12th New Zealand Parliament

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The 12th New Zealand Parliament was a term of the New Zealand Parliament. It was elected at the 1893 general election in November and December of that year.

1893 general election

In the 1892 electoral redistribution, population shift to the North Island required the transfer of one seat from the South Island to the north. The resulting ripple effect saw every electorate established in 1890 have its boundaries altered, and 14 new electorates were established. Of those, eight electorates were established for the first time: Bay of Plenty, Otaki, Pareora, Patea, Riccarton, Waiapu, Waimea-Sounds, and Wellington Suburbs. The remaining six electorates had existed before, and they were re-established for the 12th Parliament: Caversham, Chalmers, Lyttelton, Rangitata, Waihemo, and Waipa.^[1]

The 1893 general election was held on Tuesday, 28 November in the general electorates and on Wednesday, 20 December in the Māori electorates, respectively.^[2] A total of 74 MPs were elected; 30 represented North Island electorates, 40 represented South Island electorates, and the remaining four represented Māori electorates.^[3] 302,997 voters were enrolled and the official turnout at the election was 75.3%.^[2]

Sessions

The 12th Parliament sat for three sessions, and was prorogued on 14 November 1896.^[4]

Session	Opened	Adjouned
first	21 June 1894	24 October 1894
second	20 June 1895	1 November 1895
third	11 June 1896	17 October 1896

Ministries

The Liberal Government of New Zealand had taken office on 24 January 1891.^[5] John Ballance, who had been leading the Ballance Ministry, had died on 27 April 1893^[6] and had been succeeded by the Seddon Ministry under Richard Seddon.^[7] The Seddon Ministry remained in power for the whole term of this Parliament and held power until Seddon's death on 10 June 1906.^[8]

Initial composition of the 12th Parliament

74 seats were created across 66 electorates. 62 electorates returned a single member and four electoral districts had three representatives each.^[9] The Liberal party was the only established party structure at the time, many independent conservative MPs coalesced as a semi-formal Opposition under the leadership of William Russell.

Key

  Liberal     Conservative     Liberal-Labour     Independent Liberal     Independent  

[] Electorate results for the New Zealand general election, 1893^[10][11][12]

Electorate	Incumbent		Winner		Majority	Runner up
General electorates
Ashburton		Edward George Wright		John McLachlan	26		Cathcart Wason
Ashley		Richard Meredith			590		David Duncan Macfarlane
Auckland, City of		John Shera		George Grey	2,233		Thomas Tudehope[nb 1][13]
		Thomas Thompson		William Crowther	438
		Alfred Cadman		Charles Button	68
Avon		Edwin Blake		William Tanner	653		George McIntyre
Awarua		Joseph Ward			Uncontested
Bay of Islands		Robert Houston			231		James Trounsen[14]
Bay of Plenty	New electorate			William Kelly	209		Henry Burton[15]
Bruce		James Allen			Uncontested
Buller		Eugene O'Conor		Roderick McKenzie	213		Eugene O'Conor
Caversham	New electorate			Arthur Morrison	136		William Barron
Chalmers	New electorate			John A. Millar	119		Edmund Allen
Christchurch, City of		William Pember Reeves			1,848		Ebenezer Sandford[nb 2]
		Ebenezer Sandford		George Smith	916
		Richard Molesworth Taylor		William Whitehouse Collins	281
Clutha		Thomas Mackenzie			832		James Burgh[16]
Dunedin, City of		David Pinkerton			1,294		Henry Fish[nb 3]
		Henry Fish		William Earnshaw	589
		William Hutchison			294
Eden		Edwin Mitchelson			1,161		Malcolm Niccol[17]
Egmont		Felix McGuire			135		Benjamin Robbins
Ellesmere		John Hall		William Montgomery	293		William Rolleston
Franklin		Ebenezer Hamlin		Benjamin Harris	89		William Massey
Grey		Arthur Guinness			1,723		Richard Nancarrow
Hawke's Bay		William Russell			70		Charles William Reardon[18]
Inangahua		Robert Stout		Patrick O'Regan	204		William Goodwin Collings
Invercargill		James Whyte Kelly			1,242		Joseph Hatch
Kaiapoi		Richard Moore		David Buddo	87		Richard Moore
Lyttelton	New electorate			John Joyce	1,041		Edwin Blake
Manukau		Frank Buckland		Maurice O'Rorke	252		Frank Buckland
Marsden		Robert Thompson[nb 4]			1,010		James Harrison[14]
Masterton		Alexander Hogg			1,228		Joseph Harkness
Mataura		George Richardson		Robert McNab	119		George Richardson
Napier		George Henry Swan		Samuel Carnell	520		George Henry Swan
Nelson		Joseph Harkness		John Graham	279		Richmond Hursthouse
New Plymouth		Edward Metcalf Smith			491		Robert Trimble
Oamaru		Thomas Duncan			416		PB Fraser
Otaki	New electorate			James Wilson	195		Donald Fraser[19]
Palmerston		James Wilson		Frederick Pirani	203		George Matthew Snelson[20]
Pareora	New electorate			Frederick Flatman	217		Arthur Rhodes
Parnell		Frank Lawry			334		William Shepherd Allen
Patea	New electorate			George Hutchison	673		William Cowern
Rangitata	New electorate			William Maslin	67		Edward George Wright
Rangitikei		Robert Bruce		John Stevens	176		Frank Lethbridge
Riccarton	New electorate			George Warren Russell	106		William Boag
Selwyn		Alfred Saunders			232		Thomas Hamilton Anson
Taieri		Walter Carncross			76		John Buckland
Thames		James McGowan			311		Edmund Taylor
Timaru		William Hall-Jones			407		Edward George Kerr
Tuapeka		Hugh Valentine		Vincent Pyke	340		Charles Rawlins
Waihemo	New electorate			John McKenzie	324		Scobie Mackenzie
Waiapu	New electorate			James Carroll	497		Cecil de Lautour
Waikato		Edward Lake		Alfred Cadman	75		Isaac Coates[11]
Waikouaiti		James Green			510		George J. Bruce[21]
Waimea-Sounds	New electorate			Charles H. Mills	333		H Everett
Waipa	New electorate			Frederic Lang	989		Gerald Peacock[22]
Waipawa		William Smith		Charles Hall	378		George Hunter
Wairarapa		Walter Clarke Buchanan			690		George Augustus Fairbrother[23]
Wairau		Lindsay Buick			322		William Sinclair
Waitaki		John McKenzie		William Steward	1,062		Thomas Paterson[24]
Waitemata		Jackson Palmer		Richard Monk	239		Jackson Palmer
Wakatipu		Thomas Fergus		William Fraser	326		John O'Meara
Wallace		James Mackintosh			433		Henry Hirst
Wanganui		Archibald Willis			197		Gilbert Carson
Wellington, City of		John Duthie					Kennedy Macdonald
		George Fisher		Francis Bell
		William McLean		Sir Robert Stout
Wellington Suburbs	New electorate			Alfred Newman	124		Thomas Wilford
Westland		Richard Seddon			Uncontested
Māori electorates[nb 5]
Eastern Maori		James Carroll		Wi Pere	1,399		Hoani Paraone Tunuiarangi
Northern Maori		Eparaima Te Mutu Kapa		Hone Heke Ngapua	507		Eparaima Te Mutu Kapa
Southern Maori		Tame Parata			185		Teoti Pita Mutu
Western Maori		Hoani Taipua		Ropata Te Ao	90		Pepene Eketone

