Yuval Ne'eman

Yuval Ne'eman
Date of birth (1925-05-14)14 May 1925
Place of birth Tel Aviv, Mandatory Palestine
Date of death 26 April 2006(2006-04-26) (aged 80)
Place of death Tel Aviv, Israel
Knessets 10, 11, 12
Faction represented in Knesset
1981–1992 Tehiya
Ministerial roles
1982–1984 Minister of Science & Development
1990–1992 Minister of Science & Technology
1990–1992 Minister of Energy & Infrastructure

Yuval Ne'eman (Hebrew: יובל נאמן‎‎‎, 14 May 1925 – 26 April 2006) was an Israeli theoretical physicist, military scientist, and politician. He was a minister in the Israeli government in the 1980s and early 1990s.[1]

Biography

Yuval Ne'eman was born in Tel Aviv[2] during the Mandate era, graduated from high school at the age of 15, and studied mechanical engineering at the Technion.

At the age of 15, Ne'eman also joined the Haganah. During the 1948 Arab-Israeli War Ne'eman served in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) as battalion deputy commander, then as Operations Officer of Tel Aviv, and commander of Givati Brigade.

Later (1952–54) he served as Deputy Commander of Operations Department of General Staff, Commander of the Planning Department of the IDF. In this role, he helped organize the IDF into a reservist-based army, developed the mobilization system, and wrote the first draft of Israel's defense doctrine.

Between 1958 and 1960 Ne'eman was IDF Attaché in Great Britain, where he also studied for a PhD in physics under the supervision of 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics winner Abdus Salam at Imperial College London. In 1961, he was demobilized from the IDF with a rank of Colonel.

In 1981, Ne'eman became a founding member of the World Cultural Council.[3]

Between 1998-2002 Ne'eman was the head of the Israeli Engineer association [4][5]

Scientific career

One of his greatest achievements in physics was his 1961 discovery of the classification of hadrons through the SU(3) flavour symmetry, now named the Eightfold Way, which was also proposed independently by Murray Gell-Mann. This SU(3) symmetry laid the foundation of the quark model, proposed by Gell-Mann and George Zweig in 1964 (independently of each other).

Discussion in the main lecture hall at the École de Physique des Houches (Les Houches Physics School), 1972. From left, Yuval Ne'eman, Bryce DeWitt, Kip Thorne.

Ne'eman was founder and director of the School of Physics and Astronomy at Tel Aviv University from 1965 to 1972, president of Tel Aviv University from 1971 to 1975, and director of its Sackler Institute of Advanced Studies from 1979 to 1997. He was also the co-director (along with Sudarshan) of the Center for Particle Theory at the University of Texas, Austin from 1968 to 1990. He was a strong believer in the importance of space research and satellites to Israel's economic future and security, and thus founded the Israel Space Agency in 1983, which he chaired almost until his death. He also served on the Atomic Energy Commission from 1965 to 1984 and held the position of scientific director in its Soreq facility. Neeman was chief scientist of the Defense Ministry from 1974 to 1976.

He was described as "one of the most colorful figures of modern science"[6] and co-authored The Particle Hunters, which was published in English in 1986. The Times Literary Supplement hailed this book as "the best guide to quantum physics at present available".[7]

Awards and honours

He was also awarded with the College de France Medal and the Officer's Cross of the French Order of Merit (Paris, 1972), the Wigner Medal (Istanbul-Austin, 1982), Birla Science Award (Hyderabad, 1998) and additional prizes and honorary doctorates from universities in Europe and USA.[9]

Political career

In the late 1970s, Ne'eman founded Tehiya, a right-wing breakaway from Likud, formed in opposition to Menachem Begin's support for the Camp David talks that paved the way for peace with Egypt and the evacuation of Yamit. He was elected to the Knesset in the 1981 elections in which Tehiya won three seats. The party joined Begin's coalition about a year after the elections and Ne'eman was appointed Minister of Science and Development, the role later changed to Minister of Science and Technology.

He retained his seat in the 1984 elections, but Tehiya were not included in the grand coalition formed by the Alignment and Likud. After the 1988 elections, Tehiya were again excluded from the governing coalition. Ne'eman resigned from the Knesset on 31 January 1990 and was replaced by Gershon Shafat. However, Tehiya joined the government in June after the Alignment had left, and he was appointed Minister of Energy and Infrastructure and Minister of Science and Technology despite not retaking his seat in the Knesset. He lost his ministerial position following the 1992 elections and did not return to politics.

Death

He died at age 80,[7] on 26 April 2006 in the Ichilov Hospital, Tel Aviv, from a stroke.[10] He left a wife, Dvora; a son and daughter; and a sister, Ruth Ben-Yisrael. His death came decades after that of his adopted brother, William Friedlieb.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "In Remembrance of Yuval Ne'eman" Archived October 7, 2007, at the Wayback Machine., Teddy Ne'eman (son of Yuval Ne'eman), PhysicaPlus (פיזיקהפלוס), online magazine of the Israel Physical Society, Issue No. 7
  2. ↑ Watson, Andrew. "Yuval Ne'eman Dies at 80 - ScienceNOW". sciencemag.org. Retrieved 27 August 2011.
  3. ↑ "About Us". World Cultural Council. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
  4. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on November 8, 2014. Retrieved November 8, 2014.
  5. ↑
  6. ↑ Yuval Ne'eman Dies at 80 – Watson 2006 (426): 1. ScienceNOW
  7. 1 2 Lawrence Joffe (14 May 2006). "Obituary: Yuval Ne'eman | Science". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 27 August 2011.
  8. 1 2 "Yuval Ne'eman". Utexas.edu. Retrieved 27 August 2011.
  9. ↑ Yival Neeman Israel Science and Technology
  10. ↑ Nadav Shragai (26 April 2006). "Professor, veteran politician Yuval Ne'eman dies at 81". Haaretz. Retrieved 27 August 2011.
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 11/14/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.