116th Operations Group

116th Operations Group

116th Air Control Wing E-8C Joint STARS 96-0042.jpg
Active 1942–1945; 1946-1952; 1952-1974
Country  United States
Allegiance  Georgia (U.S. state)
Branch   Air National Guard
Role Command and Control
Part of Georgia Air National Guard
Garrison/HQ Robins Air Force Base, Georgia
Nickname(s) Slybird Group (WW II)
Motto(s) Vincet Amor Patriae Latin Love of Country Shall Conquer
Tail Code GA
Engagements European Theater of Operations
Korean War
Decorations Distinguished Unit Citation
Insignia
116th Operations Group emblem (approved 6 June 1952[note 1]
116th Tactical Fighter Group emblem
353d Fighter Group emblem[1]

History

World War II

Media related to 353d Fighter Group at Wikimedia Commons

The group was organized as the 353d Fighter Group at Mitchel Field, New York, although it did not receive any pilots until it moved to Richmond AAB, Virginia.[2] The group trained in the Mid-Atlantic states during 1942–1943 while also serving as an air defense organization.[3] Its original squadrons were the 350th,[4] 351st,[5] and 352d Fighter Squadrons.[6] The group was equipped with Curtiss P-40N Warhawks that had been used by other units, but in February 1943, it began receiving Republic P-47B Thunderbolts.[2]

Republic P-47D Thunderbolt (LH-E) of the 350th Fighter Squadron

The 353d moved to England May through June 1943, where it was assigned to the 66th Fighter Wing of VIII Fighter Command at Sawston Hall, Cambridge. The group was equipped with newer P-47D Thunderbolts and was the fourth P-47 unit to join the Eighth Air Force.[7]

Operations commenced on 9 August 1943 when sixteen planes joined P-47s of the 56th Fighter Group on an uneventful fighter sweep over the Netherlands.[3][8] The group's first mission on its own was a bomber escort mission on 14 August. On the 16th, the group had its first engagement with enemy Me 109 and FW 190 fighters. Unfortunately, the first group commander, Lt. Col. Joseph A. Morris was lost in combat that day.[7] From Metfield the 353d flew numerous counter-air missions and provided escort for bombers that attacked targets in western Europe, made counter-air sweeps over France and the Low Countries, and dive bombed targets in France.[3]

In March 1944 the group commander. Col. Duncan, proposed to Maj Gen. Kepner, the commander of VIII Fighter Command, that a group of pilots be assembled who would be specialists in the art of ground strafing. On 15 March sixteen pilots from the 353d, 355th, 359th and 361st Fighter Groups were assembled under Col. Duncan and nicknamed "Bill's Buzz Boys".[9] These pilots flew P-47s equipped with "paddle blade" propellors which improved the low altitude performance of their Thunderbolts. Until "Bill's Buzz Boys" were disbanded on April 12 they developed tactics for low level strafing attacks on enemy airfields, which prevented the Luftwaffe from shepherding their air defense forces on the ground, in order to use them only when they had an advantage, minimizing losses, because the aircraft were vulnerable both in the air and on the ground.[10]

During the Battle of Normandy, the 353d supported the breakthrough at Saint-Lô in July.

The group received the Distinguished Unit Citation for supporting Operation Market Garden, the airborne attack on Arnhem and Nijmegen (Operation Market) and the advance of British Forces to link up with the airhead and attack across the Rhine River (Operation Garden) between 17 and 23 September 1944.[3] On the 17th and 18th the group concentrated on strikes against enemy flak positions threatening the landing of airborne troops, claiming the destruction of 64 flak positions and damage to 22 more in the two days. These attacks also resulted in the loss of two of the group's planes and flak damage to 17 more. After standing down for two days due to weather, the 353d provided top cover to the Douglas C-53 Skytrooper and Douglas C-47 Skytrain aircraft carrying out the operation. While protecting the troop carriers the group claimed 25 victories over enemy fighters attacking the drop and landing zones while losing four more of its P-47s.[11]

P-51D (YJ-V) of the 351st Fighter Squadron

In October 1944, the group converted to the North American P-51 Mustang.[3] The group flew its first Mustang mission escorting Boeing B-17s on 2 October. This mission was the only one in which the group flew both P-47s and P-51s, although Thunderbolts continued to fly separate missions until the conversion was complete.[12] Four days later Lt. C. W. Mueller claimed Eighth Air Force's second victory over a jet-propelled Me 262 fighter.[13]

About this time Raydon was known colloquially as "Bomb Alley" due to the number of German V-1 "Doodlebug" flying bombs which flew directly overhead on their way to London. One V-1 blew up as it went over and the engine narrowly missed the bomb dump in Raydon Great Wood.

