Y-DNA haplogroups in South Asian populations
Listed here are notable groups and populations from South Asia by human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups based on relevant studies. The samples are taken from individuals identified with linguistic designations (IE=Indo-European, Dr=Dravidian, AA=Austro-Asiatic and ST=Sino-Tibetan), the third column gives the sample size studied, and the other columns give the percentage of the particular haplogroup. R1a and H1 are the two most widespread genetic haplotype in South Asia, covering a large majority of population.
| Population | Language | n | C | F | G | H | J | L | O | P | Q | R1a | R1b | R2 | T | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Burusho (Pakistan) | Isolate (Burushaski) | 97 | 8.2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 4.1 | 8.2 | 47.9 | 3.1 | 1.0 | 2.1 | 6.5 | — | 4.4 | 0 | Firasat2006[1] |
| Kalash (Pakistan) | Isolate Kalasha, IE | 44 | 0 | 0 | 18.2 | 20.5 | 9.1 | 25.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18.2 | — | 0 | 0 | Firasat2006[1] |
| India | IE, Dr, AA, ST | 728 | 1.8 | 5.2 | 1.2 | 26.4 | 9.3 | 18.7 | 23.9 | 0 | 0.4 | 27.3 | 0.5 | 9.3 | 0 | Sengupta2006[2] |
| India | IE, Dr, AA, ST | 931 | - | 6.9 | 0.1 | 19.1 | 8.3 | 20.3 | 10.1 | 4.1 | — | 31.1 | — | 10.5 | — | Cordaux2004[3] |
| India | IE, Dr, AA, ST | 1152 | 1.4 | 3.0 | 0.1 | 23.0 | 9.1 | 17.5 | 18.0 | 2.7 | — | 28.3 | 0.5 | 13.5 | 3.1 | Trivedi2007[4] |
| Indian Indo-Europeans | IE | 205 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 0.5 | 28.8 | 11.3 | 3.9 | 4.9 | — | 1.0 | 48.9 | 1.5 | 13.7 | — | Sengupta2006[2] |
| Indian Dravidians | Dr | 353 | 1.7 | 9.3 | 2.3 | 32.9 | 19.7 | 11.6 | 13.6 | — | 0.3 | 26.7 | 0.3 | 6.2 | — | Sengupta2006[2] |
| Indian Munda | AA | 892 | — | 4.0 | — | 23.1 | 3.9 | 0 | 57.2 | 1.8 | — | 5.4 | — | 4.4 | — | Kumar2007[5] |
| Indian Sino-Tibetans | ST | 87 | 1.1 | 0 | 0 | 2.3 | 0 | 0 | 86.2 | — | 0 | 4.6 | 0 | 5.7 | — | Sengupta2006[2] |
| India (North) | IE, ST | 180 | 0 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 24.5 | 7.8 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 0 | — | 48.9 | 0.6 | 11.1 | 0 | Trivedi2007[4] |
| India (West) | IE | 204 | 5.4 | 0.5 | 0 | 33.3 | 11.3 | 11.8 | 0 | 2.5 | 0 | 35.0 | — | 6.4 | 0.5 | Sahoo2006[6] |
| India (South) | Dr | 372 | 1.9 | 4.0 | 0 | 27.5 | 19.7 | 10.8 | 0 | 1.6 | — | 26.7 | 1.3 | 21.5 | 5.1 | Trivedi2007[4] |
| India (East) | IE, AA, Dr | 367 | 0.8 | 2.7 | 0 | 19.3 | 4.1 | 1.9 | 20.7 | 2.7 | 0 | 23.2 | — | 15.5 | 3.8 | Sahoo2006[6] |
| India (Northeast) | ST | 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.9 | 0 | 0 | 79.7 | 4.6 | — | 1.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Trivedi2007[4] |
| India (Central) | IE, Dr | 50 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 20 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 6 | 0 | Sahoo2006[6] |