Table footnotes:

1. Majority is difference in votes to fourth candidate
2. Majority is difference in votes to fourth candidate
3. Majority is difference in votes to fourth candidate
4. Robert Thompson was an Independent in the previous Parliament
5. The affiliation of many of the Māori candidates is unknown or uncertain

By-elections during 12th Parliament

There were a number of changes during the term of the 12th Parliament.

Electorate and by-election		Date	Incumbent		Cause	Winner
Waitemata	1894	9 April		Richard Monk	Election declared invalid		William Massey
Tuapeka	1894	9 July		Vincent Pyke	Death		William Larnach
City of Auckland	1895	24 July		George Grey	Resignation		Thomas Thompson
City of Christchurch	1896	13 February		William Reeves	Appointed Agent-General		Charles Lewis

Notes

1. McRobie 1989, pp. 59f.
2. "General elections 1853–2005 - dates & turnout". Elections New Zealand. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
3. Scholefield 1950, p. 90.
4. Scholefield 1950, p. 68.
5. Scholefield 1950, p. 40.
6. McIvor, Timothy L. "Ballance, John 1839–1893". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
7. Scholefield 1950, pp. 40–41.
8. Hamer, David. "Seddon, Richard John - Biography". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
9. "Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives - The General Election 1893". Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 1894. Retrieved 27 November 2013.
10. "The General Election, 1893". National Library. 1894. pp. 1–4. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
11. "The General Election". Otago Daily Times. 28 November 1893. p. 6. Retrieved 28 November 2013.
12. "General Election". Pelorus Guardian and Miners' Advocate. 4 (91). 1 December 1893. p. 2. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
13. "Electorate City of Auckland". Auckland Star. XXIV (273). 17 November 1893. p. 3. Retrieved 28 November 2013.
14. "Page 4 Advertisements Column 3". The Northern Advocate. 25 November 1893. p. 4. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
15. "Public Notice". Bay of Plenty Times. 20 November 1893. p. 5. Retrieved 28 November 2013.
16. "Political News". Tuapeka Times. XXV (4049). 11 November 1893. p. 3. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
17. Scholefield, Guy, ed. (1940). A Dictionary of New Zealand Biography : A–L (PDF). I. Wellington: Department of Internal Affairs. p. 124. Retrieved 26 August 2016.
18. "Hawke's Bay Electorate". Hawke's Bay Herald. XXVIII (9544). 2 December 1893. p. 3. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
19. "The Otaki Election". Manawatu Herald. 16 November 1893. p. 3. Retrieved 23 August 2016.
20. "The Palmerston Election". Feilding Star. XV (125). 25 November 1893. p. 3. Retrieved 23 August 2016.
21. "Waikouaiti Electoral District". Otago Daily Times (9901). 21 November 1893. p. 3. Retrieved 23 August 2016.
22. "The General Elections". The Press. L (8651). 28 November 1893. p. 6. Retrieved 29 November 2013.
23. Cyclopedia Company Limited (1897). "Borough Of Carterton". The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Wellington Provincial District. Wellington: The Cyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
24. "The Oamaru Mail". The Oamaru Mail. XVIII (5804). 28 November 1893. p. 2. Retrieved 23 August 2016.

References

• McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
• Scholefield, Guy (1950) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1949 (3rd ed.). Wellington: Govt. Printer.
• Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.

External links

• Roll of Members of the House of Representatives in 1894