Winnibigoshish Lake Dam

Winnibigoshish Lake Dam
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Construction of the original 1884 dam
Location	Cass / Itasca counties, Minnesota
Nearest city	Deer River, Minnesota
Coordinates	47°25′44.5″N 94°3′6.8″W / 47.429028°N 94.051889°WCoordinates: 47°25′44.5″N 94°3′6.8″W / 47.429028°N 94.051889°W
Built	1899
NRHP Reference #	82004629[1]
Added to NRHP	May 11, 1982

The original Winnibigoshish Lake Dam was built 1881-1884, in order to regulate the flow of water on the Upper Mississippi River. A constant flow was desired by loggers, fur traders, and millers downstream at St. Anthony Falls. The dam crosses the county line between Cass County and Itasca County, and lies within the Leech Lake Indian Reservation in the U.S. state of Minnesota. It is located 408 miles (657 km) north of Saint Paul, and creates Lake Winnibigoshish, Minnesota's fifth largest lake, at 67,000 acres (270 km²).^[2]

Damage caused by the dam

At the time of the construction of the original dam, the region was inhabited almost exclusively by Ojibwa Indians, who had lived on the shores of this part of the river for many generations, as documented by the explorer, Henry Schoolcraft. The United States Army Corps of Engineers used 2,000,000 board-feet (4720 cubic meters) of pine for the dam and related buildings, wiping out large sections of conifer forests. Along the shores were the Ojibwa's hay fields, maple trees, gardens, cranberry marshes, wild rice marshes, villages, and burial mounds. A staple in their diet was fish, which they caught with nets placed in the swift and shallow river current. Construction of the dam raised the water level by 14 feet (4.3 m), not only obliterating the natives' homes and history, but also wiping out their fisheries. Recent archeological research has shown that the burial mounds and ceramic fragments dated from 700–1000 ce. The construction of this dam was a significant milestone in the historical record of white, Western European settlers, Christian missionaries, and commercial interests eradicating the indigenous population from most of Minnesota.^[3][4]

Replacement dam

The 1899 dam, which is in the National Register of Historic Places, replaced the 1884 dam, substituting concrete for wooden components. By the 1920s, Minnesotans were flocking to the area in search of pristine camping, fishing, and hunting grounds. The Northlands Camp built a hotel, cabins, and a store for the throngs of tourists. Today, scores of locks and dams effectively control the water level on the Upper Mississippi River, aiding navigation and averting most adverse flooding, and the tourism continues to be a significant contributor to the region's economy.^[5]

References

1. National Park Service (2007-01-23). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
2. Nord, Mary Ann (2003). The National Register of Historic Places in Minnesota. Minnesota Historical Society. ISBN 0-87351-448-3.
3. "Cultural Resources Investigation at the Lake Winnibigoshish Dam Site - 21 IC 4". National Technical Information Service. 1978. Retrieved 2007-11-13.
4. Carroll, Jane (1993). "Lake Winnibigoshish Reservoir Dam, Deer River vicinity, Itasca County, MN". Historic American Building Survey. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2007-11-13.
5. "Lake Winnibigoshish -Minnesota Walleye Fishing at its Best". Northland Lodge. Retrieved 2007-11-13.