The group continued its fighter-bomber, escort, and counter-air activities, participating in the Battle of the Bulge from December 1944 through January 1945 and Operation Varsity, the airborne attack across the Rhine in March 1945.[3] The group had two "aces in a day" on March 24 when Lt. Col. Wayne Blickenstaff and Maj. Robert Elder each claimed five victories. The group encountered a formation of FW 190 aircraft loaded with bombs, with another formation of Me 109s flying top cover for them. The group attacked the enemy formations, claiming a total of 29 destroyed while losing five aircraft. This was the only time in the history of Eighth Air Force when two pilots from the same unit destroyed five or more enemy aircraft in the same engagement.[14]

The 353d's flew its last combat mission (its 448th) on 25 April 1945, when it escorted Royal Air Force and 398th Bombardment Group bombers attacking Berchtesgaden and Pilsen. It had lost 152 aircraft in combat. 50 of the pilots had become prisoners of war or evadees (including group commander, Col. Glenn E. Duncan), but most aircraft losses also involved the loss of the pilot.[15] After the end of hostilities, the group trained and prepared for transfer to the Pacific Theater. With the end of World War II in September, the group left Raydon and transferred back to Camp Kilmer, New Jersey where it was inactivated on 18 October 1945.[3]

After VE day in May 1945, Colonel Glen E. Duncan received a B-17 Flying Fortress from school friend Colonel John B Kidd from the 100th Bomb Group in return for Kidd flying a P-47 Thunderbolt. The B-17 was painted in the 353rd colors (yellow/black checkerboard cowls) and used to fly ground crewmembers over Germany so that they could observe the impact their aircraft had made in the war.

Aerial Victories

Aerial Victories by the 353d Ftr Gp

Aerial Victories Number Note
Group Hq 31 [16]
350th Fighter Squadron 113.5 [17]
351st Fighter Squadron 101 [18]
352d Fighter Squadron 87 [19]
Group Total 332.5

Aces of the 353d Ftr Gp[20]

Name and Rank Number of Aircraft Destroyed Note
Col. Glenn E. Duncan 19.5 [note 2]
Maj. Walter C. Beckham 18
Lt. Col. Wayne K. Bickenstaff 10
Lt. Col. Kenneth W. Gallup 9
Maj. Robert A. Elder 9 [21]
Capt. James N. Poindexter 7
Capt. William A. Maguire 7
Lt. Arthur C. Cundy 6
Capt. Gordon B. Compton 5.5
Lt. Jesse W. Gonnam 5.5
Capt. Robert W. Abernathy 5
Capt. Raymond B. Hartley 5 [22]
Capt. Gene E. Markham 5
Capt. William F. Tanner 5
Capt. Harrison B. Tordoff 5
Lt. Bayard C. Auchincloss 5

Aircraft Markings

350th Fighter Squadron LH, yellow rudders
351st Fighter Squadron YJ, plain rudders
352d Fighter Squadron SX, black rudders[1]

Georgia Air National Guard

The wartime 353d Fighter Group was redesignated as the 116th Fighter Group, allotted to the National Guard on 24 May 1946. It was organized at Marietta Army Air Field, Georgia, and was extended federal recognition on 20 August 1946 by the National Guard Bureau. The 116th Fighter Group was entitled to the history, honors, and colors of the 353d Fighter Group. It was assigned to the 54th Fighter Wing.

The 116th Fighter Group consisted of the 128th Fighter Squadron at Marietta AAF, and the 158th Fighter Squadron at Chatham Army Air Field, near Savannah. As part of the Continental Air Command Fourteenth Air Force, the unit trained for tactical fighter missions and air-to-air combat.

Korean Mobilization

In October 1950, the group was mobilized and moved to George Air Force Base. Under the regular Air Force's wing base organization the 116th Fighter-Bomber Wing was activated as the headquarters for the group and the units supporting it. The 128th Fighter-Bomber Squadron remained with the group after mobilization, but its other units were the 159th Fighter-Bomber Squadron of the Florida Air National Guard and the 196th Fighter-Bomber Squadron of the California Air National Guard.

Return to the Georgia Air National Guard

The group was redesignated the 116th Fighter-Interceptor Group, returned to the Georgia Air National Guard on 10 July and activated at Dobbins Air Force Base. The 116th was gained by Air Defense Command (ADC). It was initially equipped with old North American P-51H Mustangs, but soon converted to Republic F-84 Thunderjets. In 1958, the group began to stand alert with its interceptors. In 1960 the F-84s were replaced by the North American F-86L Sabre.

In 1961, the group traded in its Sabres for Boeing C-97 Stratofreighter transports, becoming the 116th Air Transport Group. The group flew long-distance transport missions in support of Air Force requirements, frequently sending aircraft to the Caribbean, Europe, Greenland, and the Middle East. In 1966 the 116th, now the 116th Military Airlift Group, was the first Air National Guard group to receive Douglas C-124 Globemaster II strategic heavy airlifters.

In the years after the Vietnam War, the 116th returned to the fighter mission and was re-equipped with North American F-100 Super Sabre. In 1974 the Air National Guard eliminated its tactical groups at locations that also had a wing headquarters and the 116th Tactical Fighter Group was inactivated on 9 December.

In 1992 as part of the post Cold War reorganizations of the Air Force, the 116th Wing converted to the Air Force Objective Wing organization and the group was again activated as the 116th Operations Group.

After calling Dobbins home for 50 years, the 116th simultaneously converted from the McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle fighters to the Rockwell B-1 Lancer strategic bomber and moved 110 miles south to Robins Air Force Base near Warner Robins, Georgia and the former Strategic Air Command alert facility there.

