Wickham
Coordinates: 50°54′N 1°11′W / 50.90°N 1.19°W
Wickham is a small village and civil parish in Hampshire, England, about three miles north of Fareham. At the 2001 census, it had a population of 4,816.
Wickham has a wide and well-proportioned square lined with historic buildings and is designated a conservation area.[1][2]
It was the fording place of the River Meon on the Roman road between Noviomagus Regnorum (Chichester) and Venta Belgarum (Winchester), and the inferred divergent point of the route to Clausentum (Bitterne). The Roman road from Wickham to Chichester is still followed today by local roads, passing behind Portsdown Hill to the north of Portsmouth Harbour and then onwards via Havant. In contrast, the route to Winchester is mostly likely lost through neglect in the Dark Ages, before present field patterns emerged.
There have been a reasonable number of sites identified nearby associated with Romano-British industry. These have mainly been pottery kilns focused around the limit of navigation of the River Hamble, near Botley. It is also here that a ford on the Clausentum road has been identified.
Wickham has occasionally been hypothesised as an alternative to Nursling (on the River Test) or Neatham (near Alton) for the Roman station Onna listed in the Antonine Itinerary. However, no definite location for Onna has been determined.
It was the birthplace of William of Wykeham, founder of Winchester College and New College, Oxford.[3]
The Admiralty Shutter Telegraph Line had a station at Wickham.
The village was an intermediate station on the Meon Valley Railway, a late Victorian route, until the line closed in 1955. At one time this railway was conceived as a direct route from London to the Isle of Wight. The closed line is now established as a cycle path and bridleway along the valley of the River Meon.
A traditional gypsy horse fair is held annually every 20 May ,or another day if a Sunday, in the village square.
History
Early Settlements
The Romans established a settlement at Wickham, on the road from the Roman centres of Chichester and Winchester. Iron works have been found northeast of the village, and various Roman finds to the southwest.
It was in Saxon Britain that the first written mention of the village appears, in a Royal Charter document dated 826. Recent excavation (1965–70) at the Manor House showed its grounds had dwellings and huts, evidence of Saxon settlement.
Post-Norman Conquest
After the Norman Conquest, King William granted the Manor of Wickham to Hugo de Port and the Village appeared in the Doomsday Book of 1086, as part of the Titchfield Hundred. The present church of St Nicholas dates from 1126 and was run by the Canons of Titchfield. In 1269, King Henry III granted a charter to Roger de Scures, the Lord of The Manor at the time, for markets to be held on a Thursday. It is from this time that the layout of the village as we now know it began to emerge.[4] Wickham also had a fair which attracted buyers and sellers from a wide area. Wickham fair (often referred to Wickham Horse Fair) is still held each year on 20 May.[5]
The Church of St Nicholas in Wickham was built in the early 12th century (although there has probably been a church on the site since the 7th century when the people of Hampshire were first converted to Christianity), however the church was largely rebuilt in the 19th century.[6]
Industrialisation and Victorian Wickham
In the 18th century, there was a tanning industry in Wickham and in the 18th and 19th centuries a brewing industry. Both needed a supply of fresh water, which was readily available from the River Meon. In 1801, Wickham had a population of 901 and compared to most of the villages in Hampshire it was a large community. In 1820, Chesapeake Mill was built with timber taken from an American ship USS Chesapeake, which was captured in the War of 1812. Sir Richard Grindall who commanded HMS Prince at the battle of Trafalgar is buried in Wickham churchyard.[7]
In 1903, a branch railway was built from Fareham through Wickham, to Droxford and Alton. It was closed to passengers in 1955 and the line converted to a footpath. The original station platforms can still be found.
In 1978, Wickham was twinned with the French village of Villiers-Sur-Mer. Wickham Vineyard opened in 1984.
In 1990, an old brewery and village hall in Wickham were converted into flats called Riverside Mews. The brewery shut in 1910 and the buildings were given to Wickham Parish Council to use as a village hall.[8]
Culture and Events
Wickham Festival
Farmland north of Wickham serves as the venue for the award winning[9] Wickham Festival, which is an annual 4-day music event. The first Wickham Festival was held from 3–6 August 2006 in the Community Centre and environs. Artists performing included Daby Blade from Senegal, Spiers and Boden, Los Pacaminos, Richard Thompson, Shooglenifty, Sparks, Oysterband, Fiddlers' Bid, Osibisa, Flook, Steeleye Span and The Larry Love Showband.
After briely moving to Stokes Bay in 2008 and 2009, the festival returned to Wickham in 2010, where it has remained ever since.[10] Wickham Festival has expanded over the years, and has featured performances from such artists as James Blunt, 10cc, Wilko Johnson, The Proclaimers, KT Tunstall, Hugh Cornwell and Lightning Seeds.[11]
Taste Of Wickham
Taste of Wickham is a food festival, first held in Wickham's medieval square in 2014. The festival offers local produce, barbecues, tasters and cookery demonstrations, and has attracted crowds of over 4,000 people to the village.[12] Taste of Wickham returned in 2015, with increased numbers of stalls, crafts and musical displays.[13]
Wickham Horse Fair
England's biggest and oldest horse fair take place in Wickham on 20 May every year. It is one of just two major horse-trading events in the country and can trace its history back to the 13th century. Ever since, crowds have gathered annually in the village to trade secrets, meet with friends and parade their stock. The fair includes bareback parades with ponies decorated with ribbons.[14]
Shopping
Wickham's historic village square is home to a number of bars and restaurants, as well as boutique shops and hotels. Wickham is also home to the Chesapeake Mill, a former water mill which now serves as a retail centre for antique and gift sellers.
Sport and Leisure
Wickham has a tennis club, with two floodlit courts on Wickham Recreation Ground.
The Meon Valley Railway Line is a 17.5 km (11 mi) recreational bridleway that runs through the village. The trail is popular with dog walkers, cycylists and ramblers and follows part of the bed of the former Meon Valley Railway (Alton to Fareham), which closed in 1968. It ends at West Meon due to removal of the former viaduct across the Meon Valley, and the presence of tunnels further north.
See also
Not to be confused with...
References
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wickham. |
- ↑ Archived 25 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ Archived 25 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "Biography of William of Wykeham (1324–1404), Bishop of Winchester". Britannia.com. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
- ↑ http://www.wickhamsquare.co.uk/about-wickham/history-2/
- ↑ "Wickham Horse Fair".
- ↑ "St Nicholas, Wickham - Portsmouth Diocesan Website".
- ↑ "A History of Wickham, Hampshire".
- ↑ "Brewery History Society Hampshire Wickham Brewery Co Ltd".
- ↑ http://www.musicweek.com/news/read/kilimanjaro-live-named-national-promoter-of-the-year-at-live-uk-music-business-awards/063148
- ↑ http://www.portsmouth.co.uk/news/local/wickham-festival-to-return-with-the-levellers-1-1245668 | Portsmouth News | Wickham Festival To Return with the Levellers
- ↑ "Wickham Festival".
- ↑ "Thousands visit Taste of Wickham Festival".
- ↑ http://www.wickhamsquare.co.uk/event/4968/
- ↑ "Historic Wickham horse fair starts today".
- Sharp, Thomas (1946) The Anatomy of the Village, Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin
