773 Irmintraud

773 Irmintraud
Discovery [1]
Discovered by F. Kaiser
Discovery site Heidelberg Obs.
Discovery date 22 December 1913
Designations
MPC designation 773 Irmintraud
Named after
 Irmtraud
(German first-name)[2]
1913 TV · 1946 SO
A910 CG
main-belt · (outer) [3]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 31 July 2016 (JD 2457600.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc 102.32 yr (37372 d)
Aphelion 3.0876 AU (461.90 Gm)
Perihelion 2.6294 AU (393.35 Gm)
2.8585 AU (427.63 Gm)
Eccentricity 0.080135
4.83 yr (1765.2 d)
220.21°
0° 12m 14.184s / day
Inclination 16.684°
322.41°
331.91°
Earth MOID 1.62349 AU (242.871 Gm)
Jupiter MOID 2.21251 AU (330.987 Gm)
Jupiter Tisserand parameter 3.236
Physical characteristics
Dimensions 95.88 km[4]
87.07±1.76 km[5]
91.67±0.90 km[6]
Mean radius
 47.94±0.9 km
6.7514 h (0.28131 d)[1][7]
6.750±0.002 h[8]
6.75 h[9]
6.746±0.004 h[9]
6.748±0.001 h[10]
0.0440[4]
0.053±0.003[5]
0.048±0.006[6]
0.0440±0.002[1]
B–V = 0.706
U–B = 0.284
D (Tholen), T (SMASS) [1]
T [3]
9.10[1]

    773 Irmintraud, provisional designation 1913 TV, is a dark and reddish, rare-type asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, about 92 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 22 December 1913, by German astronomer Franz Kaiser at Heidelberg Observatory in southern Germany.[11]

    The asteroid is classified as a D-type and T-type body in the Tholen and SMASS taxonomy, respectively. The rare spectral T-type is similar to D-types which are often found among Jupiter trojans thought to have originated from the Kuiper belt. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.6–3.1 AU once every 4 years and 10 months (1,763 days). Its orbit is tilted by 17 degrees to the plane of the ecliptic and shows a low eccentricity of 0.08. According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite, IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, the minor planet's low albedo lies in the range of 0.04–0.05.[4][5][6] It has a well-defined rotation period of 6.75 hours, determined by several concurring observations.[7][8][9][10]

    The asteroid is a likely source of the Tagish Lake meteorite which landed in Canada on January 18, 2000.[12] It was named for Irmtraud, an old German woman's name that appears frequently in old songs and sagas.[2]

    History

    In 1992, Larry Lebofsky and colleagues published an article in which they noted that "unaltered asteroids are thought to represent the raw materials available for terrestrial planet formation and so are important to our understanding of the origin and evolution of the Solar System."[13] Since at least 1980, it was believed that D-type asteroids were unaltered asteroids, ultraprimitive in composition and composed largely of hydrated silicates and organic material.[13] However, in analyzing the spectra of 773 Irmintraud for the water of hydration band (the 3-µm absorption feature of hydrated silicates), Lebofsky discovered the first D-type asteroid to show the water of hydration band on the surface of the asteroid.[13] Lebofsky concluded that 773 Irmintraud had undergone an alteration process typically seen C-type asteroid, making 773 Irmintraud and perhaps other D-type asteroids less likely to represent the raw materials available for terrestrial planet formation.[13] In addition, the discovery of water of hydration band on 773 Irmintraud meant that there may be major differences in mineralogy within individual type classification and astronomers must be careful in assuming that the C-, D-, and other type classification relate directly to mineralogy.[13]

    In 1997, NASA added 773 Irmintraud and eventually over one million other names to a microchip placed on board the Stardust spacecraft that launched February 7, 1999.[14] Placing the names onto the Stardust spacecraft was a public outreach effort.[14] In particular, this served to promote public interest, awareness and support of the space program.[14]

    Preliminary spectrum graph of asteroid 773 Irmintraud, a main belt D-type asteroid that appears to show the presence of a 3-µm wavelength water of hydration band.

    In September 2001, there was speculation that Tagish Lake meteorite which struck in British Columbia, Canada on January 18, 2000, was derived from a D-type asteroid, since the spectral shape and brightness of the meteorite was similar to D-type asteroids.[12] Of the three studied, the 0.032 IRAS albedos (8) of 368 Haidea and the 0.033 IRAS albedos (8) of 773 Irmintraud are both considered close to the reflectance of the Tagish Lake meteorite. Moreover, even though 368 Haidea was closest spectrally to the Tagish Lake meteorite, 773 Irmintraud was no more than 0.034 AU to a chaotic zone associated with one of the Kirkwood gaps due to the mean motion resonance with Jupiter. This made 773 Irmintraud the closest of the three candidates to the associated chaotic zone and thus the most likely of the three as the source of the 2000 Earth impacted meteorite.[12]

    The idea that humans held a piece of the asteroid 773 Irmintraud spurred others to act. In 2002, the University of Tokyo performed near-infrared photometric and spectroscopic observations of 773.[15] In addition, the University obtained an accurate lightcurve in Japan through visible photometry and ultimately found a gap between K- and L-band spectra. From this, the university concluded that results support the idea that Tagish Lake meteorite has a link with D-type asteroids.[15]

    On May 22, 2007, at 06:07 UT, Irmintraud occulted TYC 4908-00263-1, a 10.7 magnitude star in the constellation Sextans, for observers along a path across New Zealand.[16]

    References

    1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 773 Irmintraud (1913 TV)" (2015-11-21 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 5 May 2016.
    2. 1 2 Schmadel, Lutz D. (2003). Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (773) Irmintraud. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 73. ISBN 978-3-540-29925-7. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
    3. 1 2 "LCDB Data for (773) Irmintraud". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 9 December 2015.
    4. 1 2 3 Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
    5. 1 2 3 Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
    6. 1 2 3 Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv:1209.5794Freely accessible. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
    7. 1 2 Holliday, B. (September 2001). "Photometry of Asteroid 773 Irmintraud". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 28: 43–44. Bibcode:2001MPBu...28...43H. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
    8. 1 2 Warner, Brian D. (September 2006). "Asteroid lightcurve analysis at the Palmer Divide Observatory - late 2005 and early 2006". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 33 (3): 58–62. Bibcode:2006MPBu...33...58W. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
    9. 1 2 3 Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (773) Irmintraud". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
    10. 1 2 Kanno, Ai; Hiroi, Takahiro; Nakamura, Ryosuke; Abe, Masanao; Ishiguro, Masateru; et al. (September 2003). "The first detection of water absorption on a D type asteroid". Geophysical Research Letters. 30 (17): PLA2–1. Bibcode:2003GeoRL..30.1909K. doi:10.1029/2003GL017907. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
    11. ↑ "773 Irmintraud (1913 TV)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
    12. 1 2 3 Hiroi, Takahiro; Zolensky, Michael E.; Pieters, Carle M. (September 2001). "The Tagish Lake Meteorite: A Possible Sample from a D-Type Asteroid". Science. 293 (5538): 2234–2236.(SciHomepage). Bibcode:2001Sci...293.2234H. doi:10.1126/science.1063734. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
    13. 1 2 3 4 5 Lebofsky, Larry A. (1992) NASA Scientific and Technical Information Program Office An Infrared Reflectance Study of Low Albedo Surface Constituents. N92-10830.
    14. 1 2 3 NASA (July 16, 2001) Microchip Names (I). Accessed June 12, 2008.
    15. 1 2 Ai, Kanno. (2002) Astronomical Herald Photometric and Near-IR Spectroscopic observations of a D-type asteroid, (773) Irmintraud, by SUBARU/IRCS. VOL.95; NO.11; PAGE.507-514. Accession number: 02A0834926; Japanese language Journal Code: F0543A; ISSN 0374-2466
    16. ↑ Preston, Steve. (May 19, 2007) asteroidoccultation.com (773) Irmintraud / TYC 4908-00263-1 event on 2007 May 22, 06:07 UT Accessed June 11, 2008.

    External links

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