Bolshaya Izhora

Bolshaya Izhora (English)
Большая Ижора (Russian)
-  Urban-type settlement[1]  -

Location of Leningrad Oblast in Russia
Bolshaya Izhora
Location of Bolshaya Izhora in Leningrad Oblast
Coordinates: 59°56′40″N 29°34′30″E / 59.94444°N 29.57500°E / 59.94444; 29.57500Coordinates: 59°56′40″N 29°34′30″E / 59.94444°N 29.57500°E / 59.94444; 29.57500
Administrative status
Country Russia
Federal subject Leningrad Oblast
Administrative district Lomonosovsky District[1]
Municipal status (as of February 2010)
Municipal district Lomonosovsky Municipal District[2]
Urban settlement Bolsheizhorskoye Urban Settlement[2]
Administrative center of Bolsheizhorskoye Urban Settlement[2]
Statistics
Population (2010 Census) 3,314 inhabitants[3]
Time zone MSK (UTC+03:00)[4]
Urban-type settlement status since August 27, 1939[5]

Bolshaya Izhora (Russian: Большая Ижора) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Lomonosovsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the southern shore of the Gulf of Finland. It is adjacent from the west to Saint Petersburg. Population: 3,314 (2010 Census);[3] 3,831 (2002 Census);[6] 3,967 (1989 Census).[7]

History

Bolshaya Izhora was established as a merger of several settlements: the selo of Bolshaya Izhora, the village of Sagomilye, and two suburban settlements, Primorsky Khutor and Pilnaya. The oldest of them (Pilnaya) was known since the 17th century, when a mill and a sawmill were in operation. In 1774, the Pilnaya Estate was built by Anastasiya Bibikova, the widow of general Alexander Ilyich Bibikov. Eventually, her son, Alexander Alexandrovich Bibikov, also a military officer, inherited the estate. The lands around Bolshaya Izhora originally belonged to Alexander Menshikov, and in the 19th century for some time to Grand Duke Michael, a brother of Tsar Nicholas I. The area remained largely unpopulated until the railway was opened in 1864. In the beginning of the 20th century, Bolshaya Izhora was a popular summer holiday destination. Until 1918, it had boat connections with Kronstadt every summer.[8]

In the beginning of the 20th century, Bolshaya Izhora was a part of Petergofsky Uyezds of Saint Petersburg Governorate, with the center in Petergof. The governorate was renamed Petrograd in 1914 and Leningrad in 1924. On February 14, 1923 Petergofsky Uyezd was merged with Detskoselsky Uyezd to form Gatchinsky Uyezd, with the administrative center located in Gatchina.[9] On February 14, 1923 Gatchina was renamed Trotsk, and Gatchinsky Uyezd was renamed Trotsky Uyezd, after Leon Trotsky.[10]

On August 1, 1927, the uyezds were abolished and Oranienbaumsky District, with the administrative center in the town of Oranienbaum, was established. The governorates were also abolished, and the district was a part of Leningrad Okrug of Leningrad Oblast. Bolshaya Izhora was a part of the district. On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were abolished as well, and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast. On August 27, 1939 Bolshaya Izhora was made an urban-type settlement. Between August 1941 and January 1944 the eastern part of the district, including Bolshaya Izhora, served as a territory, known as Oranienbaum Bridgehead, which protected the city of Leningrad form German troops. On February 23, 1948 the town of Oranienbaum was renamed Lomonosov to commemorate Mikhail Lomonosov, and the district was renamed Lomonosovsky.[5]

Economy

During the Soviet period, before 1991, the economy of Bolshaya Izhora was based on military installations, which were since made a joint-stock company and still employs a fraction of population of the settlement. Bolshaya Izhora was an area of limited access. As of 2013, 81% of all lands in Bolshaya Izhora still belonged to the Defence Ministry, Bolshaya Izhora had no industrial enterprises, and its population were daily commuting to Saint Petersburg for work. Hopes were raised that some day it could rely on tourism, but as of 2013 there were no specific plans of the tourist infrastructure developments.[11]

Transportation

Bolshaya Izhora has two railway stations on the railway connecting the Baltiysky railway station of Saint Petersburg with Veymarn, Bolshaya Izhora and Dubochki.

Bolshaya Izhora is located on the A121 highway (Krasnoflotskoye Highway) which follows the southern shore of the Gulf of Finland and connects Saint Petersburg and Sosnovy Bor. It is also the northwestern terminus of the A120 highway which encircles Saint Petersburg from the south. There are frequent bus connections to Saint Petersburg.

Culture and recreation

The district contains two objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance. Both are graves of soldiers fallen in World War II.[12]

References

Notes

  1. 1 2 Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 41 230 554 000», в ред. изменения №259/2014 от 12 декабря 2014 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division . Code 41 230 554 000, as amended by the Amendment #259/2014 of December 12, 2014. ).
  2. 1 2 3 Law #117-oz
  3. 1 2 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
  4. ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №271-ФЗ от 03 июля 2016 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #271-FZ of July 03, 2016 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
  5. 1 2 Ораниенбаумский район (авг.1927 - фев. 1948 г .), Ломоносовский район (фев.1948 - фев. 196З, янв.1965) (in Russian). Система классификаторов исполнительных органов государственной власти Санкт-Петербурга. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
  6. ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  7. ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  8. ↑ Пильная Мыза - Везенберг - Приморский хутор - Большая Ижора (in Russian). Большая Ижора. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
  9. ↑ Царскосельский уезд (1917 - нояб. 1918), Детскосельский уезд (ноябрь1918 - фев.1923) (in Russian). Система классификаторов исполнительных органов государственной власти Санкт-Петербурга. Retrieved January 24, 2013.
  10. ↑ Гатчинский уезд (февр. 1923-авг. 1927) (in Russian). Система классификаторов исполнительных органов государственной власти Санкт-Петербурга. Retrieved February 8, 2013.
  11. ↑ Буренина, Светлана (March 13, 2013). Большие планы Большой Ижоры. ВЕСТИ он-лайн (in Russian). Saint Petersburg. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
  12. ↑ Памятники истории и культуры народов Российской Федерации (in Russian). Russian Ministry of Culture. Retrieved 2 June 2016.

Sources

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