| India (Gujarat) | IE | 284 | 8.5 | 4.2 | 0 | 40.1 | 10.2 | 3.2 | 0 | 0 | 2.8 | 18.7 | 0 | 9.5 | 0 | K*=2.8,Khurana2014,[7] |
| Indian castes | IE, Dr | 616 | 5.2 | 9.6 | 0.2 | 12.0 | 11.7 | 19.0 | 1.2 | 3.1 | — | 48.9 | — | 10.0 | — | Cordaux2004[3] |
| Indian tribes | Dr, IE, AA, ST | 315 | 8.6 | 18.1 | 0 | 31.1 | 2.9 | 7.0 | 6.7 | 6.0 | — | 8.9 | — | 4.4 | — | Cordaux2004[3] |
| Indian tribes | Dr, IE, AA, ST | 505 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 0.2 | 21.2 | 2.6 | 3.2 | 40.6 | 3.2 | — | 7.9 | 1.0 | 6.1 | 4.2 | Trivedi2007[4] |
| India's Lower Castes | Dr, IE | 261 | 0.8 | 4.6 | 0 | 27.6 | 3.1 | 5.4 | 0.4 | 2.3 | — | 15.7 | 0 | 27.6 | 4.6 | Trivedi2007[4] |
| India's Middle Castes | IE, Dr | 175 | 0.6 | 5.1 | 0 | 21.1 | 9.7 | 5.7 | 0 | 2.9 | — | 26.3 | 0 | 18.9 | 1.7 | Trivedi2007[4] |
| India's Upper Castes | IE, Dr | 211 | 0.9 | 1.9 | 0 | 23.3 | 10.0 | 11.4 | 0 | 1.9 | — | 30.5 | 0.5 | 9.0 | 0 | Trivedi2007[4][8] |
| Kathmandu (Nepal) | IE, ST | 77 | 7.8 | 0 | 0 | 11.7 | 10.4 | 0 | 20.8 | 0 | 1.3 | 35.1 | 0 | 10.4 | 0 | Gayden2007[9] |
| Khasi (India) | AA | 92 | — | 10.9 | — | 6.5 | 0 | 0 | 72.8 | 4.4 | — | — | — | 0 | — | Kumar2007[5] |
| Mundari (India) | AA | 789 | — | 3.3 | — | 25.4 | 4.4 | 0 | 55.0 | 1.5 | — | — | — | 4.9 | — | Kumar2007[5] |
| Pakistan | IE | 176 | 7.4 | 0 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 15.3 | 13.1 | 2.3 | — | 3.4 | 24.4 | 7.4 | 7.4 | 0 | Sengupta2006[2] |
| Pakistan | — | 638 | 3.0 | 0.8 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 20.2 | 11.6 | 0.5 | 0 | 2.2 | 37.1 | — | 7.8 | 0 | Firasat2006[1] |
| Pashtun (Afghanistan) | IE | 49 | 2 | 0 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 2 | 12.2 | 0 | 0 | 18.4 | 51 | 0 | 2 | 0 | Haber2012[10] |
| Pashtun (Pakistan) | IE | 96 | 0 | 2.1 | 11.5 | 4.2 | 6.2 | 12.5 | 5.2 | 0 | 5.2 | 44.8 | — | 0 | 1.0 | Firasat2006[1] |
| Sinhalese (Sri Lanka) | IE | 87 | 0 | 20.7 | — | — | 16.1 | 16.1 | — | — | 0 | 23.0 | 0 | 24.1 | 0 | Kivisild2003a[11] |
| Sri Lanka | IE, Dr | 91 | 3.3 | 9.9 | 5.5 | 25.3 | 19.8 | 15.4 | 1.1 | 3.3 | — | 13.2 | — | — | — | Karafet2005[12] |
| Tharu (Nepal) | IE | 171 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 | 25.7 | 14.0 | 2.3 | 36.8 | 0 | 1.2 | 8.8 | 0 | 4.7 | 0 | Fornarino2009[13] |
| India | IE, DR, AA,ST | 1,615 | 1.3 | S Sharma 2009[14] |
Y Haplogroup Q distribution of India[14]
| India Regions | Social Category | Linguistic Category | No. of Samples | No. of Q(xQ5) | No. of Q5-ss4 bp | - |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| North(11) | ||||||
| J&K Kashmiri Pandits | Caste high | IE | 51 | 3 | ||
| J&K Kashmiri Gujars | Tribe | IE | 61 | 1(M120) | ||
| Uttar Pradesh Brahmin | Caste high | IE | 14 | 1(M346) | (Q4)Sengupta2006[2] | |
| Uttar Pradesh Brahmin | Caste high | IE | 31 | 1 | 1 | |
| Himachal Rajputs | Caste high | IE | 35 | 1 | ||
| Central (8) | ||||||
| Madhya Pradesh Brahmins | Caste high | IE | 42 | 1 | 1 | |
| Madhya Pradesh Gonds | Tribe | DR | 17 | 1 | ||
| Madhya Pradesh Saharia | Tribe | IE | 89 | 1 | 2 | |
| Halba | Tribe | IE | 21 | 1(M346) | (Q4)Sengupta2006[2] | |
| East(11) | ||||||
| Bihar Brahmins | Caste high | IE | 38 | 1 | 1 | |
| West(5) | ||||||
| Northeast(7) | ||||||
| South(15) | ||||||
| Yadhava | Caste | DR | 129 | 3 | ||
| Vellalar | Caste middle | DR | 31 | 1(M346) | (Q4)Sengupta2006[2] | |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Total (57 regions) | 1,615 | 16 | 5 | |||
See also
- South Asia
- Y-DNA haplogroups by groups
- Y-DNA haplogroups by populations of East and Southeast Asia
- Y-DNA haplogroups in European populations
- Y-DNA haplogroups in Central and North Asian populations
- Y-DNA haplogroups by populations of Near East and North Africa
- Y-DNA haplogroups by populations of the Caucasus
- Y-DNA haplogroups by populations of Sub-Saharan Africa
- Y-DNA haplogroups in Oceanian populations
- Y-DNA haplogroups in Indigenous peoples of the Americas
References
- 1 2 3 4 Firasat, Sadaf; Khaliq, Shagufta; Mohyuddin, Aisha; Papaioannou, Myrto; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Underhill, Peter A; Ayub, Qasim (2006). "Y-chromosomal evidence for a limited Greek contribution to the Pathan population of Pakistan". European Journal of Human Genetics. 15 (1): 121–6. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201726. PMC 2588664
. PMID 17047675. - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Sengupta, S; Zhivotovsky, L; King, R; Mehdi, S; Edmonds, C; Chow, C; Lin, A; Mitra, M; et al. (2006). "Polarity and Temporality of High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 78 (2): 202–21. doi:10.1086/499411. PMC 1380230. PMID 16400607.
- 1 2 3 Cordaux, Richard; Aunger, Robert; Bentley, Gillian; Nasidze, Ivane; Sirajuddin, S.M.; Stoneking, Mark (2004). "Independent Origins of Indian Caste and Tribal Paternal Lineages" (PDF). Current Biology. 14 (3): 231–5. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.01.024. PMID 14761656.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Trivedi, R.; Singh, Anamika; Bindu, G. Hima; Banerjee, Jheelam; Tandon, Manuj; Gaikwad, Sonali; Rajkumar, Revathi; Sitalaximi, T; Ashma, Richa (2008). "High Resolution Phylogeographic Map of Y-Chromosomes Reveal the Genetic Signatures of Pleistocene Origin of Indian Populations" (PDF). In Reddy, B. Mohan. Trends in molecular anthropology. Delhi: Kamla-Raj Enterprises. pp. 393–414. ISBN 978-81-85264-47-9.
- 1 2 3 Kumar, Vikrant; Reddy, Arimanda NS; Babu, Jagedeesh P; Rao, Tipirisetti N; Langstieh, Banrida T; Thangaraj, Kumarasamy; Reddy, Alla G; Singh, Lalji; Reddy, Battini M (2007). "Y-chromosome evidence suggests a common paternal heritage of Austro-Asiatic populations". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 7: 47. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-47. PMC 1851701. PMID 17389048.