Under the Air Force's Total Force Initiative the 116th Wing became a "blended" wing. The 93d Air Control Wing, an active-duty unit, was inactivated on 1 October 2002 and the 116th Group was assigned both members of the Guard and active duty airmen. The unit was equipped with the new E-8C Joint STARS airborne battle management aircraft.

On 24 November 2010, the Chief of Staff of the Air Force designated the 116th Air Control Wing as an "Active Associate" wing and replaced the "blended" wing concept. A new active duty associate wing was formed, and the squadrons with active duty airmen were reassigned to the 461st Air Control Wing. The two units continue to operate together to accomplish the shared J-STARS mission.

Lineage

Activated on 1 October 1942
Inactivated on 18 October 1945
Organized on 8 July 1946
Extended federal recognition on 9 September 1946
Federalized and placed on active duty on 10 October 1950
Redesignated 116th Fighter-Bomber Group on 25 October 1950
Inactivated on 10 July 1952
Redesignated 116th Fighter-Interceptor Group and returned to the Air National Guard on 10 July 1952
Redesignated 116th Fighter-Bomber Group on 1 December 1952
Redesignated 116th Fighter-Interceptor Group on 1 July 1955
Redesignated 116th Fighter Group (Air Defense) on 15 April 1956
Redesignated 116th Air Transport Group on 1 April 1961
Redesignated 116th Military Airlift Group on 1 January 1966
Redesignated 116th Tactical Fighter Group on 4 April 1973
Inactivated on 10 December 1974
Redesignated 116th Operations Group
Activated c. 1 January 1993

Assignments

Components

Stations
  • George Air Force Base, California, 1 November 1950 – 10 July 1952
  • Misawa Air Base, Japan, 1 August 1951 – 10 July 1952 (operated from Taegu Air Base (K-2), South Korea, 2 December 1950 – 4 January 1952; 26 May 1952 – 10 July 1952)
  • Dobbins Air Force Base, Georgia, 10 July 1952 – 9 December 1974
  • Dobbins Air Reserve Base, Georgia, 1 January 1993
  • Robins Air Force Base, Georgia, 1 April 1996 – 1 October 2011
  • Robins Air Force Base, Georgia, 1 October 2011 – present

Aircraft

  • P-40 Warhawk, 1942–1943
  • P-47D Thunderbolt, July 1943 – 10 November 1944
  • P-51D Mustang, 2 October 1944
  • P-51K Mustang, December 1944 – October 1945
  • F-47N Thunderbolt, 1946–1950
  • F-84G Thunderjet, 1950–1952
  • F-51H Mustang, 1952
  • F-84D Thunderjet, 1952–1955
  • F-84F Thunderstreak, 1955–1960
  • F-86L Sabre, 1960–1961
  • C-97F Stratofreighter, 1961–1965
  • C-124C Globemaster II, 1965–1973
  • F-100D Super Sabre, 1973–1974
  • F-15A Eagle, 1986–1996
  • B-1B Lancer, 1996–2002
  • E-8C Joint STARS, 2002–present.

See also

References

Notes
  1. ↑ The group uses the wing emblem with the group designation on the scroll. Air Force Instruction 84-105, Organizational Lineage, Honors and Heraldry, 19 March 2013, para 3.3.3
  2. ↑ During World War II, Eighth Air Force also credited pilots with aircraft destroyed on the ground. Col Duncan, Lt Col Gallup, Maj Elder, Capt Compton, Capt Hartley, Capt Maguire, Capt Poindexter, Capt Tanner, Capt Tordoff, and Lt Auchincloss were credited with additional aircraft destroyed on the ground. Twenty-five other group pilots would be considered aces if their credits for aircraft destroyed on the ground were included.
Citations
  1. 1 2 Watkins, pp. 60-63
  2. 1 2 Rust & Hess, p. 9
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Maurer, Combat Units, pp. 233–234
  4. ↑ Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 435
  5. ↑ Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 436
  6. ↑ Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 437
  7. 1 2 Rust & Hess, pp. 12-13
  8. ↑ Rust & Hess, p. 11
  9. ↑ This name honored General Kepner
  10. ↑ Rust & Hess, pp. 28-31
  11. ↑ Rust & Hess, pp. 41-42
  12. ↑ Rust & Hess, p. 42
  13. ↑ Rust & Hess, p. 43
  14. ↑ Rust & Hess, pp. 50-51
  15. ↑ Rust & Hess, p. 53
  16. ↑ Newton & Senning, p. 616
  17. ↑ Newton & Senning, pp. 613-614
  18. ↑ Newton & Senning, pp. 614-615 (source says 25.99 due to one victory shared by three pilots credited as .33 to each)
  19. ↑ Newton & Senning, pp. 615-616
  20. ↑ Rust & Hess, P. 83
  21. ↑ Scored four additional victories while serving with another group
  22. ↑ Scored two additional victories while assigned to Fifteenth Air Force
  23. 1 2 3 Station numbers in the UK are from Anderson

Bibliography

 This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website http://www.afhra.af.mil/.

External links

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