William Garner Sutherland

William Garner Sutherland, D.O. (1873–1954) was an American osteopathic physician and important figure in American osteopathic medicine. Several of his manual therapy techniques are still practiced today by a small minority of practitioners of osteopathic medicine. Sutherland was the first osteopathic physician to conceptualize the cranial approach and teach it systematically. However, Sutherland acknowledged Andrew Taylor Still as the developer of all osteopathy, including the cranial approach. Sutherland was the first person to claim to feel a rhythmic shape change in the bones of the cranium. He later applied this movement to all body tissues and this movement is the agent of change in dysfunctional tissues. He later named this motion the body's "Primary Respiration."

Education

William Sutherland graduated in 1900 from the American School of Osteopathy, which is now A.T. Still University.^[1]

Contributions to osteopathy

A list of techniques and concepts which Sutherland had significant impact on:

Cranial osteopathy is the source of craniosacral therapy (cranial techniques practiced by non osteopaths)
Balanced ligamentous tension
Primary respiratory mechanism

In the United States, Sutherland's approach today is being taught to physicians and dentists by the Osteopathic Cranial Academy, the Sutherland Cranial Teaching Foundation and the Osteopathic Center for Children and Families.

His writings include The Cranial Bowl, Contributions of Thought, Teachings in the Science of Osteopathy. His wife, Adah, wrote his biography, With Thinking Fingers, which details his exploration of the cranial concept. "Osteopathy in the Cranial Field," written by one of his students, Harold Magoun, DO, is the main textbook of his work.

It has been speculated that Sutherland borrowed ideas directly from the 1882 English translation of Swedenborg's writings on brain physiology.^[2]

References

↑ Wales, Anne L. (1990). Teachings in the science of osteopathy. Cambridge, MA: Rudra Press. ISBN 0-915801-26-4.
↑ Jordan, Theodore Swedenborg's influence on Sutherland's ‘Primary Respiratory Mechanism’ model in cranial osteopathy The International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine, Volume 12, Issue 3, Pages 100-105 (September 2009)

Osteopathic medicine (ICD-10-PCS 7)

General	Osteopathic medicine in the United States Osteopathic medicine in Canada

Treatments	Articulatory technique Balanced ligamentous tension Chapman reflex points Counterstrain Cranial Lymphatic pump Muscle energy technique Myofascial release Paraspinal inhibition Soft tissue technique Somatic dysfunction

Education	List of osteopathic medical schools Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine Accrediting Commission

Licensing	COMLEX NBOME

Organizations	AOA COA AACOM Student Council Specialty Boards Specialty colleges Directors and Medical Educators American Academy of Osteopathy

People	List of osteopathic physicians Andrew Taylor Still S. S. Still

Media	The DO The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association Osteopathic Family Physician

History	History California merger Flexner Report

Osteopathic medicine

Authority control	WorldCat Identities VIAF: 56830301 ISNI: 0000 0001 1649 0145 GND: 128916834 SUDOC: 060754397 BNF: cb14443802v (data)

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