- 1 2 3 Sahoo, S.; Singh, A.; Himabindu, G.; Banerjee, J.; Sitalaximi, T.; Gaikwad, S.; Trivedi, R.; Endicott, P.; Kivisild, T.; Metspalu, M.; Villems, R.; Kashyap, V. K. (2006). "A prehistory of Indian Y chromosomes: Evaluating demic diffusion scenarios" (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (4): 843–8. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103..843S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0507714103. PMC 1347984. PMID 16415161.
- ↑ Khurana, P; et al. (2014). "Y Chromosome Haplogroup Distribution in Indo-European Speaking Tribes of Gujarat, Western India". PLOS ONE. 9: e90414. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090414. In this paper, C consists of C5(currently C1b1a1)-M356* 3.2% and C5a(currently C1b1a1a)-P92 5.3%, F is F-M201*, H consists of H-M69* 1%, H1a-M39 25.0%, H2-Apt 14.1%, J consists of J2a-P84 2.8%, J2b2*-M241 7.4%, L is L1-M27, Q is Q1a3(currently Q1a2)-M346, R1a is R1a1-PK5*, R2 is R2-M124.
- ↑ Chowdhuri Parkash, J. (2012). Caste system, social inequalities and reservation policy in india: Class, caste, social policy and governance through social justice. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing.
- ↑ Gayden, T; Cadenas, AM; Regueiro, M; Singh, NB; Zhivotovsky, LA; Underhill, PA; Cavalli-Sforza, LL; Herrera, RJ (2007). "The Himalayas as a Directional Barrier to Gene Flow". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 80 (5): 884–94. doi:10.1086/516757. PMC 1852741. PMID 17436243.
- ↑ Haber, Marc; Platt, DE; Ashrafian Bonab, M; Youhanna, SC; Soria-Hernanz, DF; Martínez-Cruz, Begoña; Douaihy, Bouchra; Ghassibe-Sabbagh, Michella; Rafatpanah, Hoshang; Ghanbari, Mohsen; Whale, John; Balanovsky, Oleg; Wells, R. Spencer; Comas, David; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Zalloua, Pierre A.; et al. (2012). "Afghanistan's Ethnic Groups Share a Y-Chromosomal Heritage Structured by Historical Events". PLoS ONE. 7 (3): e34288. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...734288H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0034288. PMC 3314501. PMID 22470552.
- ↑ "Kivisild, Toomas; et al. (2003a). "The Genetics of Language and Farming Spread in India". In Bellwood P, Renfrew C. Examining the farming/language dispersal hypothesis (PDF). McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom. pp. 215–222." (PDF).
- ↑ Karafet, TM; Lansing, JS; Redd, AJ; Reznikova, S; Watkins, JC; Surata, SP; Arthawiguna, WA; Mayer, L; et al. (2005). "Balinese Y-chromosome perspective on the peopling of Indonesia: genetic contributions from pre-neolithic hunter-gatherers, Austronesian farmers, and Indian traders". Human Biology. 77 (1): 93–114. doi:10.1353/hub.2005.0030. PMID 16114819.
- ↑ Fornarino, Simona; Pala, Maria; Battaglia, Vincenza; Maranta, Ramona; Achilli, Alessandro; Modiano, Guido; Torroni, Antonio; Semino, Ornella; Santachiara-Benerecetti, Silvana A (2009). "Mitochondrial and Y-chromosome diversity of the Tharus (Nepal): a reservoir of genetic variation". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 9: 154. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-154. PMC 2720951. PMID 19573232.
- 1 2 Sharma, S; Rai, E; Bhat, AK; Bhanwer, AS; Bamezai, RN (2007). "A novel subgroup Q5 of human Y-chromosomal haplogroup Q in India". BMC Evol. Biol. 7: 232. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-232. PMC 2258157. PMID 18021436., Q4 is currently Q1a2-M346
External links
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 9/13/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.