa [Psychological aspects of the rehabilitation of patients after the surgical treatment of heart defects]. Kardiologiia. 20 (6): 45–51. OCLC 114137678. PMID 7392405.
  34. ↑ "Психотренинг по Скумину" [Skumin mind control method]. ru.science.wikia.com. Archived from the original on 21 April 2016. Retrieved 28 November 2014.
  35. ↑ Skumin, V. A. (1993). Искусство психотренинга и здоровье [The art of mind control for healthy lifestyle] (in Russian). Kharkiv: To Health via Culture. ISBN 5-86389-002-9. Archived from the original on 21 April 2016. Retrieved 14 January 2015.
  36. ↑ Stetter F, Kupper S (March 2002). "Autogenic training: a meta-analysis of clinicaloutcome studies". Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback. 27 (1): 45–98. doi:10.1023/A:1014576505223. PMID 12001885.
  37. ↑ "Психотренинг по Скумину" [Skumin mind control method]. allll.net. Archived from the original on 21 April 2016. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  38. ↑ "Психотренинг по Скумину" [Skumin mind control method]. progavrichenko.ru. Archived from the original on 21 April 2016. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
  39. ↑ Rivera, J. L. G. de (2001). "Autogenic Análisis: The tool Freud was looking for". International J. Psychotherapy. 6: 67–76. doi:10.1080/13569080124247. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 April 2016. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
  40. ↑ Skumin's doctrine of the culture of health: Phobias. Part 1 on YouTube (Russian)
  41. ↑ Skumin's doctrine of the culture of health: Headache. Part 1. on YouTube (Russian)
  42. ↑ Amosov, N. M.; Bendet, Ya. A. (1983). Терапевтические аспекты кардиохирургии [Therapeutic aspects of cardiac surgery] (in Russian). Kiev: Zdorovja. Archived from the original on 18 April 2016. Retrieved 20 January 2015.
  43. ↑ "About artificial heart". Heart For Your Soul. Archived from the original on 19 June 2012.
  44. ↑ Bizunkov, A. "Зачем человеку сердце" [What for a man need a heart]. Medvestnik.by. Archived from the original on 7 October 2015. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
  45. ↑ Bacherikov, N. E. (1989). Клиническая психиатрия [Clinical Psychiatry] (in Russian). Kiev: Zdorovja. p. 245. ISBN 5-311-00334-0. Archived from the original on 18 April 2016. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
  46. ↑ Mendelevich, V. D.; Solovieva, S. I. (2002). Неврозология и психосоматическая медицина [Neurotic disorder in psychosomatic medicine]. Moscow: psytopos.lviv.ua. pp. 505–6. ISBN 5-901712-27-7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 October 2015. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
  47. ↑ Šabrov, A. V.; Solovieva, S. I. (2010). Астенические расстройства в терапевтической практике. Руководство по диагностике и лечению [Asthenic disorder in therapeutic practice: A manual to diagnosis and treatment] (in Russian). Saint Petersburg: libed.ru/knigi-nauka. ISBN 978-5-904192-30-3. Archived from the original on 18 April 2016. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
  48. ↑ Skumin, V. A. (1980). Психотерапия и психопрофилактика в системе реабилитации больных с протезами клапанов сердца: Автореферат диссертации на соискание учёной степени кандидата медицинских наук [Psychotherapy and psychoprophylaxis in the rehabilitation of the patients with prosthetic heart valves: The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of the candidate of medical sciences] (in Russian). Kharkov: Ministry of Health of the USSR. p. 17. Archived from the original on 18 April 2016. Retrieved 10 October 2015.
  49. ↑ Skumin, V. A. (1984). "Borderline mental disorders in chronic diseases of the digestive system in children and adolescents" Pogranichnye psikhicheskie rasstroĭstva pri khronicheskikh bolezniakh pishchevaritel'noĭ sistemy u deteĭ i podrostkov. Zhurnal nevropatologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova (Moscow, Russia : 1952). 91: 81. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
  50. ↑ Skumin, V. A. (1984). "Deontology in the work of a pediatric hospital nurse" Deontologiia v rabote meditsinskoĭ sestry detskoĭ bol'nitsy [Deontology in the work of a pediatric hospital nurse]. Med Sestra. 43 (2): 59–61. OCLC 113171929. PMID 6561382.
  51. ↑ Belousov, Iu. V.; Skumin, V. A. (1986). "Psychotherapeutic aspects of the rehabilitation of children with chronic diseases of the digestive system" Psikhoterapevticheskie aspekty reabilitatsii deteĭ s khronicheskimi zabolevaniiami pishchevaritel'noĭ sistemy [Psychotherapeutic aspects of the rehabilitation of children with chronic diseases of the digestive system]. Pediatriia. 8 (8): 46–50. OCLC 116853253. PMID 3763350.
  52. ↑ Skumin, V. A. (1987). "Psychological aspects of diet therapy of children and adolescents suffering from digestive system diseases" Psikhologicheskie aspekty lechebnogo pitaniia deteĭ i podrostkov, stradaiushchikh bolezniami pishchevaritel'noĭ sistemy [Psychological aspects of diet therapy of children and adolescents suffering from digestive system diseases]. Voprosy Pitaniya (in Russian). Moscow (6): 26–9. OCLC 116648174. PMID 3439083.
  53. ↑ Skumin, V. A. (1991). Pogranichnye psikhicheskie rasstroĭstva pri khronicheskikh bolezniakh pishchevaritel'noĭ sistemy u deteĭ i podrostkov [Borderline mental disorders in chronic diseases of the digestive system in children and adolescents] (in Russian). Moscow: Zhurnal nevropatologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova. OCLC 117464823. Archived from the original on 26 April 2016. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
  54. ↑ Lukyanova, E. M.; Belousov, Yu. V.; Filatov, A. T.; Skumin, V. A. (1986). Использование психотерапии в комплексном лечении хронических заболеваний пищеварительной системы у детей: Mетодические рекомендации [The use of psychotherapy in the treatment of chronic diseases of the digestive system in children: Methodical recommendations]. Kiev: Ministry of Healthcare of Ukrainian SSR. Archived from the original on 26 April 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  55. ↑ Belousov, Yu. V.; Skumin, V. A. (1987). Психотерапия в детской гастроэнтерологии: Учебное пособие [Psychotherapy in Pediatric Gastroenterology: Tutorial]. Moscow: Ministry of Health of the USSR. Archived from the original on 26 April 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  56. ↑ "Психическая составляющая соматической болезни" [The mental constituent of a chronic somatic disease]. allll.net. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
  57. ↑ Skumin, V. A. (1988). Пограничные психические расстройства у детей и подростков с хроническими болезнями пищеварительной системы (клиника, систематика, лечение, психопрофилактика). Автореферат диссертации на соискание учёной степени доктора медицинских наук [Border mental disorders in children and adolescents with chronic diseases of the digestive system (clinic, systematics, treatment, psychoprophylaxis). The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of the doctor of medical sciences] (in Russian). Moscow: Ministry of Health of the USSR. Archived from the original on 26 April 